A fight over a vital federal tax credit intended to kickstart a market for clean hydrogen and worries over high production costs are cooling near-term expectations for the climate-friendly fuel.



Clean hydrogen has been heralded as a carbon-free fuel that’s key to efforts to remediate the climate crisis. It would help clean up dirty industries like chemical and steel production, be a source of clean transportation fuel and help the U.S. hit a goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions&nbsp;<a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/us-long-term-strategy.pdf" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">by 2050</a>. But getting things started isn’t going so well.



After years of hype, fundraising, and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2023/10/13/us-amps-up-clean-energy-push-with-50-billion-hydrogen-hub-plan/?sh=431f604144f9">billions of dollars of federal support</a>&nbsp;to get a green hydrogen market off the ground, there’s growing pessimism over how fast the carbon-free fuel can ramp up. Frustrated by proposed guidelines for a crucial government incentive that they deem too strict, companies including ExxonMobil and Plug Power are threatening to scrub or delay big hydrogen projects.



“Two years ago this was super-hyped. It was like, everybody&#8217;s exuberant,” Raffi Garabedian, CEO of <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2024/02/21/green-hydrogen-could-help-save-the-planet-this-startup-wants-to-make-it-cheap/?sh=1cd8fe4e2835">Electric Hydrogen</a>, told Forbes. “What’s happened is people started realizing, ‘Oh, shit, this thing I&#8217;ve been talking about for a while — the hype-to-reality ratio — projects aren&#8217;t getting built. I wonder why? People have started realizing this is really hard.”



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Clean hydrogen — particularly the “green” variety made from just water and renewable electricity — is central to the Biden Administration’s strategy for slashing carbon pollution. But proposed rules for a tax credit worth up to $3 a kilogram to offset the fuel’s higher production costs favor projects that rely on new renewable (or nuclear) power sources, which raises the cost substantially. Garabedian is fine with that, but some competitors say it’ll keep the price of green hydrogen too high. And ExxonMobil is unhappy that its approach — making hydrogen from natural gas but capturing the CO2 before it can escape into the atmosphere — probably won’t get the full credit.



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
Dirty hydrogen can be made for $1.06/kilogram. Green hydrogen costs up to four times as much.
</blockquote>



As with other low-carbon technologies, including solar panels, wind turbines and electric car batteries that had to conquer early high costs, clean hydrogen has to get cheaper to be competitive and impactful. But getting even to cost parity with the dirty industrial variety made from natural gas won’t be easy — it’s made for as little as&nbsp;<a href="https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=61763&amp;src=email" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">$1.06 a kilogram</a>. Green hydrogen costs about four times as much.



The world uses about 92 million tons of hydrogen a year, mainly for heavy industry. By the end of the decade, industry researcher Wood Mckenzie estimates clean hydrogen production could grow to about 14 million tons, from essentially nothing now. It’s an amount that would mark the start of critical mass for the fuel. But that’s about 1 million tons less than it had previously anticipated in late 2023.



“We expected some delays, but they&#8217;re a bit more than what we and others had thought,” said Murray Douglas, vice president for hydrogen research at Wood Mackenzie in Edinburgh, Scotland.



“It’s everything: the cost of the renewable generation; it’s the rules; it’s general cost inflation across all industries; and then it&#8217;s also convincing (customers) that they should sign up now, rather than waiting for costs to come down,” he said. “When you put these things together, you begin to get a more bearish view of 2030.”



That’s leading some fossil fuel companies to take a presumptive victory lap.



“We should abandon the fantasy of phasing out oil and gas, and instead invest in them adequately, reflecting realistic demand assumptions,” Amin Nasser, CEO of Aramco, the world’s largest oil company,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.aramco.com/en/news-media/speeches/2024/ceraweek-keynote-speech-by-amin-h-nasser" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">said</a>&nbsp;at S&amp;P Global’s recent CERAWeek conference in Houston. “Many of us have been saying for a long time that the world has been trying to transition in a fog, without a compass, on a road to nowhere.”



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-credit-critics">Credit Critics</h2>



Along with green hydrogen startups, incentives to ramp up a clean hydrogen industry need to compel fossil energy companies that are a big part of the climate problem to join in. But the plan as proposed doesn’t do that.



In a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.regulations.gov/comment/IRS-2023-0066-28305" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">letter to regulators</a>, the biggest U.S. oil company said a project in Baytown, Texas, that it’s touted as the world’s largest low-carbon hydrogen plant, is at risk from the proposed credit rules that don’t incentivize carbon capture and storage. If they’re not altered, “the cost of the hydrogen produced will be such that the market for low carbon hydrogen will not be catalyzed and our project, and possibly others, will not proceed,” wrote ExxonMobil vice president Jim Chapman in the letter.



Even Plug Power, an early leader in green hydrogen, isn’t pleased with having to use power from new, clean sources to get the full credit. The company told&nbsp;Forbes&nbsp;a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.plugpower.com/plugs-california-green-hydrogen-plant-saves-water-creates-new-energy-source/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">green hydrogen plant in California</a>&nbsp;intended to make 500 tons of carbon-free hydrogen a day may not open next year as planned due to the 45V tax credit proposal and other factors. (Its first such facility opened in Georgia this year, getting electricity to make hydrogen from a new nuclear power plant. All hydrogen made there will be eligible for the credit)



As currently proposed, “we think the U.S. now takes a real backstep to Europe on hydrogen,” Plug CEO Andy Marsh said in a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2023/12/22/green-hydrogen-makers-say-strict-federal-tax-credit-rules-will-stall-us-boom/?sh=7877597f2e1c">December 2023 interview</a>.



A final version of the credit rules is expected late this year, likely before the November election.



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-pricey-fuel">Pricey Fuel</h2>



ExxonMobil’s interest in making cleaner hydrogen is understandable. Like Aramco, it already uses huge amounts of conventional hydrogen — and ranks among the&nbsp;<a href="https://carbonmajors.org/briefing/The-Carbon-Majors-Database-26913" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">world’s largest sources of carbon pollution</a>. That’s not a good look as the worsening climate crisis brings new record temperatures on&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2024/04/09/march-record-global-heat/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">land</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/10/climate/ocean-heat-records.html" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">sea</a>&nbsp;almost weekly.



Given the global scale of its operations and cash reserves of more than $31 billion, ExxonMobil is well-positioned to be a leader in capturing and storing CO2 from its operations, making what’s known as blue hydrogen. But the Biden Administration has decided not to reward that approach.



A landmark&nbsp;<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ese3.956" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">study by Cornell scientist Robert Howarth</a>&nbsp;found that carbon capture and storage is energy-intensive and leads to even more climate pollution than if the CO2 just wafted into the air. Its greenhouse gas footprint is also “more than 20% greater than burning natural gas or coal for heat and some 60% greater than burning diesel oil for heat,” the study found.



Unlike petroleum-based fuels, there’s no commodity market price for hydrogen. It’s supplied directly from producers to consumers. Big users, like oil refineries and chemical plants, get it for the lowest cost. Others pay much more.



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
“The cost of hydrogen is running about 2.5 times more than for compressed natural gas.”Foothill Transit CEO Doran Barnes
</blockquote>



In California, the only U.S. market for hydrogen vehicles, Toyota-backed First Element operates dozens of fuel stations dispensing highly compressed hydrogen for an eye-popping $36 a kilogram to drivers of Toyota Mirai sedans and Hyundai Nexo SUVs. (The price is distorted by the fact that most hydrogen vehicle owners get prepaid cards for up to six years of free fuel.)



Prices are a bit better for Foothill Transit, a Los Angeles-area agency with three dozen hydrogen buses and that’s adding 20 more. It negotiated a multiyear rate from a hydrogen supplier of $9.12 a kilogram, said Foothill CEO Doran Barnes. And while the buses are reliable, “the cost of hydrogen is running about 2.5 times more than for compressed natural gas,” he said.



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-need-for-power">Need For Power</h2>



The requirement that power to make green hydrogen come from new clean energy sources is understandable. The electric grid is already struggling to keep up with rising demand from power-hungry data centers, booming U.S. manufacturing and growth in electric vehicles that require charging.



“If we&#8217;re going to grow energy demands by producing electrolytic hydrogen we have to add new clean power resources to support that,” said Eric Guter, vice president of hydrogen mobility for Air Products, the world’s biggest supplier of the gas. “Otherwise we&#8217;re going to exacerbate the emissions problem on the backs of taxpayers, and that will destroy the long-term outlook for a viable clean hydrogen market.”



Air Products plans several large-scale green hydrogen projects that open later this decade — including&nbsp;<a href="https://www.airproducts.com/energy-transition/neom-green-hydrogen-complex" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">one in oil rich Saudi Arabia</a>&nbsp;— and supports the proposed tax credit rules. So too does Electric Hydrogen, which is developing&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2024/02/21/green-hydrogen-could-help-save-the-planet-this-startup-wants-to-make-it-cheap/?sh=2543f9f28351">large-scale green hydrogen plants</a>. Cofounded by two solar industry veterans, the Boston-based company’s business plan is to locate hydrogen operations near new wind or solar projects and, ideally, avoid plugging into the grid. It’s raised more than $600 million from investors including Bill Gates’ Breakthrough Energy Ventures, Energy Impact Partners, BP Ventures and Amazon.



