Temie Giwa-Tubosun supplies blood to hospitals and oxygen to Covid-19 patients in Nigeria. The special deliveries arrive with doses of compassion and hope.



Life cannot be interrupted, can it? Hence, Temie Giwa-Tubosun’s business clock runs 24 hours a day, all year, delivering life-saving medical products to hospitals across Nigeria. “We never close our doors. In the past four years, I don’t remember a time when we have not had our doors open; Covid or no Covid, Christmas Day or no Christmas Day,” says Giwa-Tubosun, matter-of-factly, in an interview with FORBES AFRICA. Long before Covid-19 and the reimagined focus on access to health into Africa’s remotest corners, Giwa-Tubosun had decided that if she was going to make a success of anything, it was going to be by using the power of data, technology and logistics to deliver essential medical supplies in Nigeria. In 2016, she founded LifeBank, a healthcare delivery solution that represented the culmination of her own personal journey of heartache, tenacity and commitment. The Nigerian-American started with supplying blood, and now delivers everything from oxygen to insulin for those in critical need of them. And now, also ventilators for serious Covid-19 patients. “We knew we needed to be of use to our country when the coronavirus hit. I was very worried about the access to ventilators and I was doing a lot of work around making sure ventilators are available. We called all the hospitals and put a list together to make them available to those who needed it. “Then after that, I felt like we needed to do more testing and we partnered with other agencies and pushed for the first mass-testing drive through testing centers in Nigeria. We have done two and we are working on doing two more,” says the LifeBank CEO. Her latest venture is an oxygen delivery service called AirBank for Covid-19 victims. According to Giwa-Tubosun, about 40% of Covid-19 patients need oxygen and only 5% need ventilators. “The reason people don’t talk about oxygen is because in the West, access to oxygen is not a problem so there has not been a focus on it, but in Nigeria, access to oxygen is a major problem so we thought we need to make sure oxygen is available to [everyone] across the country. So, we then started what we called AirBank and started delivering oxygen to isolation centers across the country.” Born and raised in Nigeria, in her formative years, Giwa-Tubosun shifted to the United States (US) with her five siblings when her mother won the US visa lottery, allowing the family to escape a life of poverty in Nigeria. “It was a nice childhood but things got bad when my parents stopped getting paid as teachers and we got really poor,” recalls Giwa-Tubosun. Her new life in the US, the land of dreams, gave her purpose. After obtaining a Masters in Public Administration from the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, Giwa-Tubosun joined the World Health Organization (WHO) in Switzerland, where she worked on health financing, before moving on to a firm in Minnesota back in the US where she was responsible for health systems and technologies. Then came a fellowship with Global Health Corps, a non-profit organization founded by Barbara Bush, the daughter of former US president George W Bush. Here, Giwa-Tubosun was part of a group of young leaders in global health for about a year before joining the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Uganda, where she worked on health supply chains before moving to Nigeria, to get married. After a stint working in healthcare with Lagos State as an operations manager, she decided to give motherhood a try. “I went back to Minnesota to have my child but it was a very difficult pregnancy. I had a lot of complications; he was born very early and I was on bed-rest for a while and it was through this period that I started thinking more about my health.” And the health of other mothers like her. After doing some research around maternal health, she found that the number one cause of maternal death was postpartum hemorrhage, a condition in which a woman bleeds heavily after giving birth. “It is a very big problem and has the highest [incidence] of maternal death. Other causes of maternal death take about five hours but this one is very quick,” says Giwa-Tubosun. “The data is that eight out of 10 women who have postpartum hemorrhage in Africa could be saved with access to blood.” LifeBank uses a supply chain system that can make cost-effective deliveries of critical supplies round the clock in every village, town and city across the country. “We have saved over 5,000 people. And you will see little cards on the walls [in our office with] the names of the persons we saved and the date we saved their lives, so this impact is one of the most important things for me,” says Giwa-Tubosun, who recently was also adjudged sub-Saharan Africa winner of the 2020 edition of the Cartier Women’s Initiative. But she has no time to rest on her laurels. She says she continues to seek ways to reach out to those who do not have easy access to good healthcare services. “It’s been incredibly gratifying to do this work,” says Giwa-Tubosun. Indeed, her words matter, at a time when passion and compassion must surely overtake commerce.

