The Ukrainian armed forces are attacking along three fronts in the south, east and north, reversing some of the territorial gains the Russian army made in the first six months of Russia’s wider war on Ukraine.



The war’s momentum clearly is shifting—in Kyiv’s favor.



Ukraine’s counteroffensive&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/08/29/ukraines-southern-counteroffensive-long-rumored-might-finally-have-begun/?sh=1c42ac4a4b26">began on Aug. 30</a>, in the south. The Ukrainian Southern Theater Command—overseeing around three dozen army, marine and territorial battalions with perhaps 20,000 combat troops—launched assaults across the 100-mile front line stretching along the Inhulets River north of Russian-occupied Kherson, a strategic port on the Black Sea.



The Ukrainians felt out at least three soft spots in the Russian 49th Combined Arms Army’s defenses. The Ukrainian navy’s 35th and 36th Naval Infantry Brigades found the softest spot. In the first week of the counteroffensive, they advanced seven miles south of Ukraine’s main lodgment on the left bank of the Inhulets, <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/09/06/russias-main-southern-bridgehead-could-be-ukraines-main-target/?sh=af1872a30b51">seemingly aiming</a> for the 49th CAA’s bridgehead across the Dnipro River in Beryslav, 25 miles south of the Inhulets and 35 miles east of Kherson.



That bridgehead is critical to the Russian defense. In three months of shaping operations starting in late May, Ukrainian artillery, rockets, commandos and saboteurs damaged or dropped all the major spans over the Inhulets and Dnipro in and around Kherson, leaving a handful of pontoon bridges—including the one in Beryslav—as the main lines of communication to the 49th CAA.



Tens of thousands of Russian and allied troops are at risk of starvation and encirclement in Kherson Oblast. The Ukrainians are taking advantage of the occupiers’ worsening fragility, steadily marching south and liberating devastated villages.&nbsp;



In seizing the initiative in the south, Ukraine has forced Russia to react rather than act. The Kremlin since May has shifted around a dozen battalions—a tenth of its force in Ukraine—from the Donbas region in the east to Kherson Oblast.



Conditions are bad enough for the Russians in Kherson that the reinforcing battalions might not make much difference in the south. But pulling those troops from Donbas&nbsp;has&nbsp;made a difference&nbsp;there.&nbsp;



The Russian army this summer captured several small cities in Donbas, expending much of its manpower and firepower reserves in the process. The Russian offensive in Donbas ground to a halt outside Bakhmut last month, apparently signaling to Ukrainian commanders that the time was right for Ukraine to counterattack &#8230;&nbsp;everywhere.&nbsp;



Kyiv’s forces moved on Kherson first. And as the Russians hollowed out their defensive positions in the north and east in order to meet the Ukrainians in the south, the Ukrainians&nbsp;also&nbsp;moved on Donbas and Kharkiv.



Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky on Tuesday&nbsp;<a href="https://te.legra.ph/Dispatch-for-September-5-09-06" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">confirmed</a>&nbsp;Ukrainian gains in Donetsk Oblast in Donbas when he specifically thanked the 54th Mechanized Brigade and a local territorial brigade for their efforts. Ukrainian troops meanwhile&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/Militarylandnet/status/1567131390260428802" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">probed</a>Russian positions around Balakliia in Kharkiv Oblast. “Ukraine could give the enemy a few more surprises,” Zelesnky&nbsp;<a href="https://t.me/uniannet/71005" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">said</a>.



It’s possible that, in the sixth month into the wider war, the Russian and Ukrainian armies are similar in size—each with around 100 battalions. The Russians&nbsp;on paperpossess more artillery, helicopters and warplanes, but the Ukrainians with their smaller air force and artillery corps have leveraged high-end American weaponry—High-Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/08/30/watch-the-ukrainian-air-force-lob-american-missiles-at-russian-radars/?sh=55c2920955e5">High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missiles</a>—to strike Russian supply lines and air-defenses.



The precision of Ukrainian deep strikes, combined with the Ukrainians’ shorter supply lines and superior morale, could give Kyiv key advantages as the war’s momentum shifts and the Russians struggle to keep up with ever-bolder Ukrainian maneuvers.&nbsp;https://060d82c014cb357ad7acde8d2553728b.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html



It’s telling that, just a couple months ago, the Ukrainian military struggled—and ultimately failed—to hold the high ground in the city of Lysychansk on the eastern edge of free Donbas. Today the Ukrainians aren’t just holding territory, they’re actively taking it back along three fronts.



The next few weeks are critical. The early winter months in Ukraine are wet and muddy. Traditionally, offensive warfare in Ukraine halts in October or November and resumes only after the ground freezes around the New Year.&nbsp;



Now is the time for Kyiv to free occupied settlements. Ukrainian commanders clearly understand that. It’s apparent they’ve been waiting, and preparing, for this moment.



By David Axe, Forbes Staff

Russia-Ukraine war

Ukraine Is Attacking Everywhere

<h2 id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



The International Monetary Fund warned on Tuesday of a slowdown in global economic growth as the world economy continues to take a hit from “increasingly gloomy developments in 2022,” including high inflation, a slowdown in China caused by Covid lockdowns and ongoing fallout from Russia’s war in Ukraine.



<h2>KEY FACTS</h2>



The IMF&nbsp;<a href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2022/07/26/world-economic-outlook-update-july-2022" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">slashed</a>&nbsp;its global growth projections, now expecting global GDP to grow 3.2% this year and 2.9% in 2023, down from&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/sergeiklebnikov/2022/04/19/imf-sounds-alarm-on-significant-slowdown-as-ukraine-war-and-inflation-slam-global-economies/?sh=5a14ef5f469f">previous estimates</a>in April of 3.6% GDP growth for both years.



The group cited a slowdown in the world’s three largest economies—the United States, China and the euro area—as a reason for the revised estimates, warning that the risks to the outlook remain “overwhelmingly tilted to the downside.”



Several “shocks” have hit the global economy as it tries to recover from the pandemic, including higher-than-expected inflation worldwide–especially in the United States and Europe, a worse-than-anticipated slowdown in China caused by Covid lockdowns and “further negative spillovers” from the war in Ukraine.



The IMF also said that high inflation remains a “major problem” as prices have continued to rise in 2022, led by soaring food and fuel costs, arguing that “taming inflation should be the first priority for policymakers” worldwide.



The group now&nbsp;<a href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2022/07/26/world-economic-outlook-update-july-2022" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">expects</a>&nbsp;global inflation to hit 6.6% in advanced economies and 9.5% in developing economies this year, though prices are expected to return to near-prepandemic levels by the end of 2024.



The IMF also slashed its growth estimates for the U.S. economy, now forecasting GDP to rise 2.3% this year and 1% in 2023, down from previous estimates of 3.7% and 2.3%, respectively, amid the impact of tighter monetary policy and reduced household purchasing power.



<h2>CRUCIAL QUOTE:</h2>



“The outlook has darkened significantly since April,” IMF chief economist Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas said in a <a href="https://blogs.imf.org/2022/07/26/global-economic-growth-slows-amid-gloomy-and-more-uncertain-outlook/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">statement</a>. “The world may soon be teetering on the edge of a global recession, only two years after the last one.” 



<h2>WHAT TO WATCH FOR:</h2>



“The slowdown in China has global consequences,” the IMF said. “Lockdowns added to global supply-chain disruptions and the decline in domestic spending are reducing demand for goods and services from China’s trade partners.” The group now sees China’s economy growing 3.3% in 2022—its lowest pace in four decades and down over 1% from previous estimates.



<h2>SURPRISING FACT:</h2>



The World Bank similarly slashed its forecasts for the global economy last month, predicting GDP growth in 2022 of just 2.9%, down from an earlier estimate of 4.1%.



<h2>FURTHER READING:</h2>



<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/sergeiklebnikov/2022/04/19/imf-sounds-alarm-on-significant-slowdown-as-ukraine-war-and-inflation-slam-global-economies/?sh=5a14ef5f469f">IMF Sounds Alarm On ‘Significant Slowdown’ As Ukraine War And Inflation Slam Global Economies</a> (Forbes)



By Sergei Klebnikov, Forbes Staff

Stock exchange market display screen board on the street showing stock market crash sell-off in red colour

IMF Warns Of ‘Gloomy Outlook’ For Global Economy, Slashing Growth Estimates

Russia And Technology Companies Photo Illustrations

Netflix, TikTok, Major Accounting Firms Suspend Service—Here’s The List Of Companies Cutting Ties With Russia Over Invasion

<h2 id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



Ukraine’s capital city, Kyiv, witnessed multiple explosions and what government officials called “horrific rocket strikes” early on Friday as Russian forces continued to press deeper into the country in an attempt to capture the city, home to nearly 3 million people.



<h2>KEY FACTS</h2>



<a href="https://forbes.ua/news/putin-ogolosiv-pro-pochatok-viyskovoi-operatsii-na-donbasi-ta-proignoruvav-zvernennya-zelenskogo-golovni-novini-24022022-3843" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">According to</a>&nbsp;Forbes Ukraine, explosions were heard throughout Kyiv early on Friday morning.