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“We&#8217;re competing against 100 years of global subsidy, war, blood, fortune and gold that&#8217;s gone into making oil and gas what it is today.”Electric Hydrogen CEO Raffi Garabedian
</blockquote>



It wants to deliver its first commercial-scale green hydrogen plant late this year to billionaire&nbsp;<a href="https://eh2.com/electric-hydrogen-to-supply-electrolyzer-technology-green-facility/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Wes Edens’ New Fortress Energy</a>. New Fortress intends to sell the fuel it makes to an ammonia producer. Powered by 100 megawatts of electricity, the plant will be capable of making up to 45 tons of fuel daily.



Garabedian said another early market for green hydrogen may be for sustainable aviation fuel, or SAF, as regulations in Europe force airlines to use more low-carbon fuel. But as the company lines up customers, he understands the challenge ahead.



“We&#8217;re competing against 100 years of global subsidy, war, blood, fortune and gold that&#8217;s gone into making oil and gas what it is today. And it&#8217;s still the most highly subsidized industry in the world, other than the military,” he said. “Trying to compete with that on a cost basis, it&#8217;s insane.”

New Green Hydrogen Tank construction site.

Green Hydrogen’s Hype Hits Some Very Expensive Hurdles

On April 7, world leaders, including several Heads of State such as South Africa’s Cyril Ramaphosa and former United States President Bill Clinton, joined Rwanda for the 30th commemoration of the genocide against the Tutsi. Known as Kwibuka30 and held under the theme Remember-Unite-Renew, it honored the memory of the victims of the genocide and reflected on the country’s three-decade journey of national unity, reconciliation, economic growth and development.



This date in 1994 had seen the merciless massacre of over a million Tutsis. In just 100 days, men, women, children and even the elderly, were indiscriminately killed. Their only crime was their ethnicity.



In the ceremony held at the Kigali Genocide Memorial – the final resting place for over 250,000 victims – Rwanda’s President Paul Kagame and First Lady Jeanette Kagame lit the Flame of Remembrance that will burn for the next 100 days. At the BK Arena, a somber ceremony marked the opening of a week of remembrance. In the middle of the arena was a stunning, well-lit tree-like decorative piece that the organizers described as: “The tree’s branches and foliage represent the protection that targeted families could not find, during the genocide, and that Rwandans today can count on. The upright trunk echoes the aspirations of the young generation, reinforced by the internal light and flowing sap of life within. The roots illustrate the memory of the past that we must preserve, our shared Rwandan culture on which we are all anchored, and from which we draw inspiration and strength, to reach for the sky, as we build a brighter future.”



Young Rwandan artists retold the country’s story through moving contemporary song and dance performances, demonstrating how Rwanda has risen from the ashes over the years and is rebuilding, brick by brick.



Many in the arena could not hold back tears as Marie Louise Ayinkamiye, a survivor, shared her testimony. She was only 11 years old when the genocide happened. Her father and four siblings were brutally killed. Ayinkamiye said that though the impact of the genocide continued long after the killings stopped, survivors had to tap into their inner strength and forge ahead with courage and determination. “We survivors are strong. We will build the country together,” she said.



In a heartfelt message to the nation, President Kagame began by condoling with the genocide survivors and thanking them for agreeing to bear the burden of reconciliation.



“Today, our hearts are filled with grief and gratitude in equal measure. We remember our dead, and are also grateful for what Rwanda has become. To the survivors among us, we are in your debt. We asked you to do the impossible by carrying the burden of reconciliation on your shoulders. And you continue to do the impossible for our nation, every single day, and we thank you.”



On the way forward and the country’s future, the President said that the youth are Rwanda’s source of hope and confidence. “Only a new generation of young people has the ability to renew and redeem a nation after a genocide. Our job was to provide the space and the tools for them to break the cycle. And they have. Nearly three-quarters of Rwandans today are under age 35. They either have no memory of the genocide, or were not yet born. Our youth are the guardians of our future and the foundation of our unity, with a mindset that is totally different from the generation before.”



To conclude his remarks, the President made a strong statement: “Our people will never — and I mean never — be left for dead again.”



The international community has been accused of failing Rwanda in her hour of need. Clinton called the genocide the biggest failure of his administration. Secretary-General of the United Nations, Antonio Guterres, paid his tribute: “The genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda 30 years ago is a stain on our collective consciousness and a brutal reminder of the legacy of colonialism and the consequences of hate speech.”



As part of the commemoration, four genocide memorial sites in Rwanda were added to UNESCO’s World Heritage List, in a historic decision that was well-received in Rwanda. At the same time, iconic monuments in various cities around the world, were lit in colors of the Rwandan flag, as part of a joint Rwanda-UNESCO initiative in collective memory of the genocide against the Tutsi.

Kwibuka30 at the BK Arena; image supplied

Remembering The Pain And Lessons Learned: Rwanda Honors Historic Anniversary Of The Genocide Against The Tutsi

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



Apple ceded the position of the world’s biggest phone maker to rival Samsung in the first quarter of 2024 after global iPhone shipments saw a steep slump, the latest setback for the tech giant since the start of the year.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h2>



According to the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS52032524" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">latest report</a>&nbsp;by market research firm IDC, Apple’s smartphone shipments fell to 50.1 million units in the first quarter of 2024, down 9.6% year-on-year.



Apple’s sharp slump came despite the overall smartphone market growing 7.8%—driven largely by booming shipments of smartphones made by Chinese firms.



The drop in iPhone shipments means Samsung became the world’s biggest smartphone maker in the first three months of the year, with 60.1 million shipments.



Despite beating out the iPhone maker, Samsung’s smartphone shipments were down around 0.7% year-on-year.



Chinese smartphone giant Xiaomi retained its spot as the world’s third-biggest phone maker while its shipments saw a major 33.8% growth.



Another Chinese firm Transsion, which makes low-cost smartphones that are popular in Africa, Latin America and Asia, saw its first-quarter shipments nearly double from 15.4 million in 2023 to 28.5 million this year.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-to-watch-for">WHAT TO WATCH FOR</h2>



Apple shares were down 1.18% in premarket trading Monday. The company’s stock has had a poor 2024, down nearly 5% since the start of the year.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">KEY BACKGROUND</h2>



Apple, which started the year as the world’s most valuable company, has been plagued by bad news since the start of the year. Last month, Hong Kong-based Counterpoint Research reported that iPhone sales in China were down 24% year-over-year in the first six weeks of 2024. This is a major blow for the company as China accounts for more than 15% of its revenues. Apple also&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/mollybohannon/2024/02/27/apple-abandoning-electric-car-quest-and-focusing-on-ai-report-says/?sh=52cdf327ac09">reportedly</a>&nbsp;abandoned a decade-long ambitious and expensive internal effort to build a self-driving car earlier this year. Last month, the Justice Department and multiple U.S. states&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/caileygleeson/2024/03/21/us-sues-apple-in-landmark-iphone-antitrust-case/?sh=7bafd4715ffc">filed a lawsuit</a>&nbsp;against Apple, accusing the company of violating antitrust laws through restrictive policies that hurt competitors and consumers. Apple’s investors have also been&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2024/03/05/apple-stocks-plunge-continues-heres-why-its-at-a-crossroads/?sh=48ae2eeb3477">concerned</a>&nbsp;about the company’s artificial intelligence efforts, especially compared to rivals like Google, Microsoft and Meta. Last month, the Wall Street Journal&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/siladityaray/2024/03/18/apple-reportedly-in-talks-with-google-to-integrate-geminis-ai-service-into-the-iphone/?sh=130770907683">reported</a>&nbsp;that Apple held talks with Google to discuss integrating the search giant’s Gemini AI service into the iPhone—a likely sign that Apple’s internal AI efforts are still significantly behind its rivals.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-further-reading">FURTHER READING</h2>



<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2024/03/05/apple-stocks-plunge-continues-heres-why-its-at-a-crossroads/?sh=22196a9e3477">Apple Stock’s Plunge Continues: Here’s Why It’s At A Crossroads</a>&nbsp;(Forbes)



<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/siladityaray/"></a>

iPhone15 On Sale in Chongqing

Apple Is No Longer The World’s Biggest Smartphone Maker By Volume—As Samsung Ships More Handsets In Q1

Feedback from the Davos meetings of the World Economic Forum (WEF) has always been useful. Historically, the discussions with world leaders, both political and corporate, provide insight into what is expected in the year ahead. The post-event mood after the meetings was generally vibrant but 2024 was a departure from the past. Is it because WEF is losing its luster or because world leaders did not want to face the tough questions that were expected at Davos? Geopolitically, it was a disaster, as several world leaders were missing from the January 2024 WEF meetings; France’s Emmanuel Macron was the only leader from the G7 countries. Joe Biden, Xi Jinping, Vladimir Putin, Rishi Sunak and many other leaders were conspicuous by their absence. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky was present for a special address. The Russians were missing and so were their oligarch parties that are part of the pomp and show during Davos.