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Banking On Life: Commerce With Compassion

At this year’s <a href="http://www.forbesafrica.com/focus/2018/03/13/africa-left-cold/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">World Economic Forum in Davos</a>, Rwanda featured prominently for its drone technology, especially for its delivery of blood supplies to its rural areas.
The small East African nation was praised for being the first country in the world to adopt performance-based regulation for drones, which includes policies for safety, innovation and approvals.
Most would imagine that a small emerging land locked economy would have far more pressing priorities than drone technology, an element of the fourth industrial revolution which is still in concept phase in most developed countries, but they would be wrong.
The country is using it as an opportunity to address age old struggles, such as preventable deaths like postpartum bleeding.
Regulation, however, is not Rwanda’s first global milestone with drone technology. In October 2016, the country was the first in the world to commercially launch and use drones to deliver medical supplies.
To understand this development, one has to travel to Muhanga, a small town in Rwanda’s Southern Province, which hosts the country’s ‘drone port’.
On a cloudy Thursday afternoon in January, a remotely-piloted buzzing drone flies low above Ruhango District Hospital, in Muhanga, drops a red package on the lawn and takes to the skies again.
The hospital’s patients are not surprised by the low-flying drone; they are accustomed to such occurrences. A nurse rushes out of the nearby consultation waiting area, picks up the package and makes his way back to the patients.
Earlier in the day, another drone made a similar drop at Kabgayi Hospital, about 30 minutes away. This is how Rwanda’s remote healthcare facilities receive blood supplies in the southern and western parts of the hilly country.
Previously, the delivery of blood supplies from the central National Centre for Blood Transfusion to remote parts of the country took hours, holding up resources and medical staff, and at times forcing them to spend a night in Kigali.
Prior to drones, it took ambulances four hours to transport blood supplies from Kigali to Kabgayi Hospital by road. The ambulance would need to make this trip two to four times a week.
Apart from the difficulties of the road trip, laboratory technicians had to abandon their facilities and patients to process orders of blood supplies. With the adoption of drone technology by the Rwandan government, through a public-private partnership, the process now takes about 30 minutes.
<a href="http://www.forbesafrica.com/entreprenuers/2017/07/17/mind-blown-drone-160kmh/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">READ MORE: Mind Blown By Drone At 160km/h</a>
The innovative initiative was launched in October 2016, following an agreement between the Rwandan government and Zipline, a robotics company in California.
The partnership was one-of-a-kind. Across the world, drones are associated with bombing and spying. In Rwanda, however, drones were a sight for sore eyes as they came with much-needed medical supplies.
To many people, the two partners were underdogs. Zipline was a start-up firm and was yet to commercially roll out the concept, while Rwanda was not renowned for being a global innovation hub.
Keller Rinaudo, the CEO and Co-Founder of Zipline, says they were driven to succeed because of the millions of lives lost across the world due to preventable causes, like excessive blood loss.
<div id="attachment_35690" style="width: 313px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-35690" class=" wp-image-35690" src="https://www.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Zipline-300x278.jpg" alt="" width="303" height="281" />Zipline co-founders Keller Rinaudo (left) and Will Hetzler at the launch of the firm&#8217;s operations in Muhanga (Photo by Faustin Niyigena)</div>
While most countries adopted a wait and see attitude, Rwanda was willing to step up.
“Millions of women across the world die each year due to postpartum hemorrhaging (PPH). In fact, the United States has the highest rate of maternal death due to PPH in the industrialized world. It&#8217;s a major global problem. Rwanda was the first country in the world to step up and decide that they would tackle it with the most cutting-edge technology available,” says Rinaudo.
As the Rwandan government established regulatory framework to operate drones, Zipline gathered advice from everyone involved, including governmental departments, doctors, nurses, National Centre for Blood Transfusion officials, and laboratory technicians.
“The easy part was building the technology. The hard part was integrating with the national health system,” says Rinaudo.
As Zipline was building an ecosystem for drone technology, the state was looking at the safety and security concerns around the disruptive technology. This resulted in regulations such as seeking clearance from the Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority before taking off, registration of drones, and acquiring flying permits.
These regulations reduce the likelihood of drones being used for illegal activities or interfering with a plane’s flight path.