Ukraine’s Deputy Interior Minister&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-24-22-intl/h_e6c92eba96f9436542099ad74eef40e7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">claimed</a>&nbsp;that one of the major explosions heard over the city—videos of which were&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/ChristopherJM/status/1497043832168493067?s=20&amp;t=Mt30Qbyk8uFKyYcIkHgQ7w" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">circulating</a>&nbsp;on social media—was the result of a Ukrainian air defense system shooting down a Russian missile out of the sky.



Interior ministry adviser Anton Gerashchenko in a separate statement said Kyiv had been hit by Russia “cruise or ballistic missiles,” on Friday and shared several photos of residential buildings on fire.



Ukraine’s Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba reiterated these claims of “horrific Russian rocket strikes on Kyiv” in a <a href="https://twitter.com/DmytroKuleba/status/1497058048430460934" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">tweet</a> and compared the situation to the 1941 invasion of the country by Nazi Germany.



By Siladitya Ray, Forbes Staff



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1372732613.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-54426" width="720" height="480" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1372732613.jpg 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1372732613-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1372732613-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px" /></figure></div>



A man walks his dog in front of a damaged residential block hit by an early morning missile strike on February 25, 2022 in Kyiv, Ukraine. Yesterday, Russia began a large-scale attack on Ukraine, with Russian troops invading the country from the north, east and south, accompanied by air strikes and shelling. The Ukrainian president said that at least 137 Ukrainian soldiers were killed by the end of the first day. (Photo by Chris McGrath/Getty Images)



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1372732743.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-54427" width="700" height="467" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1372732743.jpg 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1372732743-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1372732743-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /></figure></div>



A member of the congregation bows their head to pray as Reverend Simon Ckuj delivers a service at St Andrew&#8217;s Ukrainian Catholic Church, Lidcombe on February 25, 2022 in Sydney, Australia. Russia has launched a military invasion of Ukraine, despite facing financial sanctions and condemnation from Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and several other nations. (Photo by Lisa Maree Williams/Getty Images)



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="683" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1372731108.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-54424" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1372731108.jpg 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1372731108-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1372731108-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div>



 A burnt, damaged bedroom of an apartment is seen in a residential block hit by an early morning missile strike on February 25, 2022 in Kyiv, Ukraine. Yesterday, Russia began a large-scale attack on Ukraine, with Russian troops invading the country from the north, east and south, accompanied by air strikes and shelling. The Ukrainian president said that at least 137 Ukrainian soldiers were killed by the end of the first day. (Photo by Chris McGrath/Getty Images)



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="683" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1238746109.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-54423" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1238746109.jpg 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1238746109-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1238746109-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div>



Hundreds of residents from a residential building damaged by a missile gather in a bomb shelter in the basement of a school on February 25, 2022 in Kyiv, Ukraine. Yesterday, Russia began a large-scale attack on Ukraine, with Russian troops invading the country from the north, east and south, accompanied by air strikes and shelling. The Ukrainian president said that at least 137 Ukrainian soldiers were killed by the end of the first day. (Photo by Pierre Crom/Getty Images)



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="684" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1238745910-1024x684.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-54422" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1238745910-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1238745910-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1238745910-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1238745910-1536x1027.jpg 1536w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1238745910.jpg 1616w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div>



Civilians are seen after a missile struck a residential building during Russiaâs military intervention in left bank Kyiv, Ukraine on February 25, 2022 (Photo by Wolfgang Schwan/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="683" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1372732824.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-54428" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1372732824.jpg 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1372732824-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1372732824-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div>



 Ukranians gather in protest outside the Russian Consulate on February 25, 2022 in Istanbul, Turkey. Yesterday, Russia began a large-scale attack on Ukraine, with Russian troops invading the country from the north, east and south, accompanied by air strikes and shelling. Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan said this week that his country, which is a NATO member, did not &#8220;recognize any step against Ukraine&#8217;s sovereignty and territorial integrity.&#8221; (Photo by Burak Kara/Getty Images)

UKRAINE-RUSSIA-CONFLICT

Photos Show Devastating Impact Of Rocket Strikes And Shelling On Kyiv

<h2 id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



Global stock indexes and major cryptocurrencies dived on Thursday while commodities like oil and precious metals rallied as Russia’s&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/joewalsh/2022/02/23/russia-orders-special-military-operation-in-ukraine/?sh=72e111fc2321">invasion</a>&nbsp;of Ukraine sent shockwaves through international markets.&nbsp;



<h2 id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h2>



European stocks tumbled as markets opened on Thursday morning, with key indexes including London’s FTSE 100 down 2.46%, Germany’s Dax 3.48%, France&#8217;s CAC40 3.01%, Spain’s Ibex 2.58%, Euronext 100 2.62% and Euro Stoxx 50 3.37%.



The slump mirrors falling stocks in the Asia Pacific region Thursday, with Japan’s Nikkei down 1.81%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng 3.21%, Australia’s All Ordinaries 2.95% and Shanghai’s Composite 1.70%.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;



U.S. markets are on a similar path for when markets open, with the Dow down 1.38% in pre-market trading, Nasdaq 2.57% and S&amp;P 500 1.84%, with the latter&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/sergeiklebnikov/2022/02/23/sp-500-falls-deeper-into-correction-territory-as-ukraine-declares-state-of-emergency/?sh=793035b35e67">continuing</a>&nbsp;a days-long downwards trend.



The Moscow stock exchange, which uses the Russian ruble, suspended all trading Thursday amid enormous volatility in the currency and benchmark index MOEX was down nearly 40%.



Oil prices, meanwhile, jumped past $100 a barrel with the highest prices since 2014—Brent crude rose nearly 7% to $103 a barrel—and safe haven&nbsp;<a href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/gold-rises-escalating-ukraine-crisis-spurs-safe-haven-bids-2022-02-24/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">assets</a>&nbsp;like gold, silver platinum and palladium grew between 1.5% and 3%.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;



Major cryptocurrencies also crashed in the wake of the invasion, with&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/digital-assets/assets/bitcoin-btc/?sh=23274a6d4357">bitcoin</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/siladityaray/2022/02/23/bitcoin-falls-below-35000-as-putin-orders-military-operation-in-ukraine/?sh=56d6315f4a3a">down 8%</a>&nbsp;in the last 24 hours,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/digital-assets/assets/ether-eth/?sh=6457a2717b0e">ether 12%</a>, Binance’s&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/digital-assets/assets/binance-coin-bnb/?sh=6b8afc44ae78">BNB 11%</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/digital-assets/assets/ripple-xrp/?sh=38a7ebe1535a">Ripple’s XRP 13%</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;



<h2 id="h-what-to-watch-for">WHAT TO WATCH FOR</h2>



More sanctions. World leaders have&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2022/02/23/russia-sanctions-tracker-first-barrage-of-penalties-span-japan-to-us/?sh=3379f45c149a">already imposed fresh sanctions</a>&nbsp;on Russian banks, lawmakers and oligarchs and President Joe Biden warned Thursdays’ G7 meeting would yield more “<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/siladityaray/2022/02/24/russias-invasion-of-ukraine-draws-international-condemnation-and-threats-of-more-sanctions/?sh=3f2fd15c7b3b">severe sanctions</a>’ on Russia.&nbsp; The sanctions—which could be severe given the scale of Russia’s incursion—could cripple Russia’s economy and bar it from key markets. European&nbsp;<a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-russia-new-sanctions-package-ukraine/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">leaders</a>&nbsp;have already scheduled an emergency meeting to discuss the measures on Thursday evening.&nbsp;



<h2 id="h-further-reading">FURTHER READING</h2>



<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/siladityaray/2022/02/24/russias-invasion-of-ukraine-draws-international-condemnation-and-threats-of-more-sanctions/?sh=3f2fd15c7b3b">Russia’s Invasion Of Ukraine Draws International Condemnation And Threats Of More Sanctions</a>&nbsp;(Forbes)



<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/joewalsh/2022/02/23/russia-orders-special-military-operation-in-ukraine/?sh=72e111fc2321">Russia Orders ‘Special Military Operation’ In Ukraine</a> (Forbes)



By <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/"></a>Robert Hart, Forbes Staff

Oil Prices Moving Down

Global Stocks Plummet And Oil Soars As Russia Invades Ukraine

<h2 id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



The price of bitcoin dropped below $35,000 for the <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/annakaplan/2022/01/22/bitcoin-falls-below-35000-as-selloff-nears-50-from-record-high/?sh=695298aa6079">first time</a> since January on Thursday as Russia began its military operation in Ukraine, a selloff that some analysts have <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanponciano/2022/02/18/bitcoin-tumbles-as-crypto-market-plunge-erases-150-billion-but-worst-may-be-ahead/?sh=4ba8ff604a10">previously warned</a> could continue to worsen until tensions subside in eastern Europe.



<h2>KEY FACTS</h2>



The price of the world’s most valuable cryptocurrency has slumped more than 7% since Wednesday evening (more than 9% in the previous 24 hours) dropping to about $34,763 by 11.50 pm ET before climbing back over $35,000 after midnight.



Since hitting a record high of more than $69,000 in November, the cryptocurrency has lost more than $600 billion in market value.



Ethereum, the world’s second largest cryptocurrency has taken an even bigger hit losing more than 12% in the past 24 hours.



In contrast, the price of oil continued to shoot up with Brent crude futures jumped more than 4.5%, crossing $100 per barrel for the first time since 2014.



This is a developing story.