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignleft size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="754" height="1024" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/21-September-2023-Wahi-6-of-6-754x1024.png" alt="" class="wp-image-61671" style="width:397px;height:auto" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/21-September-2023-Wahi-6-of-6-754x1024.png 754w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/21-September-2023-Wahi-6-of-6-221x300.png 221w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/21-September-2023-Wahi-6-of-6-768x1043.png 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/21-September-2023-Wahi-6-of-6-1131x1536.png 1131w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/21-September-2023-Wahi-6-of-6-1508x2048.png 1508w" sizes="(max-width: 754px) 100vw, 754px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Dr Rakesh Wahi (Photo by Yeshiel Panchia)</figcaption></figure></div>


Africa has been gaining in prominence at the WEF meetings and delegations from South Africa, Rwanda, Ghana and a few other countries continue to be torchbearers for the continent. Some inter-esting debates on technology, AI and the challenges of the future were thought-provoking this year but to a large part, there was nothing to write home about. In 2018, Dr Akinwumi Adesina, President of the African Development Bank, along with several other multilaterals, founded the Africa Investment Forum as an alternative to WEF Davos. The vision was to move away from talk and politics to a platform for action. For African countries, this platform is far more valuable than the money that gets spent in participating in Davos. The outcomes are measurable and are focused on Africa and our leaders need to focus on answers relating to the African continent and not be bystanders to the deafening silence at a global platform.



The unanswered and embarrassing questions before world leaders include, but are not limited to, the wars in Ukraine and Gaza, and climate change. The issue of Ukraine will remain unsolved as long as the West continues to fuel and fight a proxy war against Russia. Although, the United States’ (U.S.) Repub-lican party has reportedly applied some brakes to the funding of the war, there is relentless hysteria being stirred regarding Russia’s aggression and intent to start similar campaigns along other parts of its border. Finland and Sweden are the most recent additions to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) which now has 32 members.



We can only speculate that despite any adjectives that have been used to describe Putin, one thing that he most certainly is not, is a fool who would even, in all his arrogance, think that Russia could take on the collective might of NATO in a conventional war. Looking purely at data that is in the public domain, Russia has 40% of the ground troops, 20% of aircraft and 28% of the naval power of NATO. This is a disincentive for Russia to go to war with any NATO country. Where Russia has a distinct advantage is in nuclear capability and this should not be taken lightly. Putin has made his intention clear; if NATO gets involved or pushes his hand, he has limited choices.



When Ukraine began its quest for membership to NATO, Russia warned them not to do so for reasons that are known to the whole world. None of the superpowers want their cold war enemies setting up bases near their borders. What would the U.S. do if Russia were to set up a base in Mexico? The Cuban missile crisis of 1962 almost brought about a nuclear war when the U.S. found out about the Soviet Union’s plans to establish nuclear weapons in Cuba.



History has taught us many lessons and self-preservation is an adequate motivation for nations to act in self-interest. The only way fighting between neighbors can come to an end is if the two (with the help of affected and interested neighbors) sit down to talk. This can only happen if NATO countries take a step back to stop fueling the war through money and weapons, stop expand- ing NATO and ask Russia to stop any further aggression. By now, Putin would also have understood that continuing this conflict is not sustainable, even for Russia.



The discussion on Ukraine is not complete without acknowl- edging the growing conflicts of interest. Other than in supplying weapons, Western countries, mainly the U.S., have significant economic interests in Ukraine, most of all in securing agricultural capacity for all times to come. Several major multinational corporations owned and controlled by some of the largest U.S. financial institutions are alleged to be the beneficiaries of privatization and concessions in Ukraine. Unfortunately, as the media continues to report on the horrific consequences of war, there is silence on the conflict of economic interest that will continue to catalyze the war.



We are also facing a major crisis in Gaza. It has been six months since the attack carried out by Hamas against Israel on October 7 2023. I do not believe that there is any human being with a soul who will condone the killing and suffering of innocent women and children at the scale that is going on in the war between Israel and Hamas. This time around, the U.S. is supporting Israel and has time and again blocked any move made at the United Nations Security Council calling for a stop to the bloodshed. What is going on in Gaza will have far greater consequences for the world than the war in Ukraine. The world is likely to get more and more polarized and instead of progressing forward and making the world a better place, there is going to be more hate and regression.



In the last two years, these two conflicts have cost the world far more than any other recent crisis. Some Pentagon sources have quoted that the direct cost of the war for Russia in Ukraine, to date, has been more than $210 billion. This does not include the economic loss to the world in the form of price escalation, the slowing down of economic activity and the setting up of duplicate and expensive supply chains. Financial weekly newspaper Barron’s has quoted Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) sources projecting the global cost of lost output in excess of $2.8 trillion. WEF sources quote figures for the destruction in Ukraine to be between $400 billion and $1 trillion. The German online platform Statista has projected that it will conservatively cost about $410 billion to rebuild Ukraine. These are numbers that for the common man mean very little, other than point to an alarming fact that people in Ukraine will stay below poverty levels for a long, long time. Imagine if this money was poured into developing countries to help them with infrastructure, education, healthcare, energy transformation, agriculture, water and food security.



Agriculture and food production in Africa needs to be catalyzed on a war footing. There is a lot of land in Africa that is currently been bought and/or being leased by multinationals with a view to creating clusters to export agricultural products. There needs to be scrutiny by the African Union and African multilaterals on how to manage the needs of African nations. Why export food when there are so many nations in Africa that continue to import food products? We need compelling incentives for Africans and African-owned companies to grow the agricultural base in Africa.



My favorite activity after the end of a long day at work has always been to watch local and international news networks and catch up on current affairs. In the last few months, my interest has largely been in catching up with elections in different parts of the world. With more than two billion people going to the ballot in over 50 countries this year, a lot of interesting discussions are going to take place on the future of many countries and on geopolitics in general.



Talking about elections; the U.S. elections have always been of interest. It took me a long time to somewhat understand the elections system. It was always interesting to watch the primaries, Super Tuesdays and town hall debates: a seemingly well-structured election system to finally select leading candidates for the Republicans and Democrats who then battle in a final contest for a winner-takes-all. This year has been with mixed emotions but mainly disappointment. I was 13 years old when the Watergate scandal broke in 1972.



We used to hear the news on the radio for updates on the case leading to Richard Nixon’s resignation; the only president in U.S. history to resign, although three others have been formally impeached.



These blemishes aside, one has looked up to the leadership in the U.S.; Barack Obama was my most recent favorite. We are not to judge who Americans choose to lead them but for a country with over 340 million people, I most certainly think that there is enough talent to bring in younger, smarter and less-conflicted individuals to lead the most powerful country in the world.



The sitcoms will continue for the rest of 2024 but sadly, the fate of the world in many ways will rest on the decisions made by Americans this year.



I am ending this piece on a sad note; it’s a personal loss. My business partner of over 20 years, Zafar Siddiqi, passed away at the end of February. We take a lot of things in life for granted; life is one of them. We just believe that what happens to others will not happen to us. Death pauses us when it happens close to home. Each of us rely on familiar faces (personally and professionally) when we have moments of triumph or periods of uncertainty. Coming home after his burial, I was left with the sad real- ity that the face I was so accustomed to turn towards, for over two decades, will only smile from a picture in my office. We both have been through some of the biggest challenges setting up our media and education businesses; one thing we mutually agreed on was to never give up. We put our faith, our blood, sweat and tears into these dreams and built them one brick and one day at a time. Today, we have the best teams and people around us, but the loss is of someone who shared my pain each day of this journey. Rest in peace, dear Zafar.

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From WEF To War To Polls And Politics, An Interesting Year For The World

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



The price of bitcoin dropped by 7% on Saturday over the course of less than an hour, as prices for other cryptocurrencies also sharply declined after Iran launched an attack on Israel.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h2>



The price of bitcoin was&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/digital-assets/assets/bitcoin-btc/?sh=57fc0c8a4357">down</a>&nbsp;7% to $62,570 as of 4:40 p.m. Saturday afternoon, after the cryptocurrency briefly fell to a low on the day of $60,908 minutes earlier.



The price of ethereum fell over 9% to $2,923, while prices for Binance coin and solana dropped 9% and nearly 18%, respectively.



Prices for several less-traded cryptocurrencies dropped by at least 15%, including avalanche (20%), XRP (20%) and the meme token dogecoin (18%).