The hype around the innovative project attracted the attention of international corporations.
UPS, a global logistics firm, and Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI), a public-private global health partnership, sought to be involved.
UPS, with an interest in using drones for their own deliveries, supported the initial launch with a grant of $800,000. GAVI was using the project to see if they could use the model elsewhere and improve healthcare across the world.
With a staff of about 50 and a fleet of 15 drones, Zipline has since made over 2,000 deliveries with over a quarter of them saving lives. The company is now looking to double the number of its drones as well as adding more advanced drones to its fleet.
“Our base in Rwanda has operated with 15 planes. We&#8217;re replacing those aircraft with the next generation and will soon begin flying 30 drones from each base we operate,” says Rinaudo.
This is welcome news for Rwandans, like Esperanza Ugirambabazi, who needed a transfusion when giving birth to her son at Kabgayi Hospital. In about 30 minutes, this was made possible because of one of the drones.
Another young mother from the same district tells of her months-old son who had malaria and urgently needed a blood transfusion. He is alive today because of the drone delivery.
The success of the project has led to a second phase starting in the eastern part of Rwanda, as well as demand for the service in other African countries.
“We&#8217;re in the process of setting up a second base in Rwanda to serve the rest of the country, bringing all 11 million citizens within a reach of this lifesaving technology. We&#8217;ll be expanding across Africa and the world this year. Zipline is building an instant delivery service for the planet,” Rinaudo says confidently.
Tanzania, with a neighbor of Rwanda, has expressed demand for the services. In 2017, the country announced that it would launch drone delivery services to provide medical supplies in the first quarter of 2018.
The Tanzanian Ministry of Health ambitiously intends to make up to 2,000 deliveries a day to over 1,000 facilities across the country, targeting about 10 million people. The country has already established regulatory framework for the technology.
<div id="attachment_35691" style="width: 510px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-35691" class=" wp-image-35691" src="https://www.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/A-drone-on-a-ramp-ready-to-take-off-from-Muhanga-Drone-Port-in-Southern-Province-of-Rwanda.-Faustin-Niyigena-300x208.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="346" />A drone ready to take off from Muhanga drone port in Rwanda&#8217;s Southern Province (Photo by Faustin Niyigena)</div>
For Rwanda, the success of the partnership with Zipline is just the start.
Rwanda’s Minister of Information Technology and Communication Jean de Dieu Rurangirwa says that the country is creating an enabling environment for further deployment of drone technology.
Beyond regulation, the government has been mulling plans to build capacity among emerging techies to increase the number of players in the sector.
“Building on the success of Zipline’s blood delivery technology, we are working to nurture a drone industry. As we look to the future, we will continue to put in place the infrastructure and policy frameworks that accelerate the adoption of emerging technologies to transform people’s lives,” says Rurangirwa.
“We are also establishing capacity-building programs to invest in local talent and leverage public-private partnerships to lay the groundwork for the Fourth Industrial Revolution.”
<a href="http://www.forbesafrica.com/woman/2015/10/01/something-to-drone-about/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">READ MORE: Something To Drone About</a>
Already, other sectors have been working around incorporating the technology in their line of work.
In Musanze District, in the Northern Province, a pilot test phase is underway to introduce drone technology for potato crop monitoring, involving around 20 farming cooperatives. This will monitor for pests and diseases, which could boost crop harvests.
There are also conversations about introducing drones in the famous Akagera National Park to combat poaching.
With the new regulations in place, small businesses and entrepreneurs are finding ways to make the most of the technology. Local photographers, for example, are in the process of acquiring drones so their services can include aerial photography.
Renowned British architect Norman Foster is another who has been quick to take advantage. His firm, Foster + Partners, has expressed interest in building the world’s first drone port in the country.
Rwanda’s approach and progress in drone technology is seen as a model for other countries in the region.
“The government of Rwanda’s leadership in co-designing agile policy frameworks around the use of drones could be a model for other countries that want to accelerate adoption of this game-changing technology,” says Murat Sonmez, Head of the Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, based in San Francisco.
Rwanda may be a small country, but it’s taking giant strides.
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&#8211; By Collins Mwai

Heroes In The Sky

In December, when most people were opening Christmas gifts, Nevin Siralen Pillay was unwrapping packages containing semen-stained underwear and bras.
It was a busy month for him and business as usual, unpacking innocuous boxes with questionable contents and addressing strange requests for human DNA testing, from South Africa and beyond.
It would be an understatement to say the 39-year-old Durban-based Managing Director of DNATest, a South African company specializing in relationship and forensic DNA testing, leads an eventful life.
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His office could be regarded as part-lab, part-theater, judging by the cast of characters who walk in every day – anxious men waiting to confirm the paternity of ‘their children’, suspicious women wanting to nail cheating spouses and long-lost family members seeking to establish their biological relationship.
Pillay says he gathers his wits about him every day, laughing at life’s tragicomedies. This is the only way, he says, he can cope.
“I tend to deal with it by making a joke of it and hoping for the best. For instance, there are so many cases of paternity tests, but at the end of the day, a child – an innocent party – is involved, and I tell people not to forget that.”
Although he has marketing in his genes – “I am very marketing-minded” – Pillay’s career was not meant to be in genetics, of all things. He studied sports management and is a self-confessed sports freak into tennis, cricket, soccer, offroad 4X4 driving – and he visits the gym five times a week. After university, he didn’t venture far, starting out as a sales manager in his family’s chemical business in Durban.
“I come from an entrepreneurial family. I joined my family’s business Chemlog, an established chemical manufacturing business that has been around for the last 27 years.”
He was with Chemlog until 2007, which was when certain pertinent incidents in his life and career contrived to change his destiny, draining him ‘emotionally and physically’.
That year, he got divorced and also faced an armed robbery that changed his thinking – forever.
“I have been a victim of four armed burglaries in my life. The first one was when I was at home in Durban. The next three were when I was at work. Each time, I have been beaten and roughed up. But the third time, one of the burglars spat on me, and I waited for an hour until the police arrived. The cops asked me to wipe the spit off my face. And I thought: ‘there is DNA there, why wouldn’t you use it?’ That’s when the idea hit me, and I started researching the use of DNA for forensic analysis… It soon dawned on me that South African legislation did not allow for the outsourcing of DNA forensic work.”
“I was watching [investigative journalism TV show] Carte Blanche one night, and they had a segment on the backlog in forensic crime in South Africa. This was on Sunday night. On Monday, I had decided I wanted to open a lab in South Africa. [To start with], paternity tests were the way to go.”
Pillay approached DNA Solutions, an Australian-based DNA testing and research organization, to give him the initial support to start the operation.
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He founded his company, DNATest, as a testing laboratory in Durban in 2007, with the vision of exploring commercial forensic testing. His intention was simple: to help trace perpetrators of crime in South Africa using DNA evidence, while making a business of it. In 2009, his was also the first company to launch the home paternity test kit.
“I didn’t come from a medical background, so I had to learn all about it. In the beginning, it was just based on word of mouth – we did two tests a month. In the second month, we did 10. I wasn’t selling milk and bread. This was a product somebody looked for only when needed.”
Pillay introduced the DNA test kit to the South African market, in retail pharmacies such as DisChem, where one can purchase a R1,000 ($85) paternity kit over the counter.
“Over time, we see a trend from an economic point of view. A guy would rather pay R1,000 on the test than pay monthly maintenance [for a child that was not his].The lower to middle income groups find paternity tests are an easy way out,” says Pillay.
And there is awareness about it among all income groups now, says Pillay, thanks to the ‘television soapies’ and detective serials such as CSI portraying DNA analysis.
Clients purchasing the home test kits use oral swabs to collect cheek cells containing DNA from inside the mouth, and then get in touch with Pillay’s office to have the samples collected. They are then analyzed and the results discreetly disclosed. The accuracy of results, says Pillay, start from 99.9%, which is exceedingly accurate for paternity testing.
Today, Pillay’s company is growing from strength to strength. His clients include royalty, politicians, celebrities and the common man. He also works for child welfare groups, where relatives of orphaned or abandoned children want to confirm their biological relationship.
Last year, DNATest recorded a R10 million ($853,000) turnover. Pillay had started his company with capital of R100,000 ($8,533). His formula for success?
“Blending medical technology with clever marketing, as it’s a commercial product,” says Pillay.
One of the highlights of his career was the high-profile DNA analysis in 2011 commissioned on behalf of the royal Zulu family of the late Zulu queen Thomozile Zulu who had died in 1959, and secretly buried. King Goodwill Zwelithini wanted to give his mother a ceremonial reburial, after years of not knowing where her remains were. The DNA test confirmed the remains were his mother’s.
“Our part was a forensic DNA analysis on bone. We were able to employ the best possible technology and experts available to match the sample for maternity to that of the king,” says Pillay.
The whole process was ‘a logistics nightmare’ however, as they needed to find a casket for the bones, which had to be dispatched – respectfully – to some of the most advanced labs in the United States.
“I spent sleepless nights,” recalls Pillay, but in the end, it got him recognition and the confidence to surge ahead.
“We are dealing with people’s lives and cannot afford to make mistakes. We have so far never made a mistake. We have never had a case of disparity of results,” says Pillay.
It’s a sentiment echoed by 24-year-old Kabir Dhupelia, who worked at DNATest as an intern in the initial years.
“Besides the fact that Nevin was doing something absolutely innovative, that people needed but didn’t have access to because of the cost, what made him stand out was his attention to detail. He was a stickler for facts, had the knowledge and was extremely forward-thinking. He was driven in business, and as a person, was laidback, casual and trusting,” remembers Dhupelia.
More recently, for the company, infidelity tests are proving to be more popular. Pillay says he has enough anecdotes to write a book – or a crime novel. But his job is not entirely a treat for the senses.
“We once had this client, a lady, who wanted to find out if her husband was cheating on her as she had found a [used] condom in the bin. She kept it over an extended period, and posted it to us, wrapped in plastic. We had to open the package and I can’t tell you, the smell was horrendous! I can never forget it!”
The samples – bras, underwear, bedsheets, cotton buds contaminated with anything from saliva to blood and semen – come from all over, traveling long distances in unsuspecting parcels from as far as Russia, China, Australia and Malta.
Pillay delivers another salvo.
“Then there is this case of a well-known, wealthy family in the Eastern Cape. The husband employed a private investigator to check if his wife was cheating on him. Every Monday, without fail, we would receive a semen-stained lady’s bra, for a semen-detection test. It continued for a period of six weeks. Eventually, we did prove that she was cheating on him.”
In another case, he recalls a 22-year-old girl from Durban who arrived at his door with her child and three guys, asking to test which one of them was the father of the child.
“It took us seven days to conduct the test, and at the end of it, I told her: ‘are you ready for this?’ The tests revealed that the child’s father was a fourth guy who was not present in the room. The girl was so blasé about it, but the three guys who came with her looked really relieved.”
Infidelity tests can be done for as little as R2,000 ($170), but what continues to amaze Pillay are the lengths suspicious men and women will go to acquire tangible evidence. Specimens could be anything from hair to clipped nails to ear wax to chewing gum, dental floss and cigarette stubs.
And then there is the story of the pastor in Port Elizabeth.
“The pastor’s wife knew he had cheated on her and had a daughter, now a grown woman who he never acknowledged. The wife always suspected she was his daughter, so she collected about R10,000 ($850) to enable the paternity test, drawing hair samples from his razor blade, and cigarette stubs from the girl. And she was proved right,” says Pillay.
Pillay also offers services from his offices in Namibia and Zimbabwe. In 2015, he will be opening new offices in Mozambique and Swaziland. On occasion, he says he has even had the Hawks (a special unit targeting organized crime in South Africa) approach him for assistance on cases.
His company handles about 250 relationship tests a month, of which about 10 to 20 are requests for infidelity tests. While more tests mean more business, on the flip side, it also speaks of society’s ills.
“[Typically], there is a surge in paternity tests from August to October. Because it is in December and January that people are sleeping around,” says Pillay, as you do the math.
In his own life, have these trends put him off marriage and commitment? Pillay says it has.
“I think I was hurt very badly after my divorce, and [even] among your network of friends, you see the guys who cheat, the women who are not happy…”
For now, he is a happy man in his off-hours, enjoying the outdoors and the sunny Durban beach. But he is never too far away from a package with his name on it and a damning sample that could change somebody’s life forever.

Tidy Profits From Messy Lives

A long trek through the parched mopane woodlands of Koakoland, in northwest Namibia, takes me to Otjikandero village, where I get a glimpse of Himba lifestyle. What impresses me is the cleanliness of the circular village, surrounded by the veld in an idyllic setting. Most Himba villages offer such visits for a small sum of money, like the Masaai of Tanzania do. This has helped them lead a sustainable lifestyle seen nowhere else.
These pastoral people live in communities of less than a hundred people. Himba women are known for smearing themselves with otjize, a paste of butter, fat and red ochre giving their skin and hair a reddish hue whilst also protecting them from the sun. The skin presumably symbolizes the color of the earth and of blood.
My guide during my 3,000 mile travel through southern Africa is a young lady from Cape Town. The Himba teenagers connect with her at a personal level. They touch her white face and feel her straight hair, while I am equally fascinated by their wonderful headdresses and ochre complexion.
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-29624 alignleft" src="http://www.forbesafrica.com/app/uploads/2017/05/FWA-2014-Oct-Nov-074-075-Namibia-004-300x199.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="199" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/FWA-2014-Oct-Nov-074-075-Namibia-004-300x199.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/FWA-2014-Oct-Nov-074-075-Namibia-004-600x398.jpg 600w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/FWA-2014-Oct-Nov-074-075-Namibia-004-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/FWA-2014-Oct-Nov-074-075-Namibia-004.jpg 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" />
Whereas the very young girls have braided hair falling in front of their faces, at the onset of puberty, they wear longer plaits loosely around the head. I am also told the hair is used as a veil to hide their shyness during those years. After puberty, the girls partake in a special ceremony, when their hair is washed and they are given the traditional ekori headdress made from tanned goatskin. After marriage, all women wear the erembe headdress, made from the skin of a goat’s head and fastened by leather thongs. They also wear hair extensions adorned with goat skin.
Bath Huts
Every Himba village has a ‘bath hut’ where women take turns to ‘smoke’ themselves with aromatic herbs. I am given the privilege to see one such demonstration. A young girl waves a small coal stove containing the smoke of aromatic herbs under her elaborate headdress for several minutes, then covering herself with a towel, and also smoking her torso and lower body parts. She then rubs herself with the otjize paste and emerges from the bath hut looking transformed.
The Himbas spend considerable time adorning themselves. They wear beaded necklaces that they craft themselves. Their chunky copper and silver anklets prevent them from snake bites as they walk in the bush.
Using the body as a canvas has been a vital part of ancient life the world over. Africa in particular is home to some of the most fascinating body art: skin painting, facial scarring, magnificent hairdos, lip and earlobe extensions, to name a few. The practice of body art was mostly predominant in Africa and meso-American cultures. As ancient practices are vanishing everywhere, the west has rediscovered body decorations by way of tattoos and piercings. A torch has thus been passed from the ancient to the modern era.
Unfortunately, I could not photograph any of the men since they had left the village to graze their herds. The Otjikandero village has adopted a few AIDS orphans from neighboring areas and raised them in the Himba tradition. I saw several of them playing. They all sported single plaited hairdos on shaven heads.
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-29625" src="http://www.forbesafrica.com/app/uploads/2017/05/FWA-2014-Oct-Nov-074-075-Namibia-005-199x300.jpg" alt="" width="199" height="300" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/FWA-2014-Oct-Nov-074-075-Namibia-005-199x300.jpg 199w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/FWA-2014-Oct-Nov-074-075-Namibia-005-300x452.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/FWA-2014-Oct-Nov-074-075-Namibia-005-600x904.jpg 600w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/FWA-2014-Oct-Nov-074-075-Namibia-005.jpg 680w" sizes="(max-width: 199px) 100vw, 199px" />
Before I bid farewell to these unique people, I visit the common kitchen and donate the 10 kilograms of rice that has traveled with me on a journey through souther

Tag: Blood

FORBES AFRICA SOCIAL MEDIA

Banking On Life: Commerce With Compassion

Heroes In The Sky

Tidy Profits From Messy Lives

The Red Women Of Namibia