By Siladitya Ray, Forbes Staff

Bitcoin and candlestick chart

Bitcoin Falls Below $35,000 As Putin Orders Military Operation In Ukraine

<h2 id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered a “special military operation” in Ukraine early Thursday, a chilling announcement that was immediately followed by reports of explosions across Ukraine, propelling the country into war after months of massive Russian troop buildups.



<h2 id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h2>



Russia launched the operation in response to calls for assistance from Russian-backed separatist leaders in eastern Ukraine, Putin claimed in a speech aired on Russian television.



CNN&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-23-22/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">reported</a>&nbsp;explosions were audible from Ukraine’s capital of Kyiv and the eastern cities of Kharkiv and Kramatorsk after Putin’s speech.



Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/DmytroKuleba/status/1496695889401896964" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">tweeted</a>&nbsp;that Putin has “launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine.”



In a&nbsp;<a href="https://dpsu.gov.ua/ua/news/Derzhavniy-kordon-Ukraini-piddavsya-ataci-rosiyskih-viysk-zi-storoni-RF-ta-RB/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">statement</a>&nbsp;issued on its website, Ukraine’s State Border Guard said the country was also facing an attack along its northern borders by Russian troops with support from Belarusian forces.



In&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/zelenskiy.official/posts/3017478685169154?__cft__[0]=AZUsWu88Ns6ISNqguybw-W6LiMYzgDov6KnJBFAOkSEVR6FuKs4ggYpmWI8Oa0WsxZM-R-u6bprFJ7QDnHs0XfjWoVWRfslIQS-_JXWjY2X5H1oovMYTf3WwiGj3EIqPCY3NO1xlY_OI35QrjZ8DXBZz&amp;__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">brief video</a>&nbsp;shared on Facebook, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy declared martial law across the whole territory of Ukraine while urging the country’s citizens to not panic.



Putin called on Ukrainians to lay down their weapons and insisted he doesn’t want to occupy the country, claiming the military action is designed to “demilitarize and denazify” Ukraine.



Putin’s speech also included an ominous warning that he will&nbsp; bring to justice “those who have committed numerous bloody crimes against civilians, including citizens of the Russian Federation.”



The Russian leader also issued a stern warning against any international opposition to the move, stating any attempts to impede Moscow’s actions “let alone create threats for our country” will lead to consequences “never seen in history.”



<h2 id="h-chief-critic">CHIEF CRITIC</h2>



In a statement, U.S. President Joe Biden denounced Putin’s actions and vowed to impose additional sanctions for the “needless act of aggression” on Ukraine. “President Putin has chosen a premeditated war that will bring a catastrophic loss of life and human suffering,” Biden said. “Russia alone is responsible for the death and destruction this attack will bring, and the United States and its Allies and partners will respond in a united and decisive way.”



<h2 id="h-crucial-quote">CRUCIAL QUOTE</h2>



In a statement issued after a call with Zelenskyy, Biden said “I condemned this unprovoked and unjustified attack by Russian military forces. I briefed him on the steps we are taking to rally international condemnation&#8230;Tomorrow, I will be meeting with the Leaders of the G7, and the United States and our Allies and partners will be imposing severe sanctions on Russia.:



<h2 id="h-surprising-fact">SURPRISING FACT</h2>



Putin launched the attack during an emergency meeting of the U.N. Security Council in New York called to deal with the Ukraine crisis. Sergiy Kyslytsya, Ukraine’s ambassador to the United Nations, denounced Russia’s actions in a fiery speech: “There is no purgatory for war criminals. They go straight to hell,” he said. Russian ambassador Vasily Nebenzya—who currently serves as the Security Council’s chair—responded by denying that Russia declared war, insisting Putin’s “special military operation” is somehow distinct from a war.



<h2 id="h-tangent">TANGENT</h2>



Shortly before Putin announced the invasion, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy made a final plea for peace in a late-night speech. Zelenskyy said he attempted to contact Putin, but the Kremlin didn’t respond.



<h2 id="h-key-background">KEY BACKGROUND</h2>



Russia and Ukraine have been locked in a tense relationship since 2014, when Russia invaded and annexed Ukraine’s Crimean Peninsula, an area roughly the size of Vermont whose 2.4 million inhabitants are mostly ethnic Russians. Russian troops and military hardware were also&nbsp;<a href="https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/191186/Hiding-in-Plain_Sight_0529.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">deployed</a>&nbsp;eight years ago in support of separatists in the Donbas, an area of Ukraine bordering Russia, though the Kremlin&nbsp;<a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-denial-idUSKBN0GS22Z20140828" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">officially denied</a>&nbsp;participating in the conflict. In December, Russia moved about 100,000 troops close to its border with Ukraine, a number that swelled to more than 150,000 by last week according to the U.S., prompting the White House to warn that Russia could launch an attack justified by a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/zacharysmith/2022/02/03/russia-plans-fake-explosion-video-to-justify-ukraine-invasion-us-alleges/">“false-flag” operation</a>&nbsp;portraying Ukraine as the aggressor. Violations of a ceasefire in the Donbas have become more frequent over the last week, a trend U.S. officials viewed as an attempt by Russia to create a pretext for war. On Monday, Putin&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2022/02/21/putin-reportedly-said-hell-recognize-pro-russia-states-in-ukraine---heres-why-that-matters/">said</a>&nbsp;Russia will recognize the independence of Ukraine’s partially separatist-controlled Donetsk and Luhansk regions, and accused Ukraine of military aggression, a move the White House called a likely prelude to invasion, though the Kremlin has&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/31/europe/ukraine-russia-latest-news-monday-intl/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">dismissed</a>&nbsp;concerns about a Russian invasion of Ukraine as “madness and scaremongering.” American and European officials have searched for a diplomatic solution to the crisis, but Russia has continued to push for Ukraine to be barred from joining NATO, a demand the U.S. and its allies have not accepted.



<h2 id="h-what-to-watch-for">WHAT TO WATCH FOR</h2>



Reactions from Western governments. The U.S. and its allies’ responses to Russian aggression so far have ranged from supplying the Kyiv government with weapons to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/22/business/nord-stream-pipeline-germany-russia.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">halting</a> the activation of Nord Stream 2, an $11 billion natural gas pipeline connecting Russia to Germany—a move that threatens to <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/05/nord-stream-2-is-a-major-item-of-leverage-against-russia-ex-german-ambassador.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">deprive</a> Russia of tens of billions of dollars in natural gas revenue. NATO <a href="https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_191040.htm" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">announced</a> January 24 that member states had sent ships and fighter jets to Lithuania and Bulgaria in response to the crisis. Though U.S. troops have been deployed to Eastern European NATO allies, Biden has <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/08/russia-talks-of-rapid-ukraine-discussions-after-biden-putin-summit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ruled out</a> the possibility of deploying U.S. troops to defend Ukraine or to evacuate Americans, arguing a clash between U.S. and Russian troops would spark “a world war.”



<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/joewalsh/"></a>By Joe Walsh, Forbes Staff



By Zachary Snowdon Smith, Forbes Staff

Ukraine Warns Of Encirclement As Russia Conducts Exercises In Belarus

Russia Orders ‘Special Military Operation’ In Ukraine

<h2 id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



Several members of the U.N. Security Council on Monday condemned Russia’s moves to escalate its crisis with Ukraine in an emergency meeting of the council after Russian President Vladimir Putin recognized two breakaway regions in eastern Ukraine and deployed Russian troops to them in defiance of international law.



<h2 id="key-facts">KEY FACTS</h2>



Linda Thomas-Greenfield, the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations warned that Putin’s recognition of separatist regions in Ukraine was an attempt to create a “pretext for a further invasion of Ukraine” and termed Russia’s so-called peacekeeping operation in the region as “nonsense.”



U.K. representative Barbara Woodward said that her country will announce a set of new sanctions against Russia adding that there will be “severe economic consequences” to Russia’s actions.



Ukrainian ambassador Sergiy Kyslytsya, who requested the emergency meeting, delivered a defiant statement that Ukraine was not “afraid of anything or anyone” and it will not give away “anything to anyone.”



Despite its&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/siladityaray/2022/02/04/putin-meets-xi-in-show-of-unity-amid-tensions-with-west-heres-what-they-discussed/?sh=144b93531b43">growing closeness</a>&nbsp;with Russia, China delivered a terse statement at the meeting saying that “all parties concerned must exercise restraint and avoid any action that may fuel tensions.”



Kenyan Ambassador Martin Kimani criticized Russia’s actions, calling it part of a trend of powerful nations breaching international laws, adding “multilateralism lies on its deathbed tonight.”



India’s representative TS Tirumurti was more guarded in his comments calling for “restraint” and “constructive diplomacy” but stopped short of outright condemning Russia’s actions.



<h2 id="chief-critic">CHIEF CRITIC</h2>



Russia’s ambassador to the UN Vasily Nebenzya dismissed the criticism, calling it “emotional.” He added: “Now, it&#8217;s important to focus on how to avoid war. And how to force Ukraine to stop the shelling and provocations against Donetsk and Luhansk.” Nebenzya also accused the U.S. and its allies of “cramming weapons” into Ukraine and said that Russia will not allow a “bloodbath” to take place in the Donbas region.



By Siladitya Ray, Forbes Staff

US-UKRAINE-RUSSIA-CONFLICT-UN

UN Security Council Members Blast Russia After Putin Orders Troops Into Eastern Ukraine

The market finished lower on Tuesday as Big Tech stocks posted declines which offset an initial rally sparked by Russia&#8217;s claims that it approved the world’s first coronavirus vaccine.



KEY FACTS



The Dow Jones Industrial Average was down 0.4%, around 100 points, on Tuesday, while the S&amp;P 500 fell 0.8% and the tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite lost 1.7%.



Although stocks moved higher for most of the day—with the Dow at one point rising over 350 points, all three major indexes turned negative in the final hour of trading.



Investors continued to rotate out of Big Tech stocks, dragging the market lower: Shares of Amazon, Microsoft, Apple, and Netflix all fell between 1% and 2%.



Stocks initially rose following Russian President Vladimir Putin’s overnight announcement that his country was the first to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/siladityaray/2020/08/11/russia-has-approved-worlds-first-covid-19-vaccine-putin-says/#444798ff59a3">grant regulatory approval</a>&nbsp;for a coronavirus vaccine, after less than two months of human testing.



While Russia’s rapid approval of the vaccine has met with skepticism and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-russia-vaccine-put/russia-becomes-first-country-to-approve-a-covid-19-vaccine-says-putin-idUSKCN25712U?il=0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">raised concern</a>&nbsp;among medical experts, the news did spark optimism among investors that a vaccine could be available in the U.S. sooner than expected.



Shares of companies that would benefit from a vaccine and a reopening of the economy—including airlines, cruise stocks and retailers—jumped on the news Tuesday.



CRUCIAL QUOTE



“Although the timing is uncertain, the stock market is expressing confidence that the pandemic will end eventually with a vaccine—or multiple vaccines—and with help from better treatments in the interim,” says Jeff Buchbinder, equity strategist for LPL Financial.



WHAT TO WATCH FOR



Ongoing coronavirus stimulus talks, which ended in a stalemate last week. President Trump on Saturday issued several executive orders to extend economic relief programs, such as expanding federal unemployment benefits—at a reduced rate of $400 per week, deferring student loan payments through 2020, extending a federal moratorium on evictions and providing a payroll tax holiday. But Trump’s executive action was met with criticism from both parties and is likely to face legal challenges, since continuing the programs would require federal funding from Congress. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/sarahhansen/2020/08/10/mnuchin-says-white-house-is-willing-to-put-more-money-on-the-table-for-next-stimulus-bill/">said</a>&nbsp;on Monday that the White House is open to resuming coronavirus relief talks with Democrats and is willing to provide more relief money in order to make a compromise.



TANGENT



After nine straight weeks of gains, the price of Silver plunged 14% on Tuesday, its biggest one-day loss since 2008. Gold also fell 5.5%, hitting its lowest level since last month.



SURPRISING FACT



So far, 448 companies in the S&amp;P 500 have reported second-quarter earnings, with nearly 82% beating Wall Street expectations—the highest rate on record dating back to 1994, according to Refinitiv data. Just over 16% of companies so far have failed to meet expectations.



FURTHER READING



<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/sergeiklebnikov/2020/08/11/goldman-predicts-at-least-one-vaccine-approval-before-the-end-of-2020-raises-gdp-estimate/">Goldman Predicts ‘At Least One’ Vaccine Approval Before The End Of 2020, Raises GDP Estimate</a>&nbsp;(Forbes)



<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/siladityaray/2020/08/11/russia-has-approved-worlds-first-covid-19-vaccine-putin-says/">Russia Has Approved World’s First Covid-19 Vaccine, Putin Says</a>&nbsp;(Forbes)



<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/sergeiklebnikov/2020/08/10/dow-jumps-350-points-after-trump-signs-executive-orders-to-extend-coronavirus-relief/">Dow Jumps 350 Points After Trump Signs Executive Orders To Extend Coronavirus Relief</a>&nbsp;(Forbes)



<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/sarahhansen/2020/08/10/mnuchin-says-white-house-is-willing-to-put-more-money-on-the-table-for-next-stimulus-bill/">Mnuchin Says White House Is Willing To Put ‘More Money On The Table’ For Next Stimulus Bill</a>&nbsp;(Forbes)



&#8211;Sergei Klebnikov, Forbes Staff

Russia Has Registered The Covid-19 Vaccine

Stocks Turn Negative After Russia Claims To Have World’s First Coronavirus Vaccine

Analysts predict BRICS could become as big as the Group 7 by 2027. Can the BRICS nations effectively come together promoting inclusiveness, trade and technological collaboration?

The recurring question at the three-day BRICS summit in July, which brought some of the planet’s most powerful leaders to Africa’s richest square mile Sandton, was the importance of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) when it comes to inter-trade. So what happens next?
The 4IR, like the three revolutions preceding it, has disrupted economies and societies around the globe. In many instances, developing countries have been left behind, perpetuating the exclusion of the past rooted in colonialism and exploitation.
The leaders of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS), who are aware of the enormous hurdles, used the gathering in Johannesburg to issue a clarion call for united and concerted action for the impending revolution.
Host president Cyril Ramaphosa of South Africa – which is the current chair of BRICS – said the 4IR presents the world with opportunities and should be embraced.
“As the BRICS forum, we can neither ignore, nor take for-granted, the reality that is the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the impact that it will have on the global economy. There is no area of economic activity that is immune from technological disruption.
&nbsp;
<div id="attachment_37173" style="width: 750px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-37173" decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="wp-image-37173 size-large" src="https://www.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Cyril-Ramaphosa_GL-1024x682.jpg" alt="" width="740" height="493" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Cyril-Ramaphosa_GL-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Cyril-Ramaphosa_GL-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Cyril-Ramaphosa_GL-600x400.jpg 600w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Cyril-Ramaphosa_GL-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Cyril-Ramaphosa_GL.jpg 1241w" sizes="(max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px" />Cyril Ramaphosa. Photo by Gypseenia Lion</div>
&nbsp;
<blockquote> “It [The Fourth Industrial Revolution] has the potential to solve many of the social problems we face, by better equipping us to combat disease, hunger and environmental degradation.”</blockquote>
The 10th summit, hosted in South Africa for a second time, was held from July 25 to 27. It brought together a galaxy of delegates, government officials, business people and the media at the Sandton Convention Centre.
Roads were barricaded amid heavy police and military presence, with strict no-flying zones applied as Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping, among some of the world’s most reclusive leaders, spent a night or two under African skies.
Under the theme, ‘BRICS in Africa: collaboration for inclusive growth and shared prosperity in the 4th Industrial Revolution’, the focus of the summit was issues and solutions to achieve inclusive growth through collaboration.
Technology, big data and innovation were amongst the most operative words. Ramaphosa set the agenda by highlighting the role technology will play years from now.
“The technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution provide developing and emerging economies with the opportunity to leapfrog the technologies of the preceding revolutions.
“It aims to translate the vision of the second decade of BRICS cooperation into reality through deepened cooperation on industrialization, innovation, inclusiveness and investment,” he said.
India’s Prime minister, Narendra Modi, emphasized the need for shared policies and collaboration in order to unlock the opportunities of the future.
But, he added, the consequences of the revolution may be difficult to predict.
“Whatever happens will be far-reaching. We need to discuss how we will prepare for it. Traditionally, manufacturing will continue being a source of jobs for our youth. We need to make changes in our approach and make sure that schools prepare our youth for the changes,” said Modi.
The BRICS Youth Forum started off as an idea during a meeting between the heads of the five states in South Africa in 2014.
Encouraging dialogue with regard to youth policies and employment, the forum has notched some progress.
<a href="http://www.forbesafrica.com/woman/2018/09/10/why-we-need-hard-cash-into-the-economy/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">READ MORE: Why We Need ‘Hard Cash In The Economy</a>
South Africa’s Minister of Higher Education and Training, Naledi Pandor, said the youth forum consolidated a set of messages that was to be sent to the BRICS leaders.
“The youth have begun to speak, they believe BRICS should be a solid formation and they have ideas on how the youth should collaborate to ensure that the BRICS idea is not just the idea of our generation but one that exists in perpetuity,” she said.
As argued by the South African Minister of Science and Technology, Mmamoloko Kubayi-Ngubane, collaboration between the youth from the five states will take the form of what she called “young researchers’ exchange”.
For Kubayi-Ngubane,“the inclusion of young people especially with regard to new tech and innovations should be prioritized as much as  the formal trade collaboration.
“Innovation [is] becoming the cornerstone for our economy going forward,” she told FORBES AFRICA.
<div id="attachment_37174" style="width: 750px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-37174" decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="wp-image-37174 size-large" src="https://www.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Family-photo_km-1024x681.jpg" alt="" width="740" height="492" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Family-photo_km-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Family-photo_km-300x199.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Family-photo_km-600x399.jpg 600w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Family-photo_km-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Family-photo_km.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px" />(left to right) India&#8217;s Prime Minister Narendra Modi, President of China Xi Jinping, South Africa&#8217;s President Cyril Ramaphosa, President of Russia Vladimir Putin and the President of Brazil Michel Temer. Photo by Karen Mwendera.</div>
The BRICS countries, which account for 40% of the world’s population, have not been laggards with regard to technological advancements, with the World Economic Forum noting in 2016 that four of them – South Africa, Brazil, China and Russia – are in the top 100 list of countries with the latest technologies.
The President of BRICS’ New Development Bank, K V Kamath, says that some of their big investments “include power, port and renewable power”.
Analysts predict that BRICS could become as influential as the Group 7 (the USA, Japan, Germany, France, Britain, Canada and Italy) by 2027.
Therefore, the collaboration of BRICS nations is a key strategy to strengthen not just political powers but technological capabilities as well.
However, this collaboration calls for the redefinition of borders and going against the norms of sovereignty.
During the summit, emphasis was placed on establishing open economies. This would help foster easier trade between BRICS countries.
Within the hallways of the convention center, presidents Jinping and Ramaphosa shared a joke as they walked side by side towards the stage. They had caught up earlier.
China has dominated the trade relationship with South Africa, with some analysts going so far as to suggest that the world’s second largest economy is dumping goods in South Africa.
Dressed in black and a blue tie, the Chinese president said he was delighted to visit the Rainbow Nation once again and used his opening address to drive home a message clearly directed at US President Donald Trump.
“We BRICS countries should firmly promote an open world economy, be resolute in rejecting unilateralism and protectionism, promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, and jointly steer the global economy toward greater openness, inclusiveness, balanced growth and win-win outcomes for all,” he told the 1,000-plus business leaders present.
Among those present at the summit was Alan Mukoki, CEO of the South African Chamber of Commerce and Industry, which groups approximately 20,000 small, medium and large enterprises.
Mukoki said as desirable as having open economies among the BRICS countries is, it may have negative implications for those members not as developed as the others.
“You need to manage those things correctly, you need to say ‘let’s all start on an equal footing’. We start together and then when we are equal, we can then go and race an open race,” he told FORBES AFRICA.
“Even though I look fit, you can’t say that I should run the same race as Usain Bolt. It is not going to happen…otherwise we will destroy and decimate the economies of the region. South Africa’s economy cannot be big if the economies of the region are actually small,” he said.
Mukoki said the right mechanisms and strategies should be put in place in order for each member state to compete equally.
Others however remain hopeful.
South Africa’s Minister of Trade and Industry, Rob Davies, chose his words carefully when describing what South Africa is looking for regarding trade and investment in an open economy.
“It’s all about building regional value chains allowing us to up the value chain and become more sophisticated producers of industrial products and more value-added products,” he told FORBES AFRICA.
For South Africa, the involvement in BRICS is an opportunity to strengthen intra-Africa ties. A number of countries
<div id="attachment_37176" style="width: 310px" class="wp-caption alignright"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-37176" decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="wp-image-37176 size-medium" src="https://www.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Break-the-Brics_GL-300x200.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="200" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Break-the-Brics_GL-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Break-the-Brics_GL-600x400.jpg 600w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Break-the-Brics_GL-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Break-the-Brics_GL-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Break-the-Brics_GL.jpg 1736w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" />Trevor Ngwane, coordinator of the Break the BRICS coalition, hands over a memorandum of demands to South African Minister of Public Works, Thembelani Nxesi. The Group gathered outside the Sandton Convention Centre claiming BRICS in &#8220;anti-poor&#8221;. Photo by Gypseenia Lion.</div>
were invited to an outreach program of the BRICS summit, including Ethiopia, Angola, Zambia, Namibia, Senegal, Jamaica, Gabon, Togo, Uganda and Rwanda. Each presented opportunities to deepen their partnerships with BRICS countries.
&nbsp;
“BRICS is not in competition with anyone, BRICS seeks to work with the entire global community for the betterment of humankind,” said Anil Sooklal, ambassador for BRICS, to FORBES AFRICA.
“The summit is not the end, the summit is the beginning of a process.”
&#8211; By Gypseenia Lion and Karen Mwendera

dps2_gl

Towards An Open World Economy

By the time the next World Cup rolls around, Nigeria captain John Mikel Obi will be 34.
Considering coach Gernot Rohr’s deliberate moves to lower the average age of the Super Eagles (Nigeria’s national football team), it’s doubtful if the silky midfielder will still be suiting up in green-white-green by then.
It would appear that Russia 2018 will mark one final top-level hurrah in Mikel’s illustrious career, one that has seen him win everything in European club football and represent his country at all levels and in every major competition.
Like many former Super Eagles’ captains before him ahead of a major championship, Mikel, who now plays in the Chinese Super League with Tianjin Teda, is coy about his post World Cup plans.
“I don’t know what I will do after the World Cup,” he tells FORBES AFRICA.
“I think we have to focus on doing well first and making the country proud.”
Despite all he has achieved, there is still some debate as to whether the former teenage prodigy has fulfilled his potential, but Russia presents him with an opportunity to forge a legacy and grow his legend further.
It’s a sign of how highly he was thought of when he first burst on the scene that this is even a debate after he has racked up an impressive collection of trophies, including multiple Premier League titles with Chelsea, the FA Cup, UEFA Champions League, Europa League, and the Africa Cup of Nations titles.
<a href="http://www.forbesafrica.com/cover-story/2018/05/02/big-money-big-dreams-africas-chances-at-the-world-cup/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">READ MORE: Big Money, Big Dreams: Africa’s Chances At The World Cup</a>
At Mikel’s first international game, an African Under-17 World Cup qualifier against South Africa in Kaduna, visiting coach Serame Letsoaka said of the emerging starlet:
“Your number 10 is a special player, he has the potential to be a great player.”
Letsoaka was not alone. By the time the country returned from an ultimately unsuccessful 
FIFA Under-17 World Cup Finals in 2003, Mikel was already marked down for greatness in Nigeria.
Less than two years later, that attention went global when he became the subject of a three-way transfer controversy involving Chelsea, Manchester United and Norwegian club Lyn Oslo.
By the time the dust settled, Mikel ended up at Chelsea, where many Nigerians still believe his creative juices were squeezed and stifled by manager José Mourinho.
For Mikel himself, the argument is moot and he seems satisfied with his achievements, though leading Nigeria past the quarter-finals of the World Cup would perhaps even be the highlight.
“I think I have been lucky. I have had a good career, played for one of the best football clubs in the world, with some great players and won a lot of titles. I think that is a great honor for me.”
And he has gone from budding starlet to senior player in a captaincy role that always comes with great expectation and responsibility.
It is something that he has taken on and he knows that leadership on and off the pitch will be as important as anything else in Russia.
“I remember when I came into the national team as a young player, a lot of the older players helped me. Now, we have a young team, time has gone so fast and I have to help these guys too.”
Promoted from the Under-20 squad after helping Nigeria to a silver medal and winning the Silver Ball behind Lionel Messi at the FIFA World Youth Championship in 2005, Mikel was named in Nigeria’s squad for the 2006 Africa Cup of Nations and announced himself with a goal and assist after coming on as a substitute.
Already heightened expectations went into overdrive. With midfield legend Austin Okocha (Nigerian former professional footballer) on his last legs, Mikel was immediately installed as the next Jay-Jay.
Mikel, with a more direct, technical skill-set, is the direct opposite of Okocha’s more flair-oriented toolbox, which not only made that characterization unfair, but also spawned that unending debate about (un)fulfilled potential.
And it is. Since being named captain two years ago, Mikel has shown a level of leadership and drive that few believed he had.
Those qualities, both on and off the pitch, contributed in large parts to Nigeria’s uncharacteristically drama-free World Cup qualification campaign.
On the pitch, and unshackled with the freedom to roam handed to him by Rohr, Mikel drove the team forward almost by sheer force of will, with his goals against Algeria and then Cameroon major turning points in Nigeria’s qualification run.
<a href="http://www.forbesafrica.com/sport/2017/11/29/grounded-super-eagle-wants-fly-next-world-cup/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">READ MORE: The Grounded Super Eagle Who Wants To Fly To The Next World Cup</a>
Off the pitch, Mikel’s quiet diplomatic approach with officialdom to resolve team issues contrasted with the confrontational methods of the past and helped forge harmony within the squad.
“He is our captain and he is very important for us,” Rohr never tires of saying at every opportunity, clearly delighted to be working with a personality he feels is similar to his own.
Such is the respect Mikel commands within the squad that he is almost like a centrifugal force whenever he is present. And even when he is not, his aura still hovers around the team.
In two recent friendlies against Poland and Serbia in March, there seemed to be a general consensus that the team lacked cohesion without the captain.
In his absence, the Super Eagles struggled to maintain any semblance of fluidity or create opportunities.
Which may be why he almost feels a heavy responsibility to guide this young side, who will have one of the lowest squad average ages, to a good tournament.
But it hasn’t just been words. He has done it already, dipping into his own pocket to pay the team costs as they prepared for the Olympic Games in 2016.
Not many expect Nigeria to go beyond their best previous World Cup outing of the Round of 16. But if there is one thing that Mikel’s career has shown, it is that collecting trophies have become second nature.
His first World Cup tournament ended in a first-round exit, albeit by a drawing of lots. What odds that his last, where Nigeria faced Argentina, Iceland and Croatia, would finish at the other end of the spectrum?
&#8211; By Colin Udoh

FBL-OLY-2016-RIO-HON-NGR

Nigeria’s John Mikel Obi Counts Himself Lucky

Not only is the Football World Cup the most watched sporting event in the world, it is also among the most lucrative. It makes more money than any other sporting spectacle apart from the Olympic Games and attracts more eyeballs than anything else on the small screen.
The 2014 World Cup reached almost half the global population of 7 billion people, according to a report released by FIFA and Kantar Media. In-home television audiences were reported at 3.2 billion people, with the final viewed by a billion people – and everything about the World Cup just keeps super-sizing.
In 2026, 48 teams will compete at the World Cup, 16 more than the current field of 32; 80 matches will be played, 18 more than the current 64; and revenue will skyrocket with FIFA’s early calculations suggesting a more than $700 million hike in profits.
While those eye-popping numbers can be ogled at and analyzed over the next nine years, for this year’s tournament FIFA have continued the trend of increasing the prize money for the World Cup, which has happened for the last five editions. In 2018, rewards have increased by 40%.
A total of $400 million will be shared among the 32 participating teams, with each team set to finish with a minimum of $9.5 million ($1.5 million in preparation fee and $8 million for a group stage exit). The winners will take home $38 million.
That’s a lot of many to dish out for an organization that spent a significant time between May 2015 and February 2016 muddling through a massive corruption scandal, which resulted in 18 people and two corporations being indicted and a complete change of the guard.
Sepp Blatter&#8217;s 17-year reign at FIFA was ended when he was slapped with an eight-year ban (since reduced to six years) for an unethical offering of a cash gift and conflicts of interest. He was replaced in an interim capacity by Cameroon’s Issa Hayatou, who served president of the Confederation of African Football for 29 years and was initially accused of accepting a bribe, a charge he denied. In fact, no-one involved in the scandal was African, though a payment of $10 million from Danny Jordaan – president of the South African Football Association – to FIFA, which was then sent on to Jack Warner, head of the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association, apparently intended as developmental support, was key in Warner’s downfall. Jordaan escaped unscathed.
Hayatou was never intended to be a long-term appointment and handed over to Gianni Infantino in 2016. At 46 years old, Infantino became the youngest FIFA president since the Second World War, but has yet to properly win the hearts or minds of the football-following public.
A survey endorsed by Transparency International in March last year, 12 months after Infantino took over, revealed that 53% of the 25,000 fans who responded to the questionnaire do not have confidence in FIFA as an organization, while 98% of people claimed to still be concerned about corruption. More tellingly, for the purposes of this story and the tournament that will take place in June, 43% of people disapproved of Russia as hosts for the World Cup.
Some of that sentiment stems from the process of allocating World Cup hosts, which was investigated and shown to be questionable, some of had come from Russia’s involvement in the Ukraine and the third group of nay-sayers would have been those appalled by the history of racism in the Russian game, something that remains of particular concern for African players. Feelings aside, on June 14 the first whistle will blow and the tournament will kick off.
FIFA will hope the flagship event will take some of the focus off a turbulent last few years and pave the way for a more transparent and inclusive future. Here is a complete guide to what the organization is hoping can be forgotten, how the World Cup will be funded and what the African continent can hope to achieve from sport’s greatest showpiece.
<h2>Financial Losses and Forecasts</h2>
The effects of the scandal that dogged FIFA through most of 2015 were largely financial. An article published by The Economist in June 2017, revealed that FIFA lost three times more money in 2016 than in 2015 – $369 million – and were forecasting an even greater deficit in 2017, of $489 million. But in March 2018, FIFA’s annual report revealed losses of only $191.5 million in 2017, leading to the organization declaring itself as having had a “successful year for all key financial parameters”.  Still, FIFA’s reserves, which had been above $1 billion since 2008, dipped.
<a href="http://www.forbesafrica.com/politics/2015/07/01/fbi-tackles-fifa/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">READ MORE: The FBI Tackles Fifa</a>
Not all of the loss was due to the scandal; it was also attributed to more funding for members and changes to the accounting system. Legal bills more than doubled, from $20 million in 2015 to $50 million in 2016, and FIFA invested in a museum which cost $190 million, which added to their total costs.
FIFA anticipates a smoother financial road in its next four-year cycle and expects to earn $6.65 billion between 2019 and 2022 inclusive. It also plans to raise payouts to member associations in that time, with each to receive $1.5 million, an increase of $250,000 and FIFA hopes to end the 2022 World Cup with reserves of $1.9 billion.
“I am very pleased to see that Fifa is able to deliver on its promises,” Infantino said. “We had committed to restoring trust in the organization and boosting investments for the development of football worldwide. This is now a reality.”
<h2>Sponsorship</h2>
A major consequence of the corruption scandal was the loss of sponsors, which make up a significant portion of World Cup revenue. Big name companies such as Sony, Emirates, Castrol and Johnson &amp; Johnson opted not to renew their contracts. By June last year, FIFA had only secured 12 sponsors out of 34 for the World Cup and only one of them was Russian, Moscow’s Alfa-Bank. “With one year to go, this situation is unheard of,” Michael Payne, a former marketing chief for the International Olympic Committee told The Economist at the time.
Since then, FIFA have lined up several more firms, many of them Chinese. Wanda, a private-property developer, electronics company HiSense, smartphone maker Vivo, dairy company Mengniu, and electric vehicle firm Yadea, were all signed on by February as Chinese interest in FIFA grows.
“Mengniu is one of the biggest dairy producers in the world and is a strong brand in the Chinese market. Growing the game worldwide is one of our key priorities, and we now have another strong official sponsor in such an important region,” FIFA’s commercial manager Philippe Le Floc’h said when the dairy company signed off.
China’s interest in FIFA is particularly intriguing because of the country’s interest in hosting the World Cup. Chinese president Xi Jinping met with Infantino last June and a statement released by FIFA said Jinping had “expressed his hope, and the dream of many Chinese people, that the country would have the opportunity to host a FIFA Men’s World Cup at some stage in the future.”
Though China has not made any official statements about bidding for a tournament, speculation is high that they are interested in either the 2030 or 2034 edition.
Meanwhile, Qatar Airways have replaced Emirates until 2022, the year in which the World Cup will be held in Qatar.
<h2>Africa’s Big Five </h2>
This year, the continent will be represented by three North African and two West African teams, but current Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) champions Cameroon are not among them. Neither are any teams from the east or south of the continent, which largely stems from the professional experience of players from these regions. North and West African players often gain experience in European leagues, especially France, while players in the east and south are less likely to find deals abroad.
Big things will be expected from the five nations, especially as no African team has progressed beyond the quarterfinals of a World Cup. A final four finish will be considered a major triumph as the continent continues to dream of its first world champions.
<a href="http://www.forbesafrica.com/politics/2016/02/01/111-years-fifa-not-african/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">READ MORE: ‘For 111 Years Fifa Has Not Had An African’</a>
On paper, Tunisia enter the tournament as the best hope. They are the highest-ranked side of the continent, 23rd overall, and have not been at the World Cup since 2006. They have never got past the group stage but with players like Youssef Msakni, who scored a hat-trick against Guinea during qualification and has netted 14 times in 51 international appearances, that could change. The challenge begins early, with their opening match to be played against England, something coach Nabil Maâloul believes will be a true test of character against players from what he calls “the best league in the world.”
For nostalgic reasons, Senegal may be the team considered most likely to break into the semi-finals. They are still regarded as darlings of Africa after they stole hearts with their surge to the 2002 quarterfinals, in their maiden World Cup. They have not been to the tournament since and may not have made it to this one but for a case of match-fixing in the qualifiers, which allowed them to replay a match against South Africa. Their coach, Aliou Cissé, was the captain in 2002, so he will be coming full circle for this event. Their hopes will rest on Sadio Mane, who was the most expensive African transfer when he was bought by Liverpool for $48.2 million on a five-year deal in 2016.
Morocco are Africa’s third-side, ranked 42nd, and have not been to the World Cup since 1998. Their coach Hervé Renard has overseen two successful AFCON campaigns, with Zambia in 2012 and Ivory Coast in 2015. Morocco’s strength is their defence, after they finished unbeaten during the qualifiers without conceding a single goal. Their captain, Medhi Benatia, is regarded as the most accomplished member of their squad. He plays for Italian giants Juventus and Morocco will need his experience in a tough group that includes Spain and Portugal.
Egypt have been away from the global game longest, having last played in a World Cup in 1990. Since then, everything about Egypt has changed, with the Arab Spring having profound effects on society and sport. The football league was cancelled for two seasons between 2011 and 2013 and the game suffered tremendously. Despite being seven-time AFCON champions, Egypt failed to qualify for the 2012, 2013 and 2015 editions of the tournament and have also never won a World Cup game. Now, they can change that. In their squad is the veteran goalkeeper Essam El-Hadary, who is 44 years old and will play in his first World Cup, and 25-year-old Liverpool forward Mohamed Salah, who has been compared to Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo recently. He has scored 32 goals in 56 internationals, including five during World Cup qualifying, the joint-highest in the campaign.
Lowest ranked among the African sides at 52nd overall, but perhaps with the highest expectation, is Nigeria, who are making their third successive World Cup appearance and seventh overall. They were the first African team to qualify for the World Cup, a surprise considering they missed out on the last two AFCONs. They have a strong squad which includes John Obi Mikel, a Chelsea stalwart who has since moved to China, Chelsea’s Victor Moses and 21-year-old striker Kelechi Iheanacho, who played for Manchester City before moving to Leicester City. Nigeria have been drawn with Argentina for the fifth time at a World Cup and that will be their key clash on the field. Off the field, Nigeria have long had problems between the players and the football federation surrounding bonuses around World Cups. An agreement on a pay structure was reached late last year.

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<h2>Racism </h2>
There is a danger, however, that the performances of Africa’s teams will be affected by the reception they receive in the tournament’s host nation. Russia is the country in which African footballers have faced the most brazen forms of racism. In 2015, anti-discrimination group Fare revealed research of over 100 incidents of racist behavior in Russian football over two seasons and high-profile players, including Ivorian superstar Yaya Touré and Cameroon’s Samuel Eto’o, have complained about being on the receiving end of monkey chants. Touré has even offered his assistance to World Cup organizers to prevent the abuse continuing.
“I have been abused by racism and because those things happened to me, I try to be involved and I want to help those people who don&#8217;t have a voice to control this situation,” Toure said. “For me to defend an African boy in this situation is a blessing. What we are looking to do is to try and stop those idiotic people doing that. We have to be focused and have fair play everywhere.”
Touré’s help has not been taken up but Russia has appointed an anti-racism official Alexei Tolkachev, who admitted to The New York Times in 2015 that as young man, he participated in monkey chants, like many compatriots of the same age. “They do it because it was done before and because they don’t know any better,” he said. While Tolkachev advocated for greater education, he also shrugged off the problem, even though FIFA have indicated they will take it seriously.
Infantino has given referees the power to stop or even abandon matches if discriminatory incidents take place and recent evidence suggest that could well be the case. In January this year, Russian club Spartak Moscow posted a video on Twitter of three of its own Brazilian players, Luiz Adriano, Pedro Rocha and Fernando in training in the United Arab Emirates with the words, “See how chocolates melt in the sun.” The tweet was deleted but not before anti-discrimination group Fare condemned the club for showing, “a shocking level of ignorance.” The players involved, who are all black, later denied that any racism existed in Russian football.
<h2>Kick off </h2>
Despite myriad concerns facing the World Cup, it will go ahead and though there is much to discuss and debate, there is also much to look forward to.
For the first time, video assistant referees will be used at a World Cup, showing a move to embrace technology in decision making. In total, 100,000 jobs have been created and 30,000 volunteers will be used. Russia expects over a million visitors as fans from around the world make their way to the tournament, three million to fill the stadiums and more than three billion to watch on television. The numbers are staggering and only confirm that no matter what happens behind the scenes, the World Cup remains an all-encompassing global spectacle.
Let’s hope Egypt, Morocco, Nigeria, Senegal and Tunisia make Africa proud.
&#8211; By Firdose Moonda

Football players shooting

Big Money, Big Dreams: Africa’s Chances At The World Cup

Hundreds of fake Facebook accounts and Pages that were likely affiliated with one another and operated out of Russia bought $100,000 in political advertisements on the social network over the past two years, Facebook said in a statement. Facebook shared its findings with U.S. authorities investigating Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.
The fake accounts and Pages were allegedly connected to a “shadowy” Russian company seeking to target voters, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/facebook-says-it-sold-political-ads-to-russian-company-during-2016-election/2017/09/06/32f01fd2-931e-11e7-89fa-bb822a46da5b_story.html?utm_term=.d0be98616b7a" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according to a report in The Washington Post </a>on Wednesday. The company, called the Internet Research Agency, is known for using fake accounts to comment on news stories and post on social media. U.S. intelligence agencies said in January that the likely backer of the Internet Research Agency is a close ally of Russian President Vladimir Putin. Congressional investigators and special counsel Robert Mueller are probing allegations of Russian interference in the U.S. election and possible coordination with members of President Donald Trump&#8217;s campaign. In January, U.S. intelligence agencies concluded that the Russian government, under orders from Putin, hacked Democratic targets in an effort to hamper Hillary Clinton’s election prospects and aid Trump’s.
<a href="http://www.forbesafrica.com/current-affairs/2017/08/14/even-minor-nuclear-war-ecological-disaster-felt-throughout-world/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Even a &#8216;minor&#8217; nuclear war would be an ecological disaster felt throughout the world </a>
While the ad spending figure is small, Facebook’s findings raise questions about the extent of Russian involvement in the U.S. election and how misinformation on social media may have affected voters. Under federal law, foreign governments and foreign nationals are prohibited from making contributions or spending money to influence a federal, state or local election in the U.S. Facebook briefed the House and Senate intelligence committees about the findings on Wednesday.
These 470 fake accounts and Pages purchased approximately 3,000 ads focused on divisive social and political topics such as LGBT matters, race, immigration and gun rights, Facebook <a href="https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/09/information-operations-update/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">said in a blog post</a> by chief security officer Alex Stamos. The large majority of the ads did not specifically reference the U.S. presidential election, voting or a particular candidate. The ads were purchased between June 2015 to May 2017, and about a quarter of the total ads were geographically targeted. Facebook shut down the inauthentic accounts and Pages that were still active, because fake accounts violate the social network’s policy, the company said.
“There have been a lot of questions since the 2016 US election about Russian interference in the electoral process,” Stamos wrote in the blog post. “One question that has emerged is whether there’s a connection between the Russian efforts and ads purchased on Facebook. These are serious claims and we’ve been reviewing a range of activity on our platform to help understand what happened.”
Facebook said it has also done a broad search for ads that might have originated in Russia, for example, ads purchased from accounts with U.S. IP addresses but with the language set to Russian. In this search, Facebook said it found an additional $50,000 in advertising spending with a potential Russian connection across about 2,200 ads.
Facebook has taken a series of new steps since the U.S. presidential election to crack down on the spread of misinformation on the social network, including launching a third-party fact-checking program and improving artificial intelligence technology that can detect fake accounts. In August, Facebook said it will no longer allow Pages that repeatedly share false news to advertise on Facebook. The company also curbs the spread of stories from sources that consistently post clickbait headlines. In the past few months, Facebook has taken steps to block fake accounts in Germany and France.
Stamos said Facebook is looking into a range of improvements to keep inauthentic accounts and bad actors off of its platform. For example, Facebook is testing ways to use its technology for detecting fake accounts to better detect inauthentic Pages and the ads they could run. The company is also experimenting with tools to stop the creation of inauthentic accounts at the time they are formed. &#8211; Written by <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/kathleenchaykowski/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-ga-track="contrib block byline">Kathleen Chaykowski</a>, FORBES STAFF

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Facebook Says Fake Accounts Likely Tied To Russia Bought $100,000 In Political Ads

Anti-terrorism and transactional relationships are likely be the main features of US President Donald Trump’s Africa policy. But if Trump’s proposed cuts to the state department hold, the US will be less and less of a presence on the continent, according to <a href="http://www.businessofgovernment.org/bio/gregory-f-treverton" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Prof Gregory F Treverton</a>, who directed the US <a href="https://fas.org/irp/nic/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">National Intelligence Council</a> in the Obama Administration.
Treverton, who is currently Professor of Practice at the <a href="https://www.usc.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">University of Southern California</a>, is a world authority on security and intelligence. I put a number of questions to Treverton who visited South Africa recently to deliver the keynote address at a <a href="http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/dirco0714.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">South African Council on International Relations</a> conference on South Africa’s relations with Africa.
Why is Donald Trump’s foreign policy so incomprehensible?
I wish I knew! It’s a continual struggle between, on the one hand, the true believers, the American firsters who are anti-trade and anti-engagement in what they see as an unfriendly world, and on the other more traditional conservative Republicans.
The pattern has been that the more traditional conservative Republicans, like the Secretaries of State and Defence, tug policy in a more familiar direction, only to have the president blow the process up with a tweet condemning the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/paris-climate-agreement" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Paris climate agreement</a> or <a href="http://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/30/trumps-tweet-tirade-against-germany-could-backfire-on-us.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">labelling</a> Germany an unfair trader. The intensity of the struggle is reflected in the continuing haemorrhage of leaks, all from the very top of the administration.
Didn’t the post-Second World War liberal international order need a shake up?
Yes, and perhaps in that sense we’ll end up thanking Trump, if, and this is a big if, we get through the next years without a major crisis or too much broken crockery. Some of Trump’s complaints, like (America’s Western) allies bearing too little of the burden, have been true for a long time. And the reaction by Americans to the sense that they pay too much for the “public goods” of international economics and security has been going on for a long time.
Polls routinely show that Americans <a href="http://www.politifact.com/global-news/statements/2016/nov/09/john-kerry/yep-most-people-clueless-us-foreign-aid-spending/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">think</a> the country spends on foreign aid 20 or 30 times what it actually does. So, too, the questioning of what we all too easily call the “liberal international order” has been growing over time.
You suggested that Russia under <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/vladimir-putin" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vladimir Putin</a>, is a declining power. Doesn’t the evidence point in the other direction?
It surely is a declining power, though Putin has played a weak hand extraordinarily well. It is in demographic decline, and far from modernising the Russian economy, Putin has only deepened its dependence on hydrocarbons. My fear is that as the country declines, it will be all the more tempted to turn to what tools it retains – cyber attacks and nuclear sabre-rattling.
How do you think Trump’s Africa policy will turn out?
In <a href="http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/01/11/rex-tillerson-pick-for-secretary-of-state-breaks-with-trump-on-key-issues/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">testifying</a> before Congress, Secretary of State <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38281954" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rex Tillerson</a> probably was as clear as the administration could be given its disarray. Africa was in the “turning to other countries” category, and he began with the fight against terrorism. He did, though, mention the economic opportunities in Africa, mostly in the sense of business that might be done. I suspect those will continue to be the emphasis.
So does this mean that anti-terrorism and transactional relationships will be the main features of Trump’s Africa policy?
I think they will continue to be the main drivers, for better or worse, though not the only drivers. The country will have to respond to major humanitarian crises whether the administration wants to or not. And some of the legacy programmes of the last two administrations, like the <a href="https://agoa.info/about-agoa.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">African Growth and Opportunity Act</a>, or the <a href="https://www.pepfar.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief </a> have had bipartisan support, so we’ll see how they fare in the congressional budget process.
And, if this is so, what are the long-term implications of this for US relations with the continent?
If Trump’s proposed cuts to the <a href="https://www.state.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">State Department</a> and <a href="https://www.usaid.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">USAID</a> hold, the US will be less and less of a presence on the continent. The main beneficiary, diplomatically, will be China, followed by the Europeans and perhaps even Russia, though it doesn’t have much to contribute except arms sales.
If there is any silver lining, perhaps it will be that Africans, and particularly South Africans, will realise they have to take more initiative on their own.
When it comes to the US itself, you raised the possibility that it might break up? Were you speaking in abstract terms, or is this a real possibility?
I meant it mostly as a metaphor and as a touchstone for thinking about the future. I don’t think it’s likely, but it does have to be considered.
What is certain is that the next few years will be a kind if a guerrilla war, one mostly fought in the courts, between the US federal government and the “blue” (read Democratic Party-controlled) states, led by California, over climate change, immigration and other issues.
What does the Trump presidency mean for these ideas?
So far it seems bound to increase the divide in America. Trump has talked and acted entirely to please his base. He has played on fear, fanning it by portraying the country in dire straits surrounded by a hostile world. So far that base – especially older and often poorer white Americans – seems to have been satisfied by word, words they see as validating them.
But we’ve known from the beginning that Trump can’t deliver on his promises: those “good” low-skilled jobs in manufacturing or mining (as he has portrayed them) aren’t coming back. So we’ll see, but I expect that realisation to only deepen the anger and disaffection. &#8211; Written by <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/peter-vale-189558" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Peter Vale</a>
The co-hosts of the conference Treverton addressed were the <a href="https://www.uj.ac.za/faculties/humanities/JIAS" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Johannesburg Institute for Advanced Study</a> (JIAS) and the <a href="https://www.wits.ac.za/wsg/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Wits School of Public Management</a>.
Originally published by <a href="https://theconversation.com/africa" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Conversation</a>
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Look to China for the main beneficiary of America’s likely retreat from Africa

Google&#8217;s <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2017/03/22/google-android-government-surveillance-fight/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">proud of its track record</a> in protecting more than one billion Android phones and tablets from malevolent hackers. But in the last 12 months, it&#8217;s been dealt a few blows, including the <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2017/05/26/google-shuts-down-massive-ad-fraud-on-play-store/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">biggest ad fraud to ever hit its mobile operating system</a> and the <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2016/11/30/gooligan-android-malware-1m-google-account-breaches-check-point-finds/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">most significant single theft of Google accounts</a> thanks to an Android malware called Gooligan.
Those alarming events were set off via networks of cybercriminals focused on the platform, where coders combine their technical skills with the will and financial backing of organized gangs. Sometimes, the latter group don&#8217;t even have to pay for the former&#8217;s digital tools. Sometimes, the technically-savvy types open their minds for free.
That&#8217;s just what a character calling himself Maza-In did just before last Christmas, when he or she posted an in-depth guide on the Exploit.in hacker forum for creating Android &#8220;bankers&#8221; &#8211; malware designed to steal bank login details from users of Google&#8217;s platform. The post not only included directions, but source code for a banker too. There was also a description of the required backend infrastructure, all of which combined could deliver realistic-looking bank pages designed to trick victims into handing over their usernames and passwords.
And now, Android security experts have <a href="http://blog.checkpoint.com/2017/05/16/the-mobile-banker-threat-from-end-to-end/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">pinned</a> a spike in banking malware on Maza-In and that post. They claim that Maza-In, in one fell swoop, caused a sudden leap in Android banking fraud, as cybercriminals took that open sourced code and adapted it to spread both in and outside Google’s official Play store. According to an independent researcher going by the moniker <a href="http://b0n1.blogspot.co.uk/2017/05/tracking-android-bankbot.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">b0n1</a>, as many as 60 variants of malware containing the Maza-In banker have been pushed out into the wider world by hackers hoping to make some easy money.
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Check Point, which has been tracking the mini-explosion in Android bank fraud with ElevenPaths, a Telefónica security unit, told Forbes it had records of several dozen servers operating Maza-In&#8217;s malware, the largest of which controlled close to 3,000 bots. ElevenPaths said that, from Google Play alone, downloads of apps based on Maza-In&#8217;s code stood at above 10,000 and expected to rise, not to mention the number of downloads outside the store.
Those aren&#8217;t massive numbers. But what Maza-In and those who adapted his work for their own machinations have proven repeatedly are flaws in Google Play&#8217;s security, namely the Bouncer technology that&#8217;s supposed to keep bad apples out. Just two weeks ago, a sample of BankBot, based on Maza-In&#8217;s creation, was seen inside Google Play initially disguised as a video downloader tool. On June 13th, a very similar looking video downloader was up on the market; underneath was, again, a banker using Maza-In&#8217;s work. Going further back to April, a malware called Charger, which also borrowed heavily from Maza-In, was doing much the same, but masquerading as a flashlight app inside the official store, <a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/04/19/turn-light-give-passwords/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ESET reported</a>. All were removed from Google Play as soon as the tech giant was alerted, but not before thousands were infected.
&#8220;Before this Maza-In code, there were a lot of Android banking Trojans, for sure,&#8221; said ElevenPaths security researcher Sergio de los Santos. “But accessing the source code was not easy and this helps all kinds of people create variants and even get into Google Play. Giving a very simple and effective framework to create and manage your own banking Trojan opens the door to hundreds of profiles of attackers that want to get into business the easy way.
&#8220;Maza-in made it very simple to add different banks to attack, so you may see people from Latin America with their own samples focused on banks in there, UK people, Russians.&#8221;
A hacker responds
Maza-In says he is no cybercriminal, though. (As Maza-In uses a profile picture of Bob Marley, Forbes has chosen to refer to the hacker in the masculine). In an interview over encrypted chat, he said he only wanted to highlight weaknesses in Google’s operating system, not spawn a spike in Android cybercrime. He claimed, for instance, that despite security firms&#8217; claims he was behind the BankBot banker, another individual was responsible.
Yet he was aware of the criminal use of his code, revealing others, whether they&#8217;d given the malware additional features or not, were selling it for between $2,000 and $3,000 a pop on the web&#8217;s underground markets. &#8220;I did not expect it to work out that way, that it would spread so much,” he told me in Russian (translated by Google Translate).
&#8220;I did not write an article to harm people… I&#8217;m interested in studying the holey Android, since Google is not able to make a good operating system… by this I wanted to show the vulnerability of the Android and thought that Google would take care of security.&#8221; Unlike security pros who disclose bugs in return for credit or monetary reward, Maza-In said he didn&#8217;t contact Google.
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In describing just what he thought was wrong with Android security, he added: &#8220;The biggest problem is that the device can install any application, get full access to the device and can be substituted for fake banking applications [that can] intercept SMS [and] manage the device. In general, everything is possible.&#8221;
As for Check Point and ElevenPaths&#8217; assessment he was a malware creator supporting criminal operations, Maza-In said they&#8217;d exaggerated. He even claimed to be working on an Android anti-virus application.
But whilst analysts from both firms agree there&#8217;s no evidence he&#8217;s actively exploiting Android devices, they say it&#8217;s clear he is a malware creator who&#8217;s not followed best practise in highlighting security issues. &#8220;The blog contains explicit evidence that Maza-in is indeed behind the malware. He also boasted about his malware not being caught until January on one forum,&#8221; said Daniel Padon, mobile security researcher at Check Point. According to Lookout Mobile Security researcher Michael Flossman, Maza-In is just one handle used by a crew of Android fraudsters running all the aforementioned fraud malware.
&#8220;If you really want to show how unsecure Android is, you write an article about it, you code a proof of concept, you contact the right people to spread the word,&#8221; said de los Santos, explaining his disbelief at Maza-In&#8217;s claims to innocence.&#8221;But creating a Trojan? Oh, come on.&#8221;
Whatever the hacker&#8217;s involvement in the murkier parts of the internet, he and those who took advantage of his guide have given Google a headache. The company didn&#8217;t respond to requests for comment. But with the frequent appearances of these bankers on Google Play, it&#8217;s apparent the company has some work to do to keep ne&#8217;er-do-wells out of the market and users&#8217; Android devices. &#8211; Written by Thomas Fox-Brewster, FORBES STAFF

Tag: Russia

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