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-big-number">BIG NUMBER</h2>



$73,750. That’s what the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/in/investing/cryptocurrency/bitcoin-down-to-64000-after-record-high/">price</a>&nbsp;for bitcoin was on March 24, the all-time high price for the cryptocurrency.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">KEY BACKGROUND</h2>



Concerns over increased geopolitical conflict in the Middle East have impacted U.S. markets in recent days. The Dow Jones Industrial Average&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/12/investing/stocks-oil-banks-geopolitics/index.html" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">dropped</a>&nbsp;by 475 points Friday, after the White House said the U.S. and Israel were preparing for a potential attack by Iran. JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon told investors geopolitical conflict was cause for concern, noting it could “be determinative on what happens to the global economy if oil and gas prices go too high,” CNN&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/12/investing/jpmorgan-chase-bank-earnings-q1/index.html" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">reported</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-further-reading">FURTHER READING</h2>



<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesfarrell/2024/04/13/iran-launches-drone-attack-on-israel/?sh=343044cb2130">Iran Launches Drone Attack On Israel</a> (Forbes)<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tylerroush/"></a>

Iran-Reaction, IRGC Missile And UAV Attack On Israel

Bitcoin Plummets After Iran Launches Attack On Israel

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



Iran’s long-anticipated attack on Israel has started, as the country has launched unmanned aerial vehicles from within Iran set to reach Israel in the next “several hours,” the <a href="https://twitter.com/IDF/status/1779242779182288964" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Israel Defense Forces</a> confirmed Saturday afternoon.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">KEY FACTS</h2>



In a press conference, IDF spokesperson&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/SkyNews/status/1779241449889919327" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Daniel Hagari</a>&nbsp;said the IDF is going to “try to prevent them from reaching Israeli territory.”



He added the IDF would inform the public of additional threats if necessary, while the IDF is on “high alert and is constantly monitoring the operational situation”—Iran has also launched cruise missiles in addition to the drones, according to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnn.com/middleeast/live-news/israel-hamas-war-gaza-news-04-13-24/h_459325a36ff45ef1b197dc12352d75ce" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">CNN</a>, citing Israeli media.



The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/04/13/statement-from-nsc-spokesperson-adrienne-watson-on-attacks-against-israel/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">White House</a>&nbsp;issued a statement confirming Iran’s “airborne attack against Israel,” noting President Joe Biden is being “regularly updated on the situation” by national security officials and is in “constant communication” with Israel and other allies.



The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps reportedly confirmed the strikes in a statement read on Iranian state media, according to<a href="https://www.cnn.com/middleeast/live-news/israel-hamas-war-gaza-news-04-13-24/h_885917fe5b91668450e443aab2c20d29" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> CNN</a> and the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/04/13/world/israel-iran-gaza-war-news" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">New York Times</a>, claiming it had launched “dozens of drones and missiles” toward “certain targets in the territories of the Zionist regime.”



<div class="wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="705" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/GettyImages-2147801988.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-61656 size-full" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/GettyImages-2147801988.jpg 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/GettyImages-2147801988-300x207.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/GettyImages-2147801988-768x529.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
An Iranian man is sitting on a sidewalk in downtown Tehran, Iran, on April 14, 2024, holding a Jam-e Jam daily newspaper that features an illustrated image of Iran&#8217;s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) missile and UAV attack. He is looking on as Iran launches dozens of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and missiles against Israel in response to the Israeli attack on its Consulate in Damascus. (Photo by Morteza Nikoubazl/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
</div></div>



The attacks have been&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesfarrell/2024/04/13/everything-we-know-about-a-potential-iranian-attack-on-israel-as-us-suggests-strike-is-imminent/?sh=1a2984c665a9">highly anticipated</a>&nbsp;following a strike on an Iranian embassy in Syria—which Iran blamed on Israel—that killed several Iranian military officials, prompting global concern that an Iranian strike could widen tensions across the region amid the ongoing Israel-Hamas war.



Just ahead of the attack, the IDF issued new <a href="https://twitter.com/IDF/status/1779202651688702286" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">guidelines</a> for Israeli citizens at home, limiting certain gatherings to 1,000 people and prohibiting educational activities across the country, while <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/jordan-temporarily-close-airspace-state-media-says-2024-04-13/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jordan </a>and <a href="https://www.barrons.com/news/iraq-closes-airspace-as-iran-launches-attack-on-israel-ministry-4adb745a" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Iraq</a> reportedly closed their airspace temporarily.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">CRUCIAL QUOTE</h2>



“The United States will stand with the people of Israel and support their defense against these threats from Iran,” National Security Council spokesperson Adrienne Watson said in the White House statement.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">WHAT WE DON’T KNOW</h2>



It’s unclear what Iran is targeting—though recent&nbsp;<a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-04-10/us-sees-missile-strike-on-israel-by-iran-proxies-as-imminent?sref=yYYRek8e" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">reports&nbsp;</a>had suggested Iran was planning on targeting military or government sites. It’s unclear how, or if, Israel will respond to the attack. Israeli officials had in recent days vowed&nbsp;<a href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-latest-04-11-2024-9774f91ef80126e580ea5a9b3b84eb74" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">retaliation</a>&nbsp;in the event of an attack.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/mollybohannon/2024/04/12/biden-expects-iran-to-attack-israel-sooner-rather-than-later/?sh=11f13de82b53">Biden</a>&nbsp;had also promised the United States would support Israel in the event of an Iranian attack. Iranian officials had criticized both Israel and the United States immediately following the embassy attack—Iran’s U.N. ambassador<a href="https://newyork.mfa.ir/portal/NewsView/742465/Ambassador39s-Statement-Before-UNSC-Following-Israeli-Regime39s-Airstrikes" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">&nbsp;Zahra Ershada</a>&nbsp;said in a statement that the “United States is responsible for all crimes committed by the Israeli regime,” while&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/MhmmdJamshidi/status/1776238843710058907" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Mohammad Jamshidi</a>, an advisory to Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi, said in a message directed to the U.S. on X, formerly known as Twitter: “Stay away so you won’t get hurt.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">CONTRA</h2>



Some reports suggest Iran is aiming to avoid a wider conflict, with&nbsp;<a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-edge-iranian-retaliation-after-embassy-strike-2024-04-12/#:~:text=IRAN%20WANTS%20TO%20AVOID%20ESCALATION%2C%20SOURCES%20SAY&amp;text=Iranian%20sources%20and%20diplomats%20from,might%20spin%20out%20of%20control." rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Reuters&nbsp;</a>reporting Friday that Iranian sources said Tehran had alerted the U.S. that it hopes to avoid a broader conflict.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">WHAT TO WATCH FOR</h2>



At his press conference, Hagari said Israel’s army had been preparing for the attack in advance and “all of its elements both on the defensive and the offensive are prepared.” He said Israel has various “circles of protection” from its navy and air force with additional circles of protection from the United States. He added: “We have an excellent air defense system and it is now in full operation, but you must remember it’s never 100%—the defensive measures,” and urged residents to remain calm.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">KEY BACKGROUND</h2>



The airstrike on the facility in Syria reportedly killed seven Iranian military officials. Israel has been widely blamed for the attack, though it has not claimed responsibility. The strike and anticipated response has prompted concern that continued tit-for-tat between Israel and Iran could significantly widen the crisis in the Middle East, expanding out from the ongoing Israel-Hamas war in Gaza. Iran has long been a vocal supporter of Hamas and materially supports other proxy groups that oppose Israel, like the Houthis in Yemen and Hezbollah in Lebanon.

Iranians Celebrate Iran’s IRGC Missile And UAV Attack Against Israel

Iran Launches Drone Attack On Israel

Lauded as the key to Africa’s economic fortunes, the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) has been met with much excitement. Indeed, this area holds great economic promise for the continent but there are some glaring gaps that require consideration – particularly from a social dimension. Established in 2018 by the African Continental Free Trade Agreement, AfCFTA entails the creation of a consolidated marketplace for goods and services throughout the African continent. 



According to a 2022 World Bank report, this agreement could generate vast economic benefits, embracing 1.3 billion people and a combined GDP of $3.4 trillion. If fully implemented, the agreement is expected to increase income by 9% by 2035 and help uplift 50 million individuals from extreme poverty. It aims to boost intra-African trade, promote industrialization, foster economic diversification, and ultimately lead to increased economic growth and job creation. As the agreement outlines, this integration will be strengthened and underpinned by allowing the free movement of individuals across the continent.



Yet, there has been little consideration of the impact of this movement on social security, an important policy tool that addresses socio-economic challenges, contributes to long-term development, and promotes a more equitable and resilient society. 



In Africa, particularly, its impact cannot be overlooked.



Without the necessary safeguards in place, the AfCFTA exists as nothing more than a romantic ideal. Intra-African migration has increased by 30% in the last decade and is on an upward trajectory. However, existing systems may find themselves under strain as demographics shift and the demand for services and support transcends traditional geographical boundaries under AfCFTA. As it stands with current policies, African migrant workers and their families may lose their social security benefits when they return to their home nations because these benefits are often limited to specific territories. 



Compounding these concerns is the limited scope of social security coverage on the continent. According to the International Labour Organization’s (ILO) World Social Protection Report, only 17.4% of the population in Africa receives at least one social protection benefit compared to 46.9% globally. This low level of access to social protection is attributed to the labor market structure on the continent and limited domestic resources allocated to social protection. As AfCFTA takes hold, there is a need for social security coordination to expand social protection coverage, especially for migrant workers and their families.



There are some considerations. First, it should guarantee the equal treatment of all workers in order to prevent unfair discrimination against migrant workers. Second, it must consider all elements of a worker’s career to ensure comprehensive insurance coverage and the determination of benefits. Third, there should be a recognition that residency, employment, or economic activity in one state allows for the acquired rights and benefits to be upheld in another state. 



Fourth, the applicable laws should be established to prevent double benefits or double obligation to contribute towards a social security scheme. Fifth, these efforts must make social security benefits transferable or exportable by reducing restrictions on the payment of benefits and receipt of services when workers reside in a different country. In this regard, African countries should adopt crucial policy measures to develop the social dimension of this area by ratifying and implementing the existing ILO conventions and recommendations regarding migration and social security. 



The equality of treatment, among other principles and standards, should be incorporated into domestic law. Moreover, African countries must also conclude social security agreements to coordinate and ensure the portability of social security rights and benefits. In this regard, bilateral labor arrangements or Memorandums of Understanding (MoU) should include social security provisions. Additionally, unilateral measures developed by sending and receiving countries must be taken, such as the inclusion of national social protection floors. Beyond social security, the social dimension should include initiatives that address practical obstacles to the AfCFTA, such as language barriers, xenophobia, exorbitant cross-border remittance fees, and lack of information and awareness.



As researcher and postdoctoral fellow Balkissa Diallo argues, “For the true elimination of trade barriers, AfCFTA efforts must embed the facilitation of African migration into their structures — and also consider existing dynamics that prevent this from happening.”



If AfCFTA has any real hope of succeeding, it must also integrate with society beyond the economic policies and trade agreements.

Safaricom Plc Headquarters and Kiosks Ahead of Earnings

Developing Further The Social Dimension Of The African Continental Free Trade Area

Senegalese and other Africans are anticipating the first-ever Youth Olympic Games to be hosted on the continent in 2026, in Dakar, the capital of Senegal.



Rescheduled for October 31 to November 13, 2026, the proposed games is set to bring together the world&#8217;s finest young athletes to compete in 35 different sports over a span of 14 days.



In place of the 2022 event, the Dakar en Jeux (Dakar in Games) festival was held from October 29 to November 5, the originally planned Dakar 2022 period, across the three host cities of Dakar, Diamniadio, and Saly.



Since then, Dakar en Jeux has become an annual celebration of sport and culture, serving as a precursor to Dakar 2026 while encouraging increased youth engagement in sports.



International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Thomas Bach has in news reports expressed his support for Senegal&#8217;s hosting of the Youth Olympic Games, noting Africa&#8217;s unity and its sporting culture. &#8220;With a young population and a passion for sport, it is time for Africa, it is time for Senegal,” he has noted.



During his visit to Senegal in 2022, disclosing his anticipation for the event, Bach said: “We cannot wait for the moment to be back here and to enjoy this first Olympic event on African soil, an event for Africa, with Africa, that will welcome the youth of the world in Senegal. We can expect a festival of excellence in sport, of African culture, the joy of living and the wonderful hospitality of the African people.”



Senegal-based sports analyst Rufai Shuaib considers the event to be of historic significance.



&#8220;This is a monumental moment for African sports. The hosting of the Youth Olympic Games in Dakar represents a major milestone in showcasing the immense talent and potential of our young athletes on a global platform,&#8221; Shuaib tells FORBES AFRICA.



Shuaib opines that &#8220;the games will contribute to the development of sports infrastructure and opportunities across the region&#8221;.



He adds that the event has the potential to promote youth empowerment and catalyze socio-economic growth. &#8220;This is a golden opportunity for Africa to shine and demonstrate its capabilities on the world stage.&#8221;



&#8220;The Games symbolize Africa&#8217;s rising prominence in the global sports arena and signify a new chapter in our continent&#8217;s sporting journey,&#8221; says Shuaib.



For Nigerian analyst Kolawole Oyebola, Dakar 2026 presents an opportunity to boost tourism and stimulate economic growth.



Oyebola tells FORBES AFRICA: &#8220;This is another opportunity for Africa to show its ability to host large-scale international events. It will enhance Senegal&#8217;s global standing and the rest of the continent.&#8221;



The economic benefits, according to Oyebola, are multifaceted, as he points out, &#8220;The influx of visitors, athletes, and officials will create an increase in demand for accommodation, dining, transportation, and various services, providing a significant boost to local businesses and industries.&#8221;



He adds, &#8220;The exposure generated by the event will attract future investments and promote long-term sustainable development across the continent.&#8221;



However, Oyebola also highlights the importance of strategic planning and infrastructure development to maximize the economic impact. He cautions, &#8220;While the Youth Olympic Games present immense opportunities, adequate infrastructure and logistical support are crucial to ensure smooth operations and capitalize on the event&#8217;s potential.&#8221;

Participants engaging in an activity as part of Dakar en Jeux; photo courtesy IOC, Margot Mendes

‘Monumental Moment For African Sports’: On Dakar Debut Of The Youth Olympic Games In 2026

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



Hundreds of content creators signed an open letter asking Meta to scrap a decision to curb the reach of “political content” on Instagram and Threads, amid concern the change could limit marginalized creators’ reach across the platforms.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h2>



The&nbsp;<a href="https://accountabletech.org/wp-content/uploads/Open-Letter-to-Instagram.pdf" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">letter</a>, first reported on by the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2024/04/10/politics-instagram-threads-limits/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Washington Post</a>, was organized by the groups Accountable Tech—a nonprofit that advocates for better regulation of Big Tech companies—and the LGBTQ+ advocacy group GLAAD, and includes the handles of more than 200 accounts, including popular accounts like the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.instagram.com/feminist/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">@feminist</a>&nbsp;account, with which has 6 million followers on Instagram.



The signatories argue the&nbsp;<a href="https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/continuing-our-approach-to-political-content-on-instagram-and-threads/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">policy</a>, announced in February, is “undermining the reach of our content online,” and is hurting efforts to “foster more inclusive and participatory democracy and society during a critical inflection point for our country.”



Forbes has contacted Meta for comment and did not immediately hear back—but Meta spokesperson Andy Stone told the Washington Post the change “expands on years of work on how we approach and treat political content based on what people have told us they wanted,” and Meta officials have previously<a href="https://deadline.com/2023/07/instagram-boss-politics-hard-news-not-pushed-threads-not-worth-scrutiny-negativity-integrity-risks-1235432486/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">&nbsp;suggested</a>&nbsp;they believe Instagram and Threads should focus their content on other topics aside from politics or hard news.



With Meta’s definition of “political content” including “social topics,” creators are concerned the new policy could “limit the reach of individuals and organizations whose identities and/or advocacy have been rendered a ‘social topic’ in this country,” the letter states, singling out advocacy efforts on climate change, gun violence prevention and transgender rights.



The creators are calling for Meta to change the policy so that users could “opt-in” to limiting so-called political content, rather than by opting them out by default.



The decision comes as&nbsp;<a href="https://www.instagram.com/familyequality/p/C5ixsJeLnSk/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">several</a>&nbsp;affected&nbsp;<a href="https://www.instagram.com/innercitystruggle/p/C486cuxv-jo/?img_index=1" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">accounts</a>&nbsp;have been raising concern that the policy could affect the reach of news about LGBTQ+ issues, and have been providing instructions for followers to turn off the new settings.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-has-the-policy-changed">HOW HAS THE POLICY CHANGED?</h2>



In a February&nbsp;<a href="https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/continuing-our-approach-to-political-content-on-instagram-and-threads/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">blog post</a>, Instagram said it will no longer “proactively recommend content about politics” from accounts users don’t follow across Instagram or Threads. Users who still want recommended posts on political content will be able to access an option to turn off limits in their content preferences. The policy applies to public accounts, and doesn’t change how users will see content from accounts they actively follow. Professional accounts can see whether their content is eligible to be recommended, and can request reviews if they disagree.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">KEY BACKGROUND</h2>



The open letter comes as content creators in recent weeks have been voicing concern about Meta’s new approach and also about how LGBTQ+ issues are treated across the tech giant’s platforms. Last month,&nbsp;<a href="https://glaad.org/smsi/report-meta-fails-to-moderate-extreme-anti-trans-hate-across-facebook-instagram-and-threads/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">GLAAD</a>&nbsp;released a report detailing how anti-transgender posts proliferated across the platforms despite policies aimed at preventing them, as LGBTQ+ creators have said that their own content is being limited by the policy, according to the Washington Post. Some creators have raised concern about how “political content” is defined, with Instagram influencer&nbsp;<a href="https://www.instagram.com/katiegrossbard/?hl=en" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Katie Grossbard</a>&nbsp;telling&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/creators-reaction-meta-instagram-limiting-political-content-rcna144969" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">NBC News</a>&nbsp;last month: “This decision directly harms communities whose entire existence is political.”



PROMOTED



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-contra">CONTRA</h2>



<a href="https://deadline.com/2023/07/instagram-boss-politics-hard-news-not-pushed-threads-not-worth-scrutiny-negativity-integrity-risks-1235432486/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Adam Mosseri,</a>&nbsp;Instagram’s head, has suggested he doesn’t see Instagram or Threads as being a central place for politics, writing on Threads that while “politics and hard news are important,” using them as a revenue source “is not at all worth the scrutiny, negativity (let’s be honest) or integrity risks that come along with them.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-big-number">BIG NUMBER</h2>



16%. As the open letter points out, that’s the percentage of adults who say they regularly get news on Instagram, per a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/fact-sheet/social-media-and-news-fact-sheet/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Pew Research Poll</a>.

INDIA-US-INTERNET-FACEBOOK

Creators Say Meta Shouldn’t Curb ‘Political Content’ In Policy Change Backlash

An exclusive interview with renowned Kenya-born land- scape architect and pioneer of sustainable tourism Hitesh Mehta. His other fascinating career? Representing East Africa and Kenya in first-class cricket and playing in three ICC World Cup tournaments in the late 1970s and 1980s.



A global authority on sustainable tourism, including the planning and design of eco-lodges in Africa, Hitesh Mehta wears Africa on his sleeve. He is also credited with creating environmental- and social- friendly master plans for many national parks and protected areas on the continent.



This writer first met Mehta at a lecture, Africa–The First World, in Miami, Florida, where he spoke about the achievements of Africa and its inhabitants over the course of several millennia.



<div class="wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile" style="grid-template-columns:65% auto"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="1024" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mehta-is-known-for-his-work-in-the-protected-areas-of-the-Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo-image-supplied-768x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-61627 size-full" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mehta-is-known-for-his-work-in-the-protected-areas-of-the-Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo-image-supplied-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mehta-is-known-for-his-work-in-the-protected-areas-of-the-Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo-image-supplied-225x300.jpg 225w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mehta-is-known-for-his-work-in-the-protected-areas-of-the-Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo-image-supplied-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mehta-is-known-for-his-work-in-the-protected-areas-of-the-Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo-image-supplied.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
Mehta with the Batwa tribe of Semiki forest in western Uganda (image supplied)
</div></div>



Mehta was born in Nairobi of Indian parents, and attended the University of Nairobi where he obtained a degree in architecture in 1985. After receiving the Aga Khan Scholarship, he attained a master’s degree in landscape architecture from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1989. Furthermore, he also represented East Africa and Kenya in first- class cricket and played in three ICC World Cup tournaments in the late 1970s and 1980s as an all-rounder. Mehta has consulted in 67 countries across six continents and is a recipient of multiple international awards for the physical planning of protected areas, for building design, site-planning, and landscape architecture. He shares more highlights in this interview with FORBES AFRICA:



Q. You have had an amazing career as a landscape architect especially working in Africa with national parks to create a sustainable tourism environment. How do you define landscape architecture?



A: Landscape architecture involves the planning, design, management and nurturing of built and natural environments in an eco-friendly manner. Everything outside a closed environment, for example, a building, is landscape architecture: plazas, gardens, campuses, national parks, and other protected areas.



Q. What inspired you to choose this profession, which is relatively a new profession compared to the architecture of buildings?



A: Typically, training in architecture schools involves the design of buildings, interiors, and elevations. I realized that it was important for me to understand ‘outside’ areas to be a conscious designer. My education in Berkeley, a leader in the field at that time, helped me become a holistic designer where I could design the inside and outside at the same time.



Q. Has growing up in Africa had an impact on your work?



A: Tremendously! I grew up close to a forested area in Nairobi where visits from small mammals and sightings of leopards were common. Growing up in Africa, I was exposed to material poverty and that made me truly understand what it took to survive and live off the land. Five years after starting my office, I realized that architecture is not about building glitzy structures for the rich but about creating sustainable livelihoods for those who are marginalized and underprivileged. This realization has led me to work with over 30 indigenous peoples the world over.



Q: You have worked in many countries on behalf of the World Bank, International Finance Corporation (IFC), United States Agency for International Development (USAID), German Corporation for International Cooperation (GIZ), National Geographic, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), African Wildlife Foundation, to name a few. What projects have you done in Africa lately?



A: I am currently working on several projects; in Liberia and in Kenya. My firm HM Design is creating a protected area master plan for the East Nimba Nature Reserve, in northern Liberia. 



The key aspects of the projects include the protection of endangered species such as the western chimpanzee, the sustainable development of local people, and ecotourism. In addition, we are designing ‘One Health’ centers, a concept initiated by One Health Alliance and the Food and Agriculture Organization, for the stewardship of the health of humans, animals and plants.



We are also working with USAID on a master plan for the Sapo National Park in Liberia, one of the most biologically-rich rainforests in the world.



In Kenya, we are working with the Maasai communities and conservation NGOs to create a Visitor, Research, Information and Sustainability Center in the two most important ecosystems – the Amboseli National Park and Maasai Mara Game Reserve. Currently, we are also creating a Maasai Mara Sustainability Center with support from the Oliveseed Foundation to educate Maasai women by creating a library and a sustainability center in Kenya. We are also creating a community center for the Noonkotiak Maasai community in partnership with the African Conservation Center headed by Dr David Western, the former head of the Kenyan Wildlife Service.



Q. You were given an outstanding achievement award by United Nations’ bodies for the alleviation of poverty and for protecting sensitive environments. Can you please tell us about some of your work in that respect?



A: In my work around the world, especially while working in protected areas, the people who are most impacted are the local communities whose needs must be met in any such projects. The award that you mentioned was for my work in protected areas, especially in Africa, such as in the Nyungwe National Park, Africa’s largest montane forest, in Rwanda and the Virunga Massif, shared by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Uganda.



Q: I understand that Nyungwe National Park in Rwanda and Bale Mountains National Park in Ethiopia have been recently named as World Heritage Sites by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). What was your contribution to these projects?



A: I am so thrilled that these parks have been recognized by UNESCO. I prepared the physical master plans for both places. In Nyungwe, this included the protection of mammal species such as chimpanzees and helping benefit local communities by creating an investment apparatus for local entrepreneurs. The Bale Mountains National Park in Ethiopia is high plateau at over 11,000ft which I refer to as the Tibet of Africa. My company HM Design prepared the ecotourism master plans which were part of the World Heritage Site package that was submitted to UNESCO. Both Nyungwe and Bale are amazing natural treasures, and I am so proud to be associated with these parks.



Q: Your book Authentic Ecolodges published by HarperCollins is a coffee-table publication; how did you manage to compile material for this project?



A: It all began with me preparing a ‘how to’ technical guidelines book on eco-lodges in 2002. This book, International Ecolodge Guidelines, was widely received by the ecotourism community, so I set about using the criteria set in the book to publish visual, exemplary examples of authentic eco-lodges around the world. The book highlights 36 properties from the 46 countries that I visited and evaluated for publication.



Q: You have designed many of the properties that I have visited by chance the world over. But what fascinates me even more is your life as an international cricketer. What were some of your crowning moments?



A: I first started playing cricket for East Africa at the age of 17, even before I played for my country, Kenya! All this was whilst still in high school. My crowning moment was when I captained the Kenyan team in 1987.



The first cricket bat (Slazenger) that Kapil Dev owned was given as a gift to him from me in 1977. He later signed a huge contract with the bat manufacturer and used a Slazenger bat during India’s successful run to win the World Cup in 1983.



In a three-day game in 1977 and before Kapil Dev had played for India, he borrowed my bat and then proceeded to hit me for three sixes&#8230; I also bowled five consecutive maidens against Sunil Gavaskar but he went on to score a double-century!

Working with the Maasai communities and conservation NGOs; image supplied

On Conservation And Cricket: The All-Rounder In African Ecotourism

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on Monday said Israel will be moving forward with a planned attack on the city of Rafah in the Gaza Strip despite pleas from the United States and other countries concerned for the 1 million civilians sheltering there.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h2>



Netanyahu&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/netanyahu/status/1777380259131789536" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">on Monday said</a>&nbsp;a victory against the militant group Hamas, which attacked Israel in October, &#8220;requires entry into Rafah and the elimination of the terrorist battalions there. It will happen &#8211; there is a date.”



The prime minister has&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/maryroeloffs/2024/02/09/israeli-prime-minister-orders-plan-to-evacuate-13-million-people-in-rafah/?sh=69e1c8e22e08">for months insisted</a>&nbsp;attacks in Rafah, a city in the southern Gaza strip, are necessary to eliminate Hamas and win the six-month war, but Western allies have warned against attacking the city that holds more than 1 million civilian refugees who have been driven from their homes.



Netanyahu’s announcement follows backlash from his far-right supporters after <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/zacharyfolk/2024/04/07/rafah-invasion-on-pause-israel-withdraws-most-troops-from-southern-gaza-heres-what-that-could-mean/?sh=5046a14124b2">Israel withdrew</a> most of its troops from southern Gaza on Sunday, a decision met with scrutiny and a threat from security minister Itamar Ben-Gvir <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/5b4fed42-cbb6-472d-8e3a-6249c6d9c6cb" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">warning</a> that if he didn’t launch a &#8220;large-scale offensive&#8221; in Rafah, Netanyahu &#8220;will not have a mandate to continue&#8221; as prime minister.



The United States has put increasing pressure on Netanyahu to not authorize a major military strike in Rafah—President Joe Biden weeks ago said to do so would be a “<a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/18/biden-warns-netanyahu-against-mistake-of-invading-rafah-white-house" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">mistake</a>” and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/biden-warns-israel-to-protect-civilians-aid-workers-in-gaza-or-risk-losing-u-s-support#:~:text=Today%2C%20for%20the%20first%20time,the%20civilian%20suffering%20in%20Gaza." rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Thursday said</a>&nbsp;continued U.S. support for the war in Gaza would depend on how well Israel worked to protect civilians and aid workers.



Biden told Netanyahu that he needed to take “measurable” steps to ease &#8220;civilian harm, humanitarian suffering and the safety of aid workers” or risk losing the support of the United States, Israel&#8217;s closest ally.



About two-thirds of the entire population of the Gaza Strip (some 1.5 million people) was sheltering in Gaza as of two weeks ago with no safe way to evacuate, Deepmala Mahl of the humanitarian organization CARE International&nbsp;<a href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/israeli-invasion-rafah-palestinian-civilians/story?id=108395828#:~:text=With%20about%20two-thirds%20of,evacuate%20them%2C%22%20she%20said." rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">told ABC News</a>&nbsp;while warning of a &#8220;terrible loss of life&#8221; if Israel&#8217;s military invades.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">KEY BACKGROUND</h2>



Netanyahu&#8217;s announcement comes one day after the six-month anniversary of an attack on Israel by Hamas that saw the group kill about 1,200 Israelis and take 253 hostages on Oct. 7. Twenty days later, Israel responded by carrying out attacks in Gaza that the territory’s&nbsp;<a href="https://www.barrons.com/news/health-ministry-in-hamas-run-gaza-says-war-death-toll-at-33-207-1c950825" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">health ministry says</a>&nbsp;have killed more than 33,000 people. In that time, more than 2.3 million residents of Gaza have been displaced, more than half of whom&nbsp;<a href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-news-02-09-2024-d3229eec6a85c071248d3ddc2de2a73e" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">sought shelter</a>&nbsp;in Rafah. Military operations in Rafah have been increasingly criticized by foreign governments and international organizations. The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nrc.no/news/2024/february/gaza-israels-military-operation-in-rafah-would-be-fatal-for-displaced-civilians-and-humanitarian-aid/#:~:text=Any%20further%20deterioration%20in%20humanitarian,showers%2C%20or%20personal%20hygiene%20items." rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Norwegian Refugee Council</a>&nbsp;said an attack would &#8220;turn Rafah into a zone of bloodshed and destruction&#8221; and&nbsp;<a href="https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/care-statement-grave-humanitarian-consequences-military-operation-rafah" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">CARE International&nbsp;</a>warned against &#8220;devastating consequences for civilians.&#8221; In addition to Biden&#8217;s concerns on behalf of the United States, more than two dozen countries in the&nbsp;<a href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/israeli-invasion-rafah-palestinian-civilians/story?id=108395828#:~:text=With%20about%20two-thirds%20of,evacuate%20them%2C%22%20she%20said." rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">European Union</a>&nbsp;(all but Hungry) last month warned against what they called a &#8220;catastrophic&#8221; offensive plan in Rafah.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-to-watch-for">WHAT TO WATCH FOR</h2>



Continued negotiations in Cairo. Israel’s foreign minister Israel Katz on Monday told Israel’s Army Radio that the country has reached a &#8220;critical point&#8221; in its negotiations with Hamas over the safe return of 133 hostages still held in Gaza by the militant group. “I am more optimistic than I was,&#8221;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ft.com/content/5b4fed42-cbb6-472d-8e3a-6249c6d9c6cb" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">he reportedly said</a>, &#8220;but we can’t promise things when dealing with Hamas.” Netanyahu&#8217;s&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/netanyahu/status/1777380259131789536" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">statement</a>&nbsp;Monday also referenced the talks in Cairo, saying &#8220;we are working all the time to achieve our goals, primarily the release of all our hostages and achieving a complete victory over Hamas.&#8221;

Destruction in Khan Yunis after Israel’s withdrawal

Israel Moving Ahead With Plan To Attack Rafah: ’There Is A Date,’ Netanyahu Says

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In a move aimed at addressing decades of economic turmoil, Zimbabwe recently launched its new gold-backed currency, Zimbabwe Gold, ZiG, with hopes of bringing stability to its volatile financial landscape. However, experts warn that the road ahead for ZiG is fraught with challenges, with doubts lingering over its ability to enact meaningful change without systemic and governmental shifts to match.



Renowned South African economic analyst Daniel Silke cautions against placing too much faith in the currency&#8217;s ability to single-handedly solve Zimbabwe&#8217;s economic woes. Silke suggests that while a new currency may offer a temporary reprieve, lasting stability requires comprehensive economic and political reforms. He emphasizes to FORBES AFRICA, &#8220;A new currency is like putting a plaster over a wound, rather than treating its cause.&#8221; Silke&#8217;s analogy underscores the deeper structural issues facing Zimbabwe&#8217;s economy, highlighting the need for systemic change beyond mere currency reform.



Marisa Lourenço, an independent political and risk analyst, echoes Silke&#8217;s sentiments, expressing skepticism about ZiG&#8217;s potential impact on inflationary pressures. Lourenço points out that Zimbabwe&#8217;s history of currency failures highlights the need for more than just a change in currency. She emphasizes the importance of building reserves, committing to long-term monetary policies, and tackling corruption to address root causes of economic instability. &#8220;Printing money actually drives up inflation, which we have seen happen before in Zimbabwe,” she asserts in an interview with FORBES AFRICA, underscoring the complex interplay between monetary policy and inflation dynamics, suggesting that ZiG may not provide the desired solution to Zimbabwe&#8217;s economic challenges.



The introduction of ZiG comes amidst a backdrop of skepticism surrounding the Zimbabwean government&#8217;s ability to manage monetary policy effectively. Lourenço suggests that a stable monetary policy is crucial for maintaining ZiG&#8217;s credibility in the long term. She advocates for a liberalized currency regime, allowing the market to determine the currency&#8217;s value without undue interference from the central bank. &#8220;A stable monetary policy that enables a liberalized currency regime is essential,&#8221; Lourenço states, emphasizing the importance of market-driven mechanisms.



One of the key challenges facing ZiG is its coexistence alongside other currencies, particularly the United States (U.S.) dollar, which remains widely used in transactions. Silke highlights the dominance of the U.S. dollar and the difficulty of displacing it, especially in a country like Zimbabwe with an entrenched parallel market. Lourenço adds that Zimbabwe&#8217;s currency instability makes it challenging: &#8220;Given Zimbabwe’s track record in being unable to sustain its own currency on at least two occasions, the uptake of the ZiG is going to be difficult to enforce.&#8221;



Concerns have also been raised about the adequacy of gold reserves to back the new currency. Lourenço suggests that Zimbabwe&#8217;s government needs external assistance to address its massive debt arrears. However, she notes that political and economic reforms, including respecting democratic freedoms and implementing stable monetary policies, are essential for restoring confidence in ZiG&#8217;s stability. &#8220;Zimbabwe desperately needs external assistance to help clear its massive debt arrears,&#8221; Lourenço asserts, highlighting the urgency of international support. However, she cautions that without fundamental reforms, Zimbabwe may struggle to overcome its economic challenges and restore confidence in ZiG.



Despite these challenges, Silke remains cautiously optimistic about Zimbabwe&#8217;s future. He suggests that while the road ahead may be difficult, there is potential for positive change if the government commits to meaningful reforms. &#8220;Zimbabwe has the opportunity to turn things around,&#8221; Silke states, &#8220;but it will require bold leadership and decisive action.&#8221; Lourenço echoes this sentiment, emphasizing the need for political will and international cooperation to support Zimbabwe&#8217;s recovery efforts.

Zimbabwe Replaces Battered Dollar With New Unit Called ZiG

Can Zimbabwe’s New Gold-Backed Currency Solve Its Economic Woes? Experts Weigh In

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



A total of 322 trucks carrying humanitarian aid entered Gaza on Sunday—the most in a single day since the war began—the Israeli Ministry of Defense confirmed on Sunday, as Israel faces increased scrutiny over its treatment of aid workers that has resulted in over 200 deaths so far.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">KEY FACTS</h2>



A total of 228 of the trucks that crossed into Gaza on Sunday were carrying food, said the Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories in a&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/cogatonline/status/1777030931280167407?s=46&amp;t=XMT4bHReB9TWcV5q_r0pFw" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">statement</a>&nbsp;on social media, the Israeli Ministry of Defense’s department that handles humanitarian aid shipments.



The rapid increase in aid deliveries follows increased scrutiny on the process after&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/caileygleeson/2024/04/02/netanyahu-says-israel-deeply-regrets-strike-that-killed-7-aid-workers-what-we-know-about-victims/?sh=3d7d6d9275fb">seven aid workers</a>&nbsp;with World Conflict Kitchen were killed in Israeli air strikes on Monday.



One of the seven international aid workers was an American citizen, prompting the White House to call for “specific, concrete, and measurable steps to address civilian harm, humanitarian suffering, and the safety of aid workers.”



Following a tense conversation with President Biden on Thursday, Israel reopened the Erez Crossing, the large border entry between northern Gaza and Israel, and announced it would allow aid shipments to flow through the port of Ashdod.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">KEY BACKGROUND</h2>



The increased pressure to protect international aid workers comes after the Israeli government apologized for the deaths of the seven World Conflict Kitchen workers on Monday. After an&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2024/04/05/idf-fires-senior-officers-after-deadly-strike-on-aid-workers-as-it-blames-mistaken-identification/?sh=7cb8b7f7ae7f">IDF investigation</a>, the Israeli military called the attack a “grave mistake stemming from a serious failure due to a mistaken identification,” and dismissed two senior officers over the strike. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu also&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/netanyahu/status/1775214347519660112" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">apologized</a>, adding that “we will do everything in our power to ensure that such tragedies do not occur in the future.” José Andrés, the celebrity chef and founder of World Conflict Kitchen, told&nbsp;<a href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/week-transcript-4-7-24-chef-jos-andrs/story?id=108949216" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">ABC News’s</a>&nbsp;Martha Raddatz the attack was “unforgivable” and called for Israel to face “a real reckoning on how they conduct war.” Andres thanked Israeli military for releasing the results of the investigation so quickly, but also called for an independent investigation into the attack. “The perpetrator cannot be investigating himself,” Andrés said.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">BIG NUMBER</h2>



More than 220. That’s how many international aid workers have been killed in Gaza since the war began on Oct. 7, according to the most recent&nbsp;<a href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/04/1148276" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">U.N. estimates</a>. Speaking on Friday, U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called for an independent investigation into the other deaths. “We want to know why each one of them was killed,”&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2024/apr/05/we-want-to-know-why-un-chief-questions-israel-on-196-aid-workers-killed-in-gaza-video" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Guterres demanded</a>&nbsp;after a meeting of the U.N. Security Council.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">TANGENT</h2>



Although a record number of aid trucks entered Gaza on Sunday, aid shipments have faced other issues making it into the besieged territory during the war. In February, a group of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/02/10/gaza-aid-blockade-protest-kerem-shalom/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">far-right Israeli activists</a>&nbsp;camped out in front of aid convoys attempting to enter Gaza through the Kerem Shalom Crossing. Aid shipments have also been threatened by members of Netanyahu’s government. Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich, a far-right member of Netanyahu’s coalition,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.axios.com/2024/02/13/israel-gaza-flour-shipment" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">intervened to block</a>&nbsp;a shipment of flour bound for Gaza from the U.S.

Humanitarian aid trucks at Rafah Border Crossing

Largest Aid Convoy Enters Gaza Since War Began Amid Mounting Pressure On Israel

The number of annual prostate cancer diagnoses is expected to roughly double by 2040, according to a study published Thursday in The Lancet medical journal, with the number of annual deaths attributable to the disease expected to rise by 85% in the same amount of time—an increase driven by lower-income countries.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h2>



Scientists at the London Institute of Cancer Research predict there will be 2.9 million annual cases of prostate cancer around the world by 2040, more than twice as many as the 1.4 million cases seen in 2020, with the increase expected to be most prominent among men in low- and middle-income countries.



Subsequently, researchers estimate deaths due to the disease will rise to almost 700,000 per year in 2040, up from the 375,000 in 2020.



While prostate cancer deaths have declined in most high-income countries over the last 30 years, mortality rates and the number of cases continue to rise in low- and middle-income countries, particularly those without access to early blood detection screening called PSA testing.



The study suggests that even in high-income countries, men at high risk—like those with family history, those of African descent and those with the BRACA2 gene mutation—be screened for the cancer early using PSA testing and MRI scans.



Researchers warn lifestyle changes and public health interventions will do little to stop the rise in cases as the main risk factors for the disease—being a man over 50 and having a family history of prostate cancer—are unavoidable.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-crucial-quote">CRUCIAL QUOTE</h2>



“As more and more men around the world live to middle and old age, there will be an inevitable rise in the number of prostate cancer cases,&#8221; lead author Dr. Nick James said in a statement. &#8220;We know this surge in cases is coming, so we need to start planning and take action now.&#8221;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">KEY BACKGROUND</h2>



Prostate cancer is already responsible for 15% of all male cancers, and is the most common form of cancer in men in more than half of countries around the world, the Lancet study said. It is possible for women to be diagnosed with prostate cancer, but&nbsp;<a href="https://www.baptisthealth.com/blog/womens-care/can-women-have-prostate-cancer#:~:text=Women%20can%20develop%20cancer%20in,0.003%25%20of%20all%20genital%20cancers." rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">studies have suggested</a>&nbsp;as few as 0.003% of cases are found in women. There is no cure for metastatic prostate cancer, but many cases&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/prostate-cancer/types-treatment#:~:text=There%20is%20no%20cure%20for,that%20extend%20life%20even%20further." rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">are treatable</a>&nbsp;and, if discovered early, it&#8217;s not uncommon for patients to outlive the disease. Those diagnosed within the first three stages are likely to be cancer-free after five years, according to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/prostate-cancer/prostate-cancer-prognosis#:~:text=High%20Cure%20Rates%20for%20Local,disease%2Dfree%20after%20five%20years." rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">John Hopkins Medicine</a>, but there is little that can be medically done for the cancer in&nbsp;<a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stage-4-prostate-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377972" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">late stage</a>. Johns Hopkins estimates 80 to 85% of all prostate cancers are found early, but cases found late have an average five-year survival rate of only 28%. Because of the importance of early detection, countries with less access to screenings have a higher rate of prostate cancer and deaths among residents. While prostate cancer rates are highest in countries including Ireland, Sweden and France, deaths rates from the disease are highest in the lower-income and predominantly Black nations of Zimbabwe, Barbados, Haiti and Zambia, according to the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wcrf.org/cancer-trends/prostate-cancer-statistics/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">World Cancer Research Fund</a>. Most prostate cancer research, however, is done on white men, the Lancet study reports, while also placing an emphasis on the need for more research involving patients of different ethnicities, especially those of West African descent.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-tangent">TANGENT</h2>



A number of high-profile celebrities have publicly shared their journeys with prostate cancer. British actor&nbsp;<a href="http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/health/2012/12/12/ian-mckellen-diagnosed-with-early-stage-prostate-cancer-years-ago#:~:text=Doctors%20diagnosed%20Sir%20Ian%20McKellen,%2C%22%20according%20to%20the%20site." rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Sir Ian McKellen</a>, now 84, said he was given an early stage prostate cancer diagnosis in 2005 or 2006.&nbsp;<a href="https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=101017&amp;page=1" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Robert De Niro</a>, now 80, was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2003 at age 60 and went on to make a full recovery. Other public figures who&#8217;ve shared their diagnosis include former Secretary of State&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/12/us/kerry-to-undergo-surgery-for-prostate-cancer-today.html" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">John Kerry,</a>&nbsp;former New York City Mayor&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/15/nyregion/giuliani-undergoes-implant-to-treat-his-prostate-cancer.html" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Rudy Giuliani</a>, actor&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/yourbestlife/cancer_and_you/comedian-and-actor-ben-stiller-brought-attention-to-early-screening-for-prostate-cancer/article_10b7ed1c-5fb1-11ee-b555-7fdb3fd50b39.html#:~:text=His%20doctor%20ordered%20a%20follow,to%20have%20this%20test%20done." rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Ben Stiller</a>&nbsp;and billionaire&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2012/09/14/warren-buffett-completes-prostate-cancer-treatments.html#:~:text=In%20April%2C%20he%20announced%20that,debilitating%20in%20any%20meaningful%20way.%22" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Warren Buffet</a>. Buckingham Palace has confirmed that King Charles of England does not have prostate cancer, but has not shared what type of cancer he&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/zacharyfolk/2024/02/05/king-charles-diagnosed-with-cancer-after-hospital-stay/">was diagnosed with</a>&nbsp;earlier this year. The health discovery came after the monarch was treated for an enlarged prostate. His daughter-in-law and the future Queen,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/maryroeloffs/2024/03/22/kate-middleton-cancer-diagnosis-prince-william-rose-hanbury-denies-rumors/">Kate Middleton</a>, also shared she has been diagnosed with cancer, but did not specify a type.

Tag: Nigeria

FORBES AFRICA SOCIAL MEDIA