Slap fighting is a raw, visceral, little-known combat sport gaining momentum across South Africa. It’s not for the faint-hearted, underscoring the need for greater regulation, even as proponents are trying hard to formalize the sport.



In the pantheon of African sports, where football reigns supreme, rugby commands fierce loyalty, and athletics showcases raw talent, a new contender is emerging from the shadows – slap fighting, a visceral, no-frills combat sport where opponents take turns delivering open-handed blows to each other’s faces.



It’s fast carving out a space in Africa’s diverse sporting landscape. What began as a niche spectacle, propelled by viral videos and grassroots enthusiasm, is now gaining traction with South Africa leading the charge and whispers of interest echoing from Nigeria to Kenya.



The sport’s introduction to Africa coincided with a post-Covid pandemic hunger for powerful entertainment, and local organizers seized the moment.



Founder and CEO of Ultimate Slap Fight South Africa, Bobby ‘The Punisher’ Krisch, discovered the sport while scrolling online.



“In 2020, when we had the first lockdown, my son introduced me to YouTube, and I started looking at all these slap fights. I just fell in love with the sport. I had a bag at the back of my house and every day I would walk past it and slap it. The first time,&nbsp;I hurt myself, so I left it for two weeks. But there was nothing to do and when I went back to the bag and started hitting it again, I thought, ‘flip man, I can do this’.”



Slap fighting’s origins are often traced to Eastern Europe, particularly Russia, where videos of burly men slapping each other senseless went viral a decade before Krisch discovered&nbsp;the sport. It&nbsp;gained further prominence in the United States through promotions like Power Slap, led by Ultimate Fighting Championship president, Dana White, and Slap FIGHT Championship, which formalized rules and attracted millions of online viewers. By 2022, the sport had crossed oceans, and the South African Slap Fighting Association (SASFA) emerged as a pioneer, hosting its first events that year, while independent organizers like Krisch launched Punisher Slap Fighting.


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignleft size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="758" height="1024" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Bobby-‘The-Punisher-Krisch-versus-The-Block-Image-supplied-758x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-65411" style="width:520px;height:auto" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Bobby-‘The-Punisher-Krisch-versus-The-Block-Image-supplied-758x1024.jpg 758w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Bobby-‘The-Punisher-Krisch-versus-The-Block-Image-supplied-222x300.jpg 222w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Bobby-‘The-Punisher-Krisch-versus-The-Block-Image-supplied-768x1038.jpg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Bobby-‘The-Punisher-Krisch-versus-The-Block-Image-supplied-1136x1536.jpg 1136w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Bobby-‘The-Punisher-Krisch-versus-The-Block-Image-supplied-1515x2048.jpg 1515w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Bobby-‘The-Punisher-Krisch-versus-The-Block-Image-supplied-scaled.jpg 1894w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 758px) 100vw, 758px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Bobby ‘The Punisher’ Krisch versus The Block; (Image supplied)</figcaption></figure></div>


“I’m a normal guy, maybe a little crazy in the head,” chuckles Krisch.



The sport’s simplicity is its strength: two competitors face off, often across a table or barrel, exchanging slaps until one flinches, falls, or is knocked out. Rules are minimal but strict–strikes must land on the cheek, delivered from shoulder height, with no defence allowed. Matches typically span three rounds, though knockouts can end them sooner. This raw format, paired with its accessibility, has fueled slap fighting’s appeal in Africa, where sports often thrive on passion rather than infrastructure.



Danie ‘Pitbull’ van Heerden, a former boxer and wrestler from Pretoria, South Africa, became&nbsp;the&nbsp;poster child after a 2022 TikTok video of him competing amassed over 17 million views. His subsequent invitation to Power Slap in Las Vegas, where he won by technical knockout, put South Africa on the global slap fighting map. In 2024, van Heerden reached the Power Slap 8 finals, facing off against super heavyweight champion Koa ‘Da Crazy Hawaiian’ Viernes, cementing his status as a trailblazer.



Across South Africa, local events are flourishing, creating a raucous atmosphere reminiscent of&nbsp;the country&#8217;s&nbsp;love for communal celebration. The Afrikaans term snotklap (a hard slap) is ingrained in local slang&nbsp;and&nbsp;tied to&nbsp;it are&nbsp;notions of toughness and settling scores.&nbsp;The sport showcases&nbsp;this and its&nbsp;inclusivity–requiring no gloves, pads, or extensive training–mirroring the accessibility of township football or stick-fighting, traditions that have long thrived without formal support.



With South Africa as its heart beat, the sport is spreading its tendrils across the continent.&nbsp;In Nigeria, a country with a rich boxing heritage and a burgeoning interest in combat sports, social media clips of informal slap contests have begun circulating. Lagos, with its vibrant street culture and appetite for spectacle, is a natural hub. In Kenya, where athletics dominates but wrestling enjoys a following, grassroots interest is emerging, spurred by online exposure to Power Slap and Slap FIGHT Championship. Ghana, too, with its history of physical contests like Dambe, a traditional Hausa boxing style, offers fertile ground for slap fighting’s raw energy.



The sport’s digital footprint is key to its continental growth. Platforms like TikTok and YouTube, where slap-fighting videos rack up millions of views, are widely accessible in Africa, even in rural areas with limited sports infrastructure. Van Heerden’s viral moment is a case in point; his 17 million views transcended borders, inspiring imitators from Johannesburg to Nairobi. As internet penetration grows, slap fighting’s low barrier to entry and high shareability positions it for a broader takeover.



In Africa, slap fighting’s rise&nbsp;also&nbsp;taps into the continent’s deep-rooted appreciation for physicality and spectacle. From Senegal’s Laamb wrestling to Ethiopia’s Donga stick fights, the continent has a history of combat sports that celebrate strength and endurance. Slap fighting, with its unadorned brutality and immediate outcomes, fits this mold.&nbsp;



Yet,&nbsp;the sport&#8217;s&nbsp;ascent is not without hurdles. Medical experts decry its safety, citing risks of concussions and brain injuries from undefended blows.



In 2021, Polish slap fighter, Artur Walczak, suffered a brain bleed. Krisch counters that of 107 fighters in his events, only two have suffered broken jaws, and medical personnel are always present. Still, scepticism persists, with critics calling it barbaric.



Regulation is another sticky point.&nbsp;Krisch is trying hard to legalize the sport in South Africa.



“It’s a process. It’s been two years and I pray we will be recognized and taken seriously. We are ordinary guys; many of us never had the opportunity to do boxing and mixed martial arts and wrestling.&nbsp;This is a sport for the normal working guy.&#8221;



Van Heerden has called for South African authorities to formalize slap fighting with a rulebook, arguing it would enhance safety and legitimacy. A 2019 draft amendment to the National Sport and Recreation Act could provide a framework, but progress is slow. Elsewhere in Africa, where sports governance is often underdeveloped, establishing oversight will be trickier. Without it, the sport risks remaining an underground novelty rather than a sanctioned discipline.



The sport’s future hinges on its ability to evolve. If it can marry Africa’s love of raw competition with a sustainable model, slap fighting might not just be a fad but a fixture–a slap heard from Cape Town will&nbsp;reverberate&nbsp;across the continent&nbsp;and be heard&nbsp;in Cairo.&nbsp;

Bobby ‘The Punisher’ Krisch getting ready for a fight’ Image supplied

The Hands-On Sport: Is Africa Game For Slap Fighting?

The country’s efforts to protect the pangolin–trafficked for its high market value–are being watched closely, on the global stage. If successful, it could become a model for conservation in Africa, proving that even the most entrenched illegal trades can be dismantled.



Mark Ofua vividly remembers the moment he met Ireti. It was in a crowded bushmeat market in Epe, on the outskirts of Nigeria’s commercial capital, Lagos, six years ago. The air was thick with the scent of smoked game and the murmurs of people haggling, their voices drowning out every other sound.



As a veterinarian and conservationist, he had spent years wandering through these markets, rescuing injured animals from a trade that showed little concern for wildlife. He had seen all kinds of creatures—monkeys, civets, even endangered tortoises—openly displayed and on sale. But on that day, he encountered an animal he had never seen before.



Lying on a rickety wooden table was a frail, almost lifeless creature, curled into itself; its body covered in hard, overlapping scales. It looked like a rodent encased in armor. The vendor dismissed it as just another item on the menu, but, still, it caught Ofua’s attention.


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="531" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/GettyImages-675014092-1024x531.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-65393" style="width:578px;height:auto" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/GettyImages-675014092-1024x531.jpg 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/GettyImages-675014092-300x156.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/GettyImages-675014092-768x398.jpg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/GettyImages-675014092-1536x797.jpg 1536w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/GettyImages-675014092-2048x1063.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Most trafficked animal &#8211; The Pangolin (Getty Images)</figcaption></figure></div>


“What was more amazing was the fact that we had them here in Nigeria and I hadn’t the faintest inkling!’’ Ofua, Wild Africa’s West Africa spokesperson, recalls to FORBES AFRICA.



As he reached out to rescue it, negotiating with the vendor for the creature’s freedom, the pangolin—which it was later identified as—took its final breath. With one last heave, the animal pushed out a tiny, squirming pangopup, still covered in birth tissue. The mother was gone, but her newborn was very much alive.



The vendor had no use for a baby pangolin. It was too young to be eaten and too weak to be sold. And so, with little interest, he handed the pangopup over to Ofua.



That was the moment Ireti was born.



The Plight Of The Pangolin



Across Nigeria–a country rich in biodiversity–pangolins have been illegally caught, traded, and shipped off in alarming numbers.



According to the Wildlife Justice Commission (WJC), between 2016 and 2019, an estimated 206.4 tons of pangolin scales were confiscated from 52 seizures.



It also noted that six of the 27 identified countries and territories disproportionately involved in the trafficking of pangolin scales were found to be linked to 94% or 193.2 tons of all seized contraband during the period analyzed in the report, with Nigeria and Vietnam playing prominent roles in the supply chain. Between 2016 and 2019, they were linked to almost 70% of pangolin scale seizures.



This, perhaps, makes Ireti’s name all the more significant. Ofua chose it based on the Yoruba word for ‘hope’, because he felt that that was what she represented—not just for herself, but for her entire species.



“These [vendor] markets operate in the open and even the authorities couldn’t care less about the damage they did,” he says.



Pangolins, also known as scaly anteaters, are among the most unique creatures in the world, yet many have not heard of them. They are the only mammals covered completely in scales made up of keratin—the same material as in human fingernails—that comprise up to 20% of their body weight.



With long, sticky tongues that can stretch as far as nearly half their body length, it has been estimated that they consume over 70 million insects annually, aerating the soil in the process. When pangolins feel threatened, they roll up into a ball so only their scaly suit of armor is exposed.



“The best description I have come across is a pangolin looks like an artichoke with armor. It comes from the cretaceous era. Its tongue is so long it curls in its belly. It has no teeth and has powerful front claws,” Ray Jansen, a professor at the University of Tshwane and Vice-Chair of the African Pangolin Working Group, told FORBES AFRICA in 2015.



“What is a pangolin? The research we did revealed that the pangolin is most closely related to a cat. It’s not even on the same genetics as an armadillo.”



As incredible as their biology is, it is also what has made them the world’s most trafficked mammals.



Their scales–which have been ground into fine powder and encapsulated in pills or mixed into water–are prized in parts of Asia for traditional medicine, despite there reportedly being no scientific evidence to support its healing properties.



Their meat is considered a delicacy in countries like Vietnam and China, and is consumed as bushmeat in Nigeria, Ghana and Cameroon, to name a few. This demand has driven all eight pangolin species towards extinction.



“The first problem here is a lack of fundamental understanding of how the ecosystem needs every one of its inhabitants to contribute their part in ensuring a balance,” Nigerian analyst Damilare Asiwaju shares with FORBES AFRICA.



“Until there’s that acknowledgement of the fact that every creature has a role to play, illegal poaching would continue to exist, sadly.’’



In Ireti’s case, for weeks, Ofua struggled to keep her alive. There was no guidebook on raising a newborn pangolin at the time. He spent sleepless nights monitoring her breathing, scouring the internet for advice, and reaching out to wildlife experts worldwide.



He didn’t give up and, slowly but surely, she grew stronger. Ireti learned to climb, to dig, and to curl into a perfect ball when frightened.



When Ofua first introduced her to live ants, she attacked them with animalistic enthusiasm—that is, until they fought back. Startled, as Ofua recalls, she ran away and avoided ants for days before finally trying again.



“The release was one final emotional roller coaster… it took me three trips into the forest before I could bring myself to release her,’’ he shares.



It was bittersweet for Ofua, but necessary; Ireti belonged in the wild.



Her story did not end there. She later became the inspiration for SaintMarks Pangolin Orphanage–Nigeria’s first–where Ofua and his team have since rescued, rehabilitated, and released over 40 orphaned pangolins.



“Ireti, to me, is a beacon of hope for pangolins; a generation that should have ended on the bushmeat table now had a new lease on life.”



Nigeria At The Center Of A Global Trade



The West African nation is home to three of Africa’s four pangolin species—the black-bellied, white-bellied, and giant pangolins. And each pangolin has upwards of 1,000 scales.



According to the National Museum of American Diplomacy, pangolin scales fetch over $3,500 per kilogram on the black market. It’s also been reported that their meat can be sold for around $300 per kilogram, and that a kilogram of live pangolin can sell for as much as $15,000.



Their protection under international law, with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) banning all international commercial trade in them, hasn’t stopped the slaughter. And while poaching has long been a problem across the African continent, Nigeria has become an epicenter of pangolin trafficking.



“There is the urgent need for increased and proper awareness on the impending danger of pangolins’ extinction and the resultant effects it would bring,” Asiwaju says.



“Also, stiffer sanctions should be meted out against traffickers. And if possible, a taskforce should be constituted to actively seek out and deal with offenders.”



Further to this, a WildAid-commissioned survey, conducted by GlobeScan, found that 71% of Nigerians have eaten bushmeat at least once.



Though the country is a signatory to international treaties, like CITES, implementation remains lax. The Endangered Species Act, amended in 2016, increased fines for poaching to ₦5 million ($3,276) and mandated a one-year prison sentence for repeat offenders. But, despite these regulations, trafficking persists.



Between January 2010 and September 2021, Nigeria was linked to pangolin trafficking incidents spanning 21 countries or territories across Africa, Asia, and Europe. In 2017, a shipment of pangolin scales originating from Cameroon was seized in Nigeria, weighing around 6,754kg.



Smugglers have continued to use Nigerian ports as key transit hubs, however, seizure of these shipments has also increased in recent years, and the plight of the pangolin has taken center stage.



A Renewed Fight Against Illegal Wildlife Trade



In 2022, an unexpected force joined the fight to save Nigeria’s wildlife, including the pangolin: pop culture. That year, WildAid launched a national conservation campaign featuring some of the country’s biggest celebrities, including Afrobeats singer, songwriter and producer, David ‘Davido’ Adeleke, Nigerian professional footballer Alex Iwobi, child comedian Emmanuella Samuel, and Nollywood actor, Stephanie Linus.



The campaign, developed in partnership with Nigeria’s Ministry of Environment, took on the illegal bushmeat trade. Billboards, TV and radio ads, and social media campaigns urged Nigerians to rethink their consumption of wild animals.



One moment, in particular, caught the public’s attention. <a>Davido</a>, known for his influence on youth culture, posed with Neal, another pangolin rescued from the bushmeat trade in Lagos. The image went viral.



An X user commented: “Because of @davido, I wouldn’t be eating this bush meat again”.



Another added: “Davido and Emmanuella are drawing attention here. I love this awareness”.



Public perception seemed to be shifting. For the first time, urban Nigerians—many of whom had never questioned the bushmeat trade—were talking about conservation.



Working To Ensure A Future For Nigeria’s Pangolins



Nigeria’s role in this area has always been complex. The country’s well-established trade networks, vast porous borders, and international shipping infrastructure have made it an attractive base for wildlife traffickers.



However in 2024, the gradual shift become more visible.



Early in the year, the country took significant steps to combat the illegal pangolin trade through a combination of legislative measures and high-profile seizures.



The Endangered Species Conservation and Protection Bill—which passed its second reading—promised harsher penalties for wildlife traffickers. If passed into law, those caught smuggling pangolins or their scales could face steep fines and long prison sentences.



The Speaker of the country’s parliament, Tajudeen Abbas, noted during the start of the public hearing on the bill, that in January 2019, Hong Kong customs seized $8 million worth of elephant tusks and pangolin scales from a shipping container sent from Nigeria.



Late in 2024, the WJC reported on the arrest of a suspected pangolin scale broker and the seizure of 2.179 tons of pangolin scales.



Officers from the Nigeria Customs Service (NCS) arrested a lone suspect—a broker believed to be at the center of a transnational smuggling network–in Mubi, a town near Nigeria’s northeastern border.



Between July 2021 and December 2024, Nigerian authorities conducted 16 operations, made 35 arrests, and secured 12 convictions, seizing over 21,000 kilograms of pangolin scales—more than half of it in 2024 alone, confirmed at the time by the command’s public relations officer for the area.



One of the largest-ever seizures in a WJC-supported operation took place in August 2024, when NCS officers raided a warehouse in Ogun State, western Nigeria and confiscated 7.2 tons of pangolin scales. Another 2.294 tons were seized in Kaduna, northern Nigeria leading to four arrests.



The combined value of the goods from these two seizures was estimated at around $175,000 but once smuggled to Asia, their value skyrockets to $1.7 million—a financial incentive that keeps traffickers in business despite the risks.



“The interest we are beginning to have in recent times is only because the law enforcement is getting better and we are beginning to catch some of the loopholes that these criminals operate through… Because of the way other countries in southern and eastern Africa have developed their wildlife resources and conservation, it is harder for trafficking through their borders,” says Ofua.



“It is a good thing now that the men of the Nigeria Customs Service are waking up to their duties… They now have a wildlife crime unit which has significantly boosted coverage. I also know they are working on introducing sniffer dogs that would reduce the need for manpower drastically and be a game-changer.”



Global Collaborative Efforts



Nigeria is not alone in this crisis. The decline of Asian pangolins—due to overhunting, trafficking and habitat loss—has pushed traffickers to source their supply from Africa. As several countries expand their economic ties with Africa, smuggling networks flourish, making it harder to control the trade.



International organizations, including the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the International Consortium on Combating Wildlife Crime (ICCWC), are also stepping in to support Nigeria’s efforts.



In 2019, the Nigerian government requested an ICCWC Wildlife and Forest Crime Analytic Toolkit assessment, which recently resulted in 33 key recommendations for strengthening Nigeria’s wildlife crime response. The report was launched at an event in Abuja in September 2024.



Among them were enhancing wildlife forensics capacity building efforts and providing operational and technical assistance tools and skills for frontline enforcement authorities.



A Conservation Race Against Time



While law enforcement agencies crack down on traffickers, conservationists in Nigeria are working to change public perception.



Organizations like the Pangolin Conservation Guild Nigeria (PCGN) are debunking myths about pangolins, stressing that their scales hold no medicinal value.



In February 2025, a day before World Pangolin Day, PCGN announced yet another rescue—one more pangolin saved from being turned into bushmeat.



There were reports that another pangolin had been rescued from bushmeat consumers in November 2024 by a conservationist, identified simply as Destiny from Cross River State, southern Nigeria.



“We are working hard to make sure this lovely pangolin finds its way back to its natural habitat,” the organization said in the post announcing the rescue.



The PCGN team, alongside the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), also collaborated in December 2024 to address an issue regarding an event in western Nigeria featuring pangolin on its list of available meats, after receiving a tipoff.



“Pangolin scales are very profitable because they attract quite a high sum in the black-market trade but as always, there is an inverted pyramid in the economics of the trade; usually the local hunters go into the bush in search of pangolins in connivance with syndicates who can’t go in,” says Ofua.



“The local hunters are paid peanuts in exchange for the harvested pangolins, which for instance might be around $5. The harvested pangolins become more expensive as they move up the trade chain while the brokers and crime syndicates make more profit.’’



He recommends a push for a wildlife protection coalition by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) with the belief that intelligence-sharing across the region could prove to be a game-changer.



The fight for Nigeria’s pangolins is far from over. But as long as there are people willing to stand up for the voiceless, there is still hope. However, time is running out. Without immediate and sustained action, the pangolin–a creature that has roamed the earth for 80 million years—could disappear in our lifetime.



As World Pangolin Day approaches each year in February, one question remains: will Nigeria be remembered as the country that saved the pangolin—or the one that let it vanish?

Long-tailed pangolin (Phataginus tetradactyla) in the hands of a poacher, bushmeat, Mangamba, Littoral Province, Cameroon

Nigeria’s Race To Save The Guardians Of The Forest

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline">Topline</h2>



Luxury fashion firm Prada Group reached an agreement with Capri Holdings to acquire designer brand Versace in a deal valued at $1.38 billion, Prada&nbsp;<a href="https://www.pradagroup.com/en/news-media/press-releases-documents/2025/25-04-10-prada-group-versace.html" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">announced</a>&nbsp;Thursday, after earlier reports indicated the two Italian fashion staples struggled to close the transaction as President Donald Trump’s tariffs roiled markets.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">Key Facts</h2>



Prada will fund its acquisition of Versace, approved by both companies’ boards, with about $1.6 billion in new debt after borrowing more than $1 billion, Prada&nbsp;<a href="https://www.pradagroup.com/en/news-media/press-releases-documents/2025/25-04-10-prada-group-versace.html" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">announced</a>&nbsp;Thursday.



Prada and Versace expect the transaction to close in the second half of the year, pending approval by regulators.



A deal between Prada and Versace was nearly derailed after Trump announced reciprocal tariffs on U.S. trade partners, requiring companies to start relying on higher costs to source raw materials as fears of a recession loomed, the Wall Street Journal&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wsj.com/business/deals/prada-deal-for-versace-at-risk-of-collapsing-with-market-in-turmoil-93a285fc" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">reported</a>.



The value of Versace’s parent company, the New York-based Capri Holdings, fell to as low as $1.5 billion as Trump’s tariffs led to a historic selloff in the U.S. stock market, and Prada had negotiated the price to buy Versace down from $1.6 billion to just under $1.4 billion, people with direct knowledge of the talks&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wsj.com/business/deals/prada-deal-for-versace-at-risk-of-collapsing-with-market-in-turmoil-93a285fc" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">told</a>&nbsp;the Financial Times.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-tangent">Tangent</h2>



Capri has tried to sell its business for years: A $8.5 billion deal to sell itself to Coach owner Tapestry&nbsp;<a href="https://www.capriholdings.com/news-releases/news-releases-details/2024/Capri-Holdings-Announces-Termination-of-Merger-With-Tapestry/default.aspx" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">fell through</a>&nbsp;in 2024 after the Federal Trade Commission successfully&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/24/business/tapestry-capri-merger-coach-versace.html" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">argued</a>&nbsp;the transaction would “substantially lessen competition” among luxury handbag makers.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">Key Background</h2>



Versace, founded in 1978 by Gianni Versace, was&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/michael-kors-reaches-deal-to-buy-italian-fashion-house-versace-1537876642?mod=article_inline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">acquired</a>&nbsp;by Capri Holdings—then known as Michael Kors—for $2.1 billion in 2018. That deal was reached under Donatella Versace, who succeeded her brother Gianni as the company’s chief creative officer after he died in 1997. Speculation of Versace’s latest acquisition efforts has swirled in recent months, including after Donatella Versace, 69,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.instagram.com/donatella_versace/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;ig_rid=d381e670-32df-45c2-90e4-b08e4822ba09" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">announced</a>&nbsp;she would step down from her role last month. Capri previously asked for more than $3 billion for Versace before Donatella’s absence impacted negotiations, the Financial Times&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ft.com/content/b8a23686-e39a-4e4e-81c3-2cea135813e3" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">reported</a>. Capri forecast a $810 million drop in revenue in its current fiscal year, down from $1 billion in 2024.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-further-reading">Further Reading</h2>



<a href="https://www.ft.com/content/b8a23686-e39a-4e4e-81c3-2cea135813e3" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Prada Cuts Versace Purchase Price By $200 Million After Trump Tariffs</a>&nbsp;(Financial Times)



<a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/donatella-versace-steps-head-versace-rcna196196" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Donatella Versace Steps Down As Head Of Versace</a>&nbsp;(NBC News)

Prada SpA Moves Closer to Versace Deal for Up to 1.5 Billion

Prada Buys Versace For Nearly $1.4 Billion—After Trump’s Tariffs Almost Derailed Acquisition

With Nigeria’s elite increasingly looking to U.S. wines, the country’s role in the global wine industry is undergoing a transformation.



Nigeria has emerged as the largest African market for U.S. wines, with exports reaching $7.8 million in 2024—a 65% increase from the previous year.



Acting U.S. Consul General JoEllen Gorg disclosed this at a Lagos event marking the start of the 2025 Africa tasting tour.



“The United States is proud to offer the highest quality products to consumers around the world. California wines represent some of the best in the world. Home to over 5,000 wineries, most of them family-owned, multi-generational businesses, California makes over 80% of U.S. wine and ranks the 4th among world’s wine producers,” Gorg stated.



The surge in U.S. wine imports to Nigeria reflects broader lifestyle shifts among the country’s affluent and middle-class consumers.



Historically, South Africa has been Africa’s dominant wine producer, with Nigerian wine consumption largely driven by imports from France, Spain, and Italy.



However, Nigeria’s increasing demand for premium wines suggests a diversification of tastes and a deeper penetration of Western lifestyle trends, particularly among urban elites and expatriate communities.



Nigerian analyst Oluwaseun Obilana attributes this trend to Nigeria’s expanding middle class and the rising influence of Western dining culture.



“The Nigerian consumer today is more cosmopolitan than ever. Wine has moved beyond special occasions and religious functions to become a staple in social gatherings, business events, and fine dining experiences,” he explains to FORBES AFRICA.



Traditionally, Nigeria’s alcoholic beverage market has been dominated by beer and spirits, particularly locally brewed options and imported cognac. However, Obilana notes that young professionals and high-net-worth individuals are increasingly embracing wine as a symbol of sophistication and status. “There’s a perception shift. More Nigerians now view wine as a lifestyle choice rather than just a drink,” he adds.



Beyond consumer trends, the economic landscape has played a role in reshaping Nigeria’s wine market.



Kolawole Oyebola, an economic analyst, highlights that the depreciation of the naira has made European wines less accessible, while U.S. wines—particularly from California—have been aggressively marketed as premium yet relatively affordable alternatives.



“The dollar’s strength and the cost of importing from traditional wine hubs like France and Italy have pushed retailers and consumers to explore other options. American wineries have capitalized on this by targeting Nigeria’s hospitality sector and high-end retail outlets,” Oyebola explains to FORBES AFRICA.



The Africa tasting tour, which also includes stops in Nairobi, Kenya, and Cape Town, South Africa, is part of broader efforts to establish U.S. wines as a formidable competitor in a market that has long been shaped by European dominance.

Close-Up View of Person Swirling Red Wine in Cellar Atmosphere

Nigeria’s Appetite For U.S. Wines Grows To $7.8 Million In One Year

The streaming giant has been unable to disrupt the video game market, but armed with massive resources and time, its new push to level up could leave its competitors in the dust.



“Netflix has won the streaming wars. Case closed,” analyst Robert Fishman wrote in a MoffettNathanson report published Monday on the streamer’s recent earnings update. “But where does the company go from here? How much more runway for growth is ahead?”



Since November 2021, Netflix, which recently passed 300 million subscribers globally, has been trying to convince users, investors and developers alike that one of the answers to that question can be video games.



And it’s put real money behind that conviction. By fall 2023, according to widely cited reports, Netflix had spent $1 billion on gaming, buying up four smaller development studios and building two of its own in California and Helsinki, Finland, and publishing dozens of titles for mobile devices, including tower defense game&nbsp;Bloons TD&nbsp;and graphic adventure&nbsp;Oxenfree.



Analysts believe the company likely spent another $1 billion on gaming in 2024 alone, increasing its offering to 140 games made available to anyone with a Netflix subscription, all without ads or in-app microtransactions.



Traction in the gaming marketplace has been harder to come by. Netflix’s portfolio of mobile apps have recorded 192 million total downloads, according to data provider Apptopia, and daily active user counts hover around 1.1 million, each fractional compared to mobile publisher competitors and even smaller in relation to Netflix’s overall subscriber base.



“We’re not yet the Netflix of games,” said Netflix president of games Alain Tascan on Wednesday, presenting at the Game Developers Conference in San Francisco. “But that’s exactly where we’re headed.”



Tascan is a newcomer to the streaming giant, having joined the company last July and replacing its original games chief Mike Verdu a few months later. Under his leadership, Netflix is rethinking its gaming strategy, moving out of direct competition with large game developers and into a more supplemental role for its primary streaming offering.



Moving forward, Netflix Games will focus on the development of more games that can be played inside the Netflix app on connected smart TVs, where 70% of Netflix viewership already happens, utilizing phones as the controller via a mobile app. The company also wants to create casual party games that can “replace family game night,” and make more offerings for younger children, which Tascan says make up 15% of Netflix’s linear entertainment viewing hours. And it wants to build more “interactive experiences” that can extend the life of Netflix’s IP from popular homegrown shows and movies, as it has done with&nbsp;Squid Game&nbsp;and&nbsp;Too Hot To Handle.



That’s a far different strategy than the traditional idea of the “Netflix for games,” in which startups like Blacknut and Shadow, as well as tech giants such as Google (Stadia) and Apple (Arcade) and Microsoft (Xbox Game Pass), have built a cloud-based library of games that can be sold for a subscription. Google shut down Stadia in 2023, citing a lack of user interest. Apple and Microsoft have succeeded (on mobile and console, respectively), though primarily as a marketplace for third-party content rather than a home for original creations.



Netflix’s pivot also seems to remove it from the race to create the next blockbuster game like&nbsp;Fortnite&nbsp;or&nbsp;Call of Duty: Warzone, evidenced first in October by dozens of layoffs and the shuttering of its California studio, which was focused on bigger budget AAA game projects, before it had published a single title.



&#8220;[Netflix] shouldn&#8217;t be trying to be something they&#8217;re not,” says Jason Chapman, cofounder and managing partner of gaming venture fund Konvoy Ventures. ”They&#8217;re not a AAA content production house, but they should continue to lean into interactive.&#8221;



This evolution from linear, passive entertainment on Netflix to more interactive experiences makes a lot of sense, in theory. The $180 billion gaming industry now dwarfs the size of traditional Hollywood movies and television (estimated at $100 billion annually), and has become the preferred pastime for younger generations. As far back as 2019, Netflix co-CEO Ted Serandos cited&nbsp;Fortnite&nbsp;as its major competitor for user attention—no doubt one of the reasons the company hired Tascan, who worked previously as an executive at Epic Games on&nbsp;Fortnite.



However, Netflix’s early efforts at line-blurring interactive content—such as the headline-grabbing&nbsp;Black Mirror: Bandersnatch&nbsp;—did not catch on and in November the company announced it would be removing dozens of similar titles from its library entirely. (Bandersnatch&nbsp;is one of only four that remain.)



To date, Netflix has yet to create a game, or any game-like experience, that has captured and maintained the interest of the broader public over an extended time. Even&nbsp;Squid Game: Unleashed, which the company touts as one of its biggest success stories, hit six million downloads when it debuted in December, peaked at nearly 13 million downloads in January and then fell to 700,000 in February and just over 100,000 in March, according to Apptopia data. That game, notably, is the first not to require its players to have a Netflix subscription to play.



Netflix’s answer, in the short term, has been licensing. In December 2023, the company announced it would be offering three old&nbsp;Grand Theft Auto&nbsp;titles to anyone with a Netflix subscription, and to date,&nbsp;GTA: San Andreas&nbsp;has been its most downloaded and played game by far.



Internally, Netflix says it has its own set of criteria for games success, such as subscription acquisition and retention, and the ability to drive engagement back to its linear programming. With&nbsp;Squid Game: Unleashed, the developers experimented with a “watch along” feature that unlocked certain rewards for players who had viewed Seasons One and Two of the show.



&#8220;Those effects are relatively small currently, but frankly so was our investment in games relative to our overall content budget,” said Netflix co-CEO Greg Peters during the company’s earnings call in January. “And we&#8217;re going to stay disciplined about scaling that budget as we see continued scaling in member benefits.&#8221;



What Netflix Games has in its favor is the time and resources to experiment. The company grew its overall revenue by 16% in 2024, generating $10 billion in operating income and nearly $7 billion in free cash flow.



In MoffettNathanson’s recent analysis, it projected continued revenue growth, stronger margins and a higher stock price all without mentioning the gaming division once in the 26-page report.



&#8220;Do I think games are a core focus for them? Absolutely not,” says Chapman. “But this isn&#8217;t a throw away or a Hail Mary pass for them. They&#8217;ve put too much money into this.”



In the not-too-distant future, Chapman predicts Netflix will begin to implement monetization strategies such as in-app purchases and ads—drawing on lessons learned and infrastructure created by the company’s push into linear advertising in 2024—that would bring the viability of the games division into sharper focus. Until then, he says the company can afford to continue searching for its place in the market.



Tascan acknowledges that is a privileged position to be in amidst a games landscape that faced industry-wide layoffs, budget cuts and company closures in 2024. “I say sometimes to the team, ‘We have a golden ticket,’” he said. “What are we going to do with it?”

MainMenu_4K_30.12.2024_10-48-11

Can Netflix Become The Netflix Of Gaming?

The company known for its festive fruit baskets just launched a new website for hemp-derived, THC-infused beverages and gummies.



Edible Brands, the parent company of the fruit basket outfit Edible Arrangements, is taking a bite of the cannabis industry.



The Georgia-based company, which had $500 million in annual sales last year, launched Edibles.com this week, an e-commerce site that sells hemp-derived THC products made by some of the biggest brands in the marijuana industry, including&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2023/06/01/nancy-whiteman-interview-wana-brands-cannabis-edibles-empire/">Wana</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/profile/kiva-confections-kristi-and-scott-palmer/">Kiva</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2021/04/23/meet-cann-the-bestselling-cannabis-beverage-thats-coming-hard-at-hard-seltzer-ellen-degeneres-weed-drinks/">Cann</a>. Edible Brands is&nbsp;not&nbsp;selling marijuana, which is federally illegal, but is focusing on THC products derived from hemp,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2024/10/05/hemp-madness-why-the-government-is-waging-war-against-marijuanas-legal-cousin/">marijuana’s less potent and federally legal cannabis cousin</a>.



But these products are still strong enough to get customers stoned. “This is a really natural fit for us,” Edible Brands CEO Somia Farid Silber tells&nbsp;Forbes. “We&#8217;re already called ‘edible’, right? We know that sometimes there’s even a little bit of an expectation from a customer for [cannabis] products.”



Edibles.com, which the company acquired last year, will launch in Texas first but will soon expand to Georgia, Florida, North and South Carolina, and expects to go nationwide later this year. With its network of more than 700 Edible Arrangements stores, the company says customers can order online and get their cannabis products delivered to their door faster than an old school pot dealer.



“We have an incredible delivery network with our franchisees for fulfillment—we can reach 70% of U.S. households within an hour,” says Silber.



Because marijuana is still illegal at the federal level but hemp has enough THC to get someone high, some of the weed industry’s biggest players have started selling hemp products outside of dispensaries. The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2024/04/19/the-cannabis-civil-war-hemp-vs-marijuana/">hemp and marijuana industry used to be at war</a>, but over the last year some of the biggest cannabis companies, from Curaleaf and Trulieve to Kiva and Wana, have embraced the federal legality of hemp-derived cannabinoids, thanks to the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.fda.gov/news-events/congressional-testimony/hemp-production-and-2018-farm-bill-07252019" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">2018 Farm Bill</a>, and started selling their own products.



The hemp products industry is even bigger than the marijuana sector, which has been throttled by a <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2021/04/30/state-legal-cannabis-companies-pays-insane-tax-rates-thanks-to-a-minnesota-speed-dealer/">punitive federal tax code</a> for drug traffickers and <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2022/08/02/how-america-botched-legalizing-cannabis-berner-cookies-kim-rivers-trulieve-steve-deangelo/?utm_campaign=socialflowForbesMainLI&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_source=ForbesMainLinkedIn">overregulation on the state level</a>. In 2023, hemp products sales hit $28 billion while marijuana sales topped $26 billion, according to <a href="https://www.whitneyeconomics.com/2023-us-national-cannabinoid-report" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Whitney Economics</a>.



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Joe Hodas, the CEO of Wana, one of the country’s best-selling edibles manufacturers, says he sees hemp as a way to expand to states that do not have recreational marijuana laws. Wana has also started selling its hemp-derived THC beverage line in Total Wine stores.



This is not the first time Edible Brands dipped into the cannabis space. In 2019, Edible Arrangements&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/21/business/edible-arrangements-cbd/index.html" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">launched its own CBD edibles line</a>, which are not psychoactive. But this pivot to THC is even more bold. And it’s a signal that cannabis products, especially edibles and beverages, have gone mainstream.



In 1999, Pakistani immigrant Tariq Farid launched the first Edible Arrangements store in Connecticut. Now based in Georgia, the company has become the go-to fruit basket gifting company by selling chocolate covered strawberries, cookies and bouquets of cut fruit for birthdays, anniversaries, funerals and other life milestones. In addition to its franchised stores across the U.S., Edible Brands also owns freshfuit.com and Roti, a fast-casual Mediterranean restaurant chain.



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Edible Brands is going headlong into the political battle over THC hemp products currently underway in Texas. Lt. Governor Dan Patrick is leading a push to shutter the industry, which is composed of more than 8,000 hemp shops across the state. On Wednesday, the Texas Senate passed a bill&nbsp;<a href="https://www.texastribune.org/2025/03/19/texas-senate-hemp-ban-thc-dan-patrick/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">that would ban all products containing THC</a>, including gummies, vapes, flower, and beverages. The bill has not become law as the House still needs to vote on its proposal, which would regulate, not eliminate, the state’s hemp market. None of this is stopping Edible Brands.



The company is also building a flagship Edibles store in downtown Atlanta. The company will own the first few hemp products stores under this concept but will eventually open the model up to franchisees.



“We&#8217;re treating it like a bodega style [store],” says Thomas Winstanley, the executive vice president of Edibles.com. “We want to make it feel like it&#8217;s a regular consumer experience that&#8217;s elevated, that&#8217;s premium, and doesn&#8217;t feel like you&#8217;re walking into a smoke shop, or a gas station.”



When asked if Edible Brands is betting its future on cannabis, Silber, the founder’s daughter, is clear. “For us, this is just one of the pillars of our growth strategy,” she says. “It&#8217;s definitely not a make or break type of thing. We&#8217;re going to continue to diversify and grow this brand, just as we are with [our] other brands.”

Chocolate CBD bites

Edible Arrangements Can Now Get You High—On Edibles

At a time when the global automotive space is navigating an era of transformation, the country’s industry stands at a crossroads. Toyota South Africa Motors (TSAM) CEO and President, Andrew Kirby, recently depicted a stark yet hopeful vision for the sector.



The automotive business council of South Africa, NAAMSA, has released a report that paints a mixed picture of the country’s automotive sector. However, policies play a key role in addressing challenges in the industry and four, in particular, are worth noting.



According to the NAAMSA report, total vehicle sales in 2024 reached 515,712 units, reflecting a 3% decline compared to the previous year. Passenger car sales grew by 1.1%, but light commercial vehicle sales dropped by 12%, and heavy trucks and buses saw declines.



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With regards to this, Andrew Kirby, the CEO and President of Toyota South Africa Motors (TSAM) emphasized, in January, that five key market shifts would redefine the automotive landscape this year, namely:



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>A consumer-driven shift in the affordability factor</li>



<li>SUVs continue to dominate</li>



<li>The rise of in-car technology</li>



<li>The Chinese and Indian automotive surge</li>



<li>The new energy vehicle (NEV) transition</li>
</ol>



“If we look at used car sales, we’ve seen a significant increase,” Kirby explained at the time. “Consumers are prioritizing affordability, with many unable to meet financing requirements for new vehicles. This trend will persist into 2025, influencing model availability and pricing strategies.”



He added: “The in-car experience is now a decisive factor in purchase decisions… it’s not just about driving anymore; consumers want seamless connectivity between their vehicles and smartphones, creating a digital-first car ownership experience”.



In terms of theshift in the automotive power map, the following should be noted:



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Chinese-made vehicles now account for 29% of global production and sales, with a 645% increase in South Africa alone over the past five years.</li>



<li>India’s automotive market share has grown by 20% globally, now making up 30% of South Africa’s vehicle imports.</li>



<li>Germany, once a dominant force, has now fallen out of the top five vehicle-producing nations globally.</li>
</ul>



The Four Policy Challenges That Must Be Addressed



A review of these challenges necessitates that, to remain competitive and stimulate a strong sector, several factors must remain at the forefront as the year advances:



1. The Stalled South African Automotive Masterplan (SAAM)



SAAM, released to the public in 2018, set ambitious targets for production volumes, employment, and local content. However, six years later, critical pillars remain unimplemented — particularly optimizing the local market and regional trade integration.



2. An Unequal Playing Field for Imports



China’s state-backed incentives and aggressive pricing are reshaping global trade. South Africa, however, lacks a fair competition framework.



The country, therefore, needs balanced trade policies that allow competition without undercutting local manufacturers.



3. An Incomplete EV Policy



South Africa’s current EV incentive structure is inadequate and Kirby had urged that, “we need a broader industrial policy that considers hybrids, plug-in hybrids and battery electric vehicles, rather than a narrow focus on full EVs”.



4. The Early Signs of Deindustrialization



According to the Toyota CEO, South Africa is showing signs of deindustrialization, with imported vehicle sales outpacing locally built models.



“We need to create scale, increase local content, and attract investment — or risk losing our automotive manufacturing stronghold,” he has said.



5.The Road Ahead



Despite the challenges, Kirby stated that there are incredible opportunities here but they hinge on proactive policy reforms.



As South Africa stands at this defining moment, the decisions made in the next three years will determine whether the country remains an automotive powerhouse — or falls behind in the global race.

Professional Engineer Works on a Computer with a 3D CAD Software and Tests the Electric Car Chassis Prototype with Wheels, Batteries and Engine Standing in a High Tech Development Laboratory.

What Lies Down The Road For South Africa’s Auto Industry?

Chinese brands are gaining momentum and igniting a new era in South Africa’s automotive landscape. Whether it’s a sleek new SUV rolling off a Chinese assembly line or a locally produced vehicle designed to compete on the global stage, the industry is speeding with potential and possibilities.



A Few Decades Ago, South Africa witnessed the rise of Japanese automotive brands like Kia, Hyundai, and Suzuki, which boldly entered the market to challenge well-established mass volume players like Toyota, Volkswagen (VW) and Nissan. Over time, these brands not only carved out significant market shares but also won the hearts of South Africans with their affordability, innovation and reliability. Today, a similar story is unfolding – this time with Chinese automotive brands rapidly making their mark on South Africa and the broader African continent. Brands like Great Wall Motor Company (GWM), Haval and Chery have already secured spots in the National Association of Automobile Manufacturers of South Africa’s (NAAMSA) top 10 sales charts. Meanwhile, newer entrants such as GAC, Jetour, LDV and Dongfeng are aiming to steadily build momentum. With 2025 promising a wave of exciting new launches, these brands are poised to redefine the automotive landscape and spark a new era of competition.



Vision for Growth



Jay Jay Botes, General Manager of Chery South Africa, reveals that the company has ambitious plans to introduce multiple new energy vehicles (NEVs) to the South African market in 2025. While the idea of establishing local manufacturing facilities is under consideration, Botes emphasizes that Chery is still in the feasibility study phase.



On the other hand, BYD – one of China’s largest electric vehicle (EV) producers – is entering the South African market with bold intentions. As BYD celebrates 30 years, the brand is leveraging its expertise in industries like rail transit, renewable energy and electronics to disrupt the automotive industry. Steve Chang, General Manager of BYD South Africa, highlights the company’s long-term vision: building trust in a competitive environment by prioritizing customer relationships over short-term profit margins.



BYD’s upcoming launches, including the Sealion 6 plugin hybrid and the Dolphin mini, underscore its commitment to innovation. The brand’s focus on R&amp;D, with 10% of its global workforce dedicated to it, ensures that its vehicles are not only technologically-advanced but also tailored to meet the needs of diverse markets like South Africa.



The BRICS Connection



The rise of Chinese brands in South Africa is closely tied to the country’s membership in the BRICS bloc. Since joining in 2010, South Africa has seen a significant increase in automotive imports from BRICS countries, with China playing a central role. However, this growth has also sparked debates about balancing the interests of legacy automotive manufacturers like BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Ford, VW, Isuzu, Nissan and Toyota – many of which have invested heavily in local production facilities – and the influx of competitively priced imports.



Mikel Mabasa, CEO of NAAMSA, acknowledges the complexities. “The disruption caused by Chinese imports is a topic of concern, but any potential interventions must align with the South African Automotive Masterplan 2035 and the second phase of the Automotive Production Development Programme (APDP2),” he explains. Mabasa emphasizes that while competition is intense, it ultimately benefits consumers by offering more choices at competitive prices.



Competing on Value



In a fiercely-competitive market, Chinese brands have positioned themselves as champions of affordability and innovation. Their focus on SUVs – one of the fastest-growing segments globally – has struck a chord with South African consumers. Equipped with advanced features and cutting-edge technology, these vehicles offer exceptional value, making them highly appealing in a market where 66.3% of vehicles sold in 2023 were priced below ZAR500,000 ($26,787).



Despite this influx, locally-produced vehicles remain strong contenders. In 2023, eight of the top 10 selling models in South Africa were manufactured locally, showcasing the resilience and adaptability of the country’s legacy OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers). Mabasa notes that the presence of Chinese brands has spurred local manufacturers to innovate, offering aggressive marketing, attractive financing options, and new model launches to stay competitive.



The NEV Revolution



As the global automotive industry pivots toward NEVs, South Africa stands at the cusp of a transformative shift. President Cyril Ramaphosa’s announcements at the SA Auto Week in 2024 highlighted the government’s commitment to fostering NEV adoption through policy support and incentives. However, NEVs remain a niche segment, accounting for just 1.45% of total new vehicle sales in 2023.



Chinese brands like BYD are well-positioned to accelerate this transition. By offering affordable EV options, they could drive broader market adoption and pave the way for local production in the future. Mabasa believes that a combination of demand-side incentives and hybrid vehicle inclusion in the APDP2 framework could catalyze this growth. “The affordability of Chinese EVs makes them a key player in addressing the high costs that currently hinder NEV adoption,” he says.



A Continent Alive with Possibilities



The rise of Chinese automotive brands in South Africa is not an isolated phenomenon. These brands are also making inroads across sub-Saharan Africa, leveraging the continent’s growing appetite for affordable, feature-rich vehicles. With whispers of potential production facilities and partnerships, their influence is set to extend far beyond sales figures.



This shift is indicative of a broader transformation within the African automotive landscape. Consumers are becoming more discerning, demanding vehicles that offer not just affordability but also quality, reliability and innovation. As Chinese brands rise to meet these expectations, they are also challenging local and global players to rethink their strategies.



Shaping the Future



The automotive industry is undergoing a seismic shift, and South Africa is at the heart of this transformation. Chinese brands, with their relentless focus on affordability, technology and customer trust, are reshaping the competitive landscape and redefining what it means to succeed in the industry.



For consumers, this means more choices, better value and the promise of a future where NEVs become a mainstream reality. For manufacturers and policymakers, it’s a call to innovate, collaborate and adapt to a rapidly changing world.



As South Africa enters this new era, one thing is clear: the automotive landscape is alive with possibilities. Whether it’s a sleek new SUV rolling off a Chinese assembly line or a locally- produced vehicle designed to compete on the global stage, the industry is brimming with potential. And at the center of it all are the consumers, whose preferences and demands will ultimately shape the future. This is not just a story about cars – it’s a story about transformation, resilience and the unyielding drive to innovate. It’s a story about South Africa, its people and its place in the global automotive revolution.

3d render of automatic car production line with robotic arms welding parts

Sparking Competition: The Rise Of Chinese Automotive Brands In South Africa

Nigerians don’t just sip ruby-red cocktails — they tell stories with them. And in the country’s bustling party capitals, those stories are getting more exciting by the day, and night.



The sun has barely set over Nigeria&#8217;s commercial capital Lagos, but the rooftop bar in Victoria Island is already alive with laughter, the clinking of glasses, and the hypnotic hum of Afrobeats.



A mixologist with a flair for theatrics, twirls a bottle of palm wine midair, before pouring a smooth stream into a glass rimmed with hibiscus dust. This isn’t just a drink; this is Lagos in a sip.



Cocktail culture in Nigeria’s party capitals — Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt—is undergoing a renaissance.



Beyond the classic mojitos and margaritas, bartenders and enthusiasts alike are infusing tradition, artistry, and innovation into their drinks.



From locally-inspired ingredients to experiential mixology, here are five cocktail trends taking over the scene:



Palm Wine Cocktails: A Nod To Tradition



No longer just a staple at village gatherings, palm wine has found its way into the high-end bars of Lagos and Abuja.



This naturally fermented drink is now the base for creative cocktails, often mixed with tropical fruits, honey, and even a splash of gin for an extra kick.



The ‘Palm Royale’, featuring palm wine, passion fruit, and prosecco, is a favorite among those looking for a taste of nostalgia with a modern twist.



Zobo-Infused Spirits: The Hibiscus Revolution



Zobo, a beloved Nigerian hibiscus drink, is no longer just for street vendors.



Mixologists are experimenting with zobo-infused rum, vodka, and even whiskey, creating deep, ruby-red cocktails with a tart and floral undertone.



The ‘Zobo Spritz,’ a mix of zobo-infused gin, tonic, and a dash of bitters, is fast becoming a go-to for sophisticated palates.



Smoke &amp; Fire: The Rise Of Spicy Cocktails



Nigerians love their spice, and now it’s making its way into their drinks.



Cocktails infused with scotch bonnet peppers, smoky suya spice, and even ginger-infused tequila are adding an adventurous edge to the nightlife.



The ‘Pepper Punch’ — a blend of mezcal, lime, and a scotch bonnet syrup — is not for the faint of heart but is a guaranteed conversation starter.



Sustainable &amp; Zero-Waste Mixology



With sustainability on the rise, Nigerian bartenders are making use of every part of their ingredients.



From repurposing pineapple skins for syrup to dehydrating fruit peels for garnishes, eco-conscious cocktails are becoming a movement.



One of the most creative is the ‘Eco Tonic’, a gin and tonic made with upcycled citrus scraps and locally sourced botanicals.



High-Tech Mixology: Molecular Cocktails



For those who love a bit of spectacle, molecular mixology is making waves in Nigeria’s upscale bars.



Imagine sipping on a ‘Cloud Martini’ with a floating citrus foam or watching a cocktail transform colors before your eyes.



Using techniques like liquid nitrogen and edible bubbles, bartenders are turning drinks into an experience that’s as Instagrammable as it is delicious.



As the party never stops, expect even more bold innovations in the glasses of the country’s trendsetters.

After party at Lagos design and fashion week 2013

Nigeria’s Party Capitals Raising The Bar With Top Five Cocktail Trends

There’s a new compact electric vehicle that holds the title of “cheapest EV” in South Africa, or “least expensive”, whichever way you look at it.



The Dayun S5 Mini SUV EV became available in January for R399,900 ($21,668), dethroning the BYD Dolphin at R539,900 ($29,254). It was announced in July 2024 as the Dayun Yuehu S5 but has since been renamed.



The Dayun S5 Mini SUV is a Chinese import, sold by Enviro Automotive, a Pretoria-based importer and distributor of EVs, and heavy-duty electric trucks and bakkies.



Despite its positioning, it still incurs a higher import duty of 25% when compared to the 18% on internal combustion engine vehicles.



The S5 Mini SUV has a closed-off front grille, LED lights, a 7-inch infotainment screen next to an 8-inch instrument cluster, climate control, Bluetooth and a USB-A port.



Other standard features include driver and passenger airbags, ABS brakes, traction control, hill start assist and cruise control.



The S5 Mini also comes in a “VIP” option for R449,900 ($24,375), which includes a SmartLink app access with additional remote features, larger wheels, and ultrasonic radars for its parking cameras.



The company provided FORBES AFRICA with a loan unit of the VIP model for a weekend in a pale green shade.



The small five-seater EV has a modest 35kW of power and 105Nm of torque and a tiny 31.7kWh battery. It yields a driving range of about 330km, according to WLTP ratings. Top speed is 110km/h.



We tested the vehicle over a rainy weekend in Gauteng, by splitting it between highway driving and urban roads.



The car’s limited 35kW of power was felt on the highway stretch, with vehicles behind flashing us because of our slow speed, which at the time was around 80km/h, yet three lanes away from the fast lane.



The highest speed achieved on the drive to Menlyn near Johannesburg was 107km/h, while going flat out, which felt like it was eating into the range unnecessarily.



While I used 36km of range for the 40km trip one way, on the previous week I netted 8km of range on the electric Mini on the same route.



There was a huge downpour on the return trip and due to a fogged-up windscreen and limited visibility, the aircon had to be used at full speed with the demister to clear the windows.



I felt the car had unintentionally gone through a worst-case scenario, so I was looking forward to city driving the following day. I completed a 25km trip using 18km of range, which was better than the highway stretch.



The speed on urban roads with frequent traffic lights meant I didn’t need to go beyond 80km/h. I found it better suited to urban roads.



When it came to recharging the S5 Mini, it struggled on certain DC fast chargers. It eventually cut off after a short while, but I had better luck with my home AC charger. Enviro Automotive is looking into the charging fault.



The S5 Mini can charge at a 6kW speed on an AC charger and maximum 30kW on a DC charger.



I charged about 16.78kWh of the battery on my home charger, which took about 2.5 hours and cost me less than R45 ($2.43) at a figure of roughly R2.45 per kWh. However, the vehicle comes with a 3-pin plug charger.



A full charge at home costs around R76 on Eskom rates. Comparatively, a public AC charger costs roughly R182 ($9.86) based at a rate of R5.88 per kWh and around R228 ($12.35) on a DC charger at R7.35 per kWh. Eskom charges per kWh while public EV chargers are based on speed.



The Dayun S5 Mini SUV is cheap to run but due to its output, is better suited for short urban commutes, school rounds or as a small business vehicle, including ones that deliver within its vicinity.

Image supplied

For Car And Tech Geeks Only: What It’s Like Driving South Africa’s Most Affordable EV

In August 2024, the United States (U.S.) hiked tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles (EVs) to 100% while the European Union (E.U.) increased tariffs by up to 45.3% in October 2024. The EU’s tariffs differ by manufacturer between 7.8% to 35.3%, over its standard 10% import duty.



Futurist and business strategist Dr Craig Wing tells FORBES AFRICA that the decision by the U.S. and E.U. to impose tariffs on Chinese EVs is a complex issue with far-reaching implications, driven by protectionist policies and the desire to protect domestic markets from competition from Chinese EV manufacturers.



“While this may seem like a simple strategy to protect local economies, this move also creates new pathways and opportunities, and has several important implications for emerging markets like those in Africa,” says Wing.


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="731" height="1024" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Dr-Craig-Wing-Image-Supplied-731x1024.png" alt="" class="wp-image-64344" style="width:545px;height:auto" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Dr-Craig-Wing-Image-Supplied-731x1024.png 731w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Dr-Craig-Wing-Image-Supplied-214x300.png 214w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Dr-Craig-Wing-Image-Supplied-768x1075.png 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Dr-Craig-Wing-Image-Supplied-1097x1536.png 1097w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Dr-Craig-Wing-Image-Supplied.png 1280w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 731px) 100vw, 731px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Dr Craig Wing; Image Supplied</figcaption></figure></div>


A new legislation in South Africa that introduces a 150% tax incentive for the production of electric and hydrogen vehicles was signed into law on January 3 2025.



The 150% tax deduction, effective March 2026, is for qualifying investments capped at R500 million ($26.6 million) for the 2026/27 tax year.



In the same month, Mikel Mabasa, CEO of Naamsa, the Automotive Business Council, said in an interview that at least three Chinese EVs have signed NDAs with them, adding, “With good government policies, we will attract new investment, we will increase and retain investment.”



Wing says this shift is critical: “It represents an opportunity to diversify the availability of EV models in South Africa, which will undoubtedly drive down the prices and make EVs more accessible, but also create a new ecosystem of jobs in both the automotive and associated industries.



“There is also a real risk of creating a dependency on a single source market for technology (China), and this should be balanced by fostering local innovation and skills development within the local workforce, and by focusing on building strong trade relationships with various other global players.”



South Africa’s EV landscape in 2025 and beyond will be shaped by multiple factors, not just technology, but social, cultural, ethical and political factors, says Wing.



It’s important to address the influence of Elon Musk, who is South African-born and the CEO of Tesla, as his political views in the U.S. are well documented, and can shape public perceptions of EVs, he says.



“It is extremely likely he will be acting as a key advisor on technology and business and should be closely watched, as it has the potential to further shape U.S. trade policy, and also the future of the EV market in Africa, as well as other emerging economies.”



“It is a clear reality that what happens in the U.S. has a ripple effect on the rest of the world, and so the role of Elon Musk cannot be ignored,” concludes Wing.

101st Brussels Motor Show 2025

‘Opportunity To Diversify’: A Futurist On The Implications Of The U.S.’s Tariffs On Chinese EVs In Emerging Markets Such As South Africa

Our tech writer got to experience the new electric Mini Cooper SE that’s coming your way.



The highly-anticipated next-generation electric Mini Cooper SE arrived in South Africa six months later than originally planned, and quietly went on sale without a national media launch.



As it stands, Mini will produce both internal combustion engine (ICE) models and three EVs: the Cooper, Countryman and Aceman.



I’ve been driving the Cooper SE for an extended period since November. The base model comes in at R802,000 ($42,350), however my press unit has been kitted out with extras to the value of R924,500 ($48,827).



It is powered by a 160kW motor with 330Nm of torque, equipped with a 49.2kWh nett battery that promises 400km of range (WLTP figures), and has a 95kW maximum DC charging speed. It goes from 0-100km/h in 6.7 seconds while top speed is capped at 170km/h.



The look of new SE is pared down, juxtaposed by modern LED head- and tail-lights that are customizable.



Despite a retro exterior, modern finishes include 12 ultrasonic sensors and four surround cameras; a 9.4-inch round OLED screen that supports apps and games through Mini Operating System 9; a digital voice assistant called Spike; and augmented reality navigation.



Previous models supported Digital Key with NFC, but the new SE has Digital Key Plus ultrawide-band (UWB) support, so I use my compatible iPhone and Apple Watch as fully functional keys; i.e. I don’t carry the physical key anymore.



It also has the Connected Package for navigation with additional info, games and video streaming when the vehicle is stationary, wireless charging, eSIM, etc; and Driving Assistant Plus for maintaining speed, keeping a distance from vehicles ahead, detecting road signs, etc.



The Mini app offers additional functionality that is convenient for the owner, like basic vehicle info, remote 3D view, trip statistics, monitoring charge status, efficiency stats, finding charging stations and more.



The ability to monitor my charge remotely has helped me several times where I could see the vehicle prematurely stopped charging.



While getting from 10%-80% takes about half an hour, its 95kW charging speed cap slows things down between 80%-100%, however the app estimate tends to be accurate, which helps with planning.



As a freelance writer working from home, the ~337km range I yield on a full charge is suited to my lifestyle. I don’t do long distance driving and can easily toggle between driving modes.



Based on access to mall and dealership chargers within my vicinity, it is the ideal runaround city EV. I find it a comfortable, pleasant drive.



I find it a premium overall experience when compared to the GWM Ora, which shares the same platform as the SE as it is currently exclusively built in the same factory in China by Great Wall Motor.



Incidentally, the launch of the Cooper and Aceman models in the United States have been pushed out indefinitely due to high tariffs on Chinese imports.



Mini says production of the two models will begin in Oxford, England in 2026.

OLED screen

A Mini Look At The Electric Ambitions On Course In South Africa

Nigeria’s commercial capital, Lagos, is proving to be a magnet for travelers every year during the festive period known as ‘Detty December’, with new data revealing how the city’s annual celebration contributed to the country’s economy.



Independent research by advisory firm MO Africa Company Limited shows that between November 19 and December 26 last year, Lagos&#8217; Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMIA) handled around 550,000 inbound passengers. Nearly 90% of these arrivals were Nigerians living abroad, flying in primarily for leisure and tourism.



Kayode Omosebi, CEO of MO Africa Company Limited, says his team surveyed hotels, airports, short-let agents, and nightclubs to compile the data.



The top five countries of origin were the United States, Canada, Italy, South Africa, and the United Kingdom, with most visitors heading to Lagos, Edo, Delta, Ondo, and Ogun states in Nigeria. Lagos alone attracted an estimated 1.2 million tourists. Of those, 60% were domestic travelers, driven by insecurity in southeastern Nigeria.



The influx of visitors brought a surge in hotel bookings and short-let apartment rentals. December hotel revenue in Lagos hit N54 billion ($36 million) from 15,000 bookings.



Short-term apartment rentals contributed another N21 billion ($13 million), with nearly 6,000 bookings made at an average nightly rate of N120,000 ($74.7).



Lagos’ nightlife was a major winner, with the top 15 lounges and nightclubs generating N4.32 billion ($2.7 million). On average, clubs raked in N360 million ($224,000) per day, with some tables fetching as much as N1.2 million per night ($746.7).



Beaches and resorts accounted for 70% of the N4.5 billion ($2.8 million) generated from recreational activities.



Lagos&#8217; event centers hosted 1,175 bookings, earning a combined N1.2 billion ($804,000).



Luxury car rentals also saw a boom, with N1.5 billion ($937,500) spent on 750 bookings. Daily rates ranged from N200,000 ($124.4) to N2 million ($1,244) for high-end vehicles.



Omosebi notes that Lagos’ hospitality sector is increasingly reliant on cryptocurrency platforms.



&#8220;Eighty five percent of conversion to Naira and payments were done through this exchange platform. A number of bookings were done through agents rather than through booking platforms, which speaks to trust concerns and the power-play of agents in the industry,” Omosebi says to FORBES AFRICA.



He adds that &#8216;Detty December&#8217; could bring in up to $2 billion in foreign exchange by 2026, provided the government addresses infrastructure, security, and supply chain challenges.



“The industry is evolving and we would start seeing niche focused hospitality and tourism experiences&#8230; There’s massive opportunity in bespoke event centers for concerts and shows,” Omosebi says.

Lagos in Nigeria

‘Massive Opportunity’: How Hotels, Nightclubs, Restaurants And Luxury Car Rentals Drove Lagos’ $75 Million Tourism Boom In December

Historical manuscripts and closely-guarded treasures of the VATICAN APOSTOLIC LIBRARY are now accessible through digitization and blockchain, ensuring their preservation.



There has always been a lot of mystery surrounding the Vatican Secret Archives. Secured in a two-story underground vault beneath the Cortile della Pigna, this incredible collection of documents, renamed the Vatican Apostolic Archive, spans 12 centuries. From ancient manuscripts to letters between popes and kings, records from the Roman Inquisition, and a list of banned books (known as the Index Librorum Prohibitorum), it’s an archive filled with secrets that only a select few are privileged to access. And although there have been many books, films and theories about what lies within its vaults, the true extent of its mysteries remains locked away.



The same could once be said about the Vatican Apostolic Library. Founded in 1475, the library houses one of the world’s richest collections of manuscripts, printed books, coins and medals. It was only accessible to high-ranking clergy and elite scholars, its content closely guarded until the 19th century.



All of these fragile documents required preservation and specialized, climate-controlled rooms were introduced. It’s only within the past decade that the Vatican Apostolic Library has focused on digitizing its vast collection, making 27,500 manuscripts in it accessible worldwide on platforms like DigiVatLib.



Headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, NTT Data created a digital archiving solution called AMLAD (Advanced Museum Library Archives Deposit). AMLAD wasn’t created for the Vatican Apostolic Library but this mammoth collection, often referred to as historical heritage of humankind, made it the perfect project to showcase the platform’s capabilities. Even when well-preserved, ancient documents are at risk of deterioration, digitization provides a way to maintain and preserve these collections, which is why NTT DATA developed a tool for archiving both 2D and 3D data. 



“It’s one of the challenges that cultural institutions hold right now,” explains Kyohei Jinno, Deputy Manager of NTT Data Japan Corporation. NTT Data has been working with the Vatican Apostolic Library for a decade. Their cloud-based digital storage system now includes over 27,500 manuscripts which are available online to users worldwide, complete and free of charge with high-definition images. 



The next step for the Vatican Apostolic Library and NTT Data is Web3 – NFT technologies.



“We believe the concept of Web3 with its characteristics like decentralization, permissionless, native payments may enable a new community,” says Jinno. “The reliability of digital data becomes a challenge during digital data archiving and this can be mitigated by ensuring traceability through the recording and referencing of the digital data’s provenance information and immutability information.”



In other words, blockchain technology.



NTT have already used this technology to successfully build a digital archive system for the ASEAN Cultural Heritage Digital Archive (ACHDA) project. “Web3, as an open information system platform, isn’t tied to specific service providers, allowing everyone to participate. In this proof of concept, we issue NFTs as proof of contribution and use them as authentication keys,” adds Jinno. This novel approach gives users access to high- resolution images and detailed information about selected cultural heritage items. “Instead of providing original artwork, we are exploring options such as special experiences or abstracted content,” says Jinno.



The idea is that by using NFTs, they will not only encourage greater engagement with the library’s collections, they’ll be able to demonstrate blockchain’s potential for preserving and sharing heritage.



Jinno explains that a Web3-based digital archiving approach provides a way to safeguard these cultural assets by creating reliable digital versions that can be restored if the original materials are damaged or destroyed.



“The main purpose of preservation is to restore data,” he adds. “But at the same time, we’re showing people through a project like the Vatican Library how the blockchain works and how it can be used to protect original content.”

Christmas Celebrations In The Vatican

Where Ancient Heritage Meets Modern Technology: Why The Vatican Library Is Embracing Web3

What comes first: the chicken or the egg? ARTURO ELIZONDO’S biotech is reinventing protein, reshaping global diet and future-proofing the food industry. read on about the world’s first liquid egg made without hens.



Protein water, protein ice cream, protein pasta, protein cookies and protein cereal.



These are just a few of the interesting products on-shelf for anyone looking to increase their daily protein intake. With analysts forecasting that the global protein ingredients’ market will reach $47.4 billion by 2032, there’s no doubt that this macronutrient is having a moment. We have become protein-obsessed but it’s not all about meat. 



Plant-based options are coming into their own as biotech companies create innovative ingredients that mimic animal meat characteristics while meeting consumer protein needs. A great example is heme, the molecule that gives meat its characteristic color and flavor. Heme is also found in plants and microorganisms so through fermentation or genetic engineering, it can be produced from plant or microbial sources. When heme is added to plant-based meat, it becomes eerily similar to the real thing. It’s an incredibly complex process that’s hard to scale, which is why Arturo Elizondo, the co-founder and CEO of The EVERY Company, started with an egg.



One of the biggest obstacles with bio-based products is the ‘valley of death’. Many innovative products die before they hit the market. “It’s one of the challenges with alternative proteins,” explains Elizondo. “So, our big focus, from the beginning, was choosing a technology that could scale; that had already scaled globally.” This is one of the reasons Elizondo chose fermentation for The EVERY Company – he could plug into existing, large-scale fermentation facilities without spending millions of dollars.



“Brewers use yeast to convert sugar into alcohol; we can use yeast to convert sugar into protein,” he says.



Protein is a megatrend that isn’t going away anytime soon. Elizondo says that even though it’s a big part of diet culture – both the keto and the caveman eating plans focus heavily on protein – there are benefits beyond satiety. “It’s the only macromolecule that hasn’t been demonized,” he says. “There are four macromolecules – protein, fats, carbohydrates and alcohol. Fats, carbs and alcohol are all controversial, but protein has maintained its halo.” There’s also the fact that globally, diets are dominated largely by animal proteins which, when farmed industrially, have a significant impact on the environment. “We have to start evolving the way we product protein because the demand isn’t going away,” he adds. As an alternative to the factory farming model, Elizondo believes we can use technology to produce protein in a healthier and more sustainable way. It’s not only about making products that look and taste similar to something else, he says that technology, in the long run, can create better food (and food systems) designed for humans.



One of the proteins Elizondo’s company is relooking is the egg. Although egg consumption in Africa is beyond the global average, it’s estimated that around 1.6 trillion eggs enter the market every year. “And it’s not suddenly going to stop. We’re not all going to start eating lentils and tofu,” he laughs. What makes The EVERY Company a little different is that it is an ingredients company. They’re not simply producing a consumer facing substitute for eggs (although they do have a few), they’re working with major industry players to integrate EVERY Company’s alternative protein ingredient into existing products and supply chains. 



“The unsexy thing about food is the supply chain. When the Covid pandemic happened and countries shut down their borders, it was a big wake-up call for the companies who import their animal protein,” says Elizondo. Another challenge is avian influenza, also known as bird flu. The poultry industry suffers, the price of eggs goes up and the manufacturers that use eggs are forced to adjust production schedules or reformulate recipes to cope with shortages. 



“How do we build a more resilient food system that can withstand the pressures of pandemics, climate change and zoonotic diseases? It’s a very fragile system,” he says. 



At the same time, many big food companies have ESG targets to cut carbon emissions and keep their supply chains steady. This usually means more consistent sourcing, avoiding rushed shipping and relying less on resource-heavy practices (like industrial egg farming which produces high levels of waste and emissions). “This is why we exist and how we can make impact at scale. We can support the entire industry and not be seen as adversarial. We’re building a better food system,” he says. For Elizondo, this is the future of food. In addition to working with major food producers on the ingredients side, The EVERY Company will be entering the mass market in 2025 with the EVERY Egg, the world’s first liquid egg made without hens. It’s not an elitist product that only expensive grocery stores will carry but rather an item everyone can find, afford and most importantly, eat.



Functionality first



As an industry, plant-based protein companies face a lot of challenges. In France, the words ‘steak’, ‘bacon’, and ‘sausage’ have been outlawed for meat alternatives. In South Africa, the High Court overturned an attempt by the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (DALRRD) to impose similar restrictions. The issue took two years to resolve, and certain products were removed in the interim from retail shelves.



“This is why it’s so important to partner with the incumbents and work with them, not against them. There’s this huge gap in ingredients that no one talks about and that’s where our focus lies. It’s not about taste, it’s about functionality,” says Elizondo. “If you look at ingredient labels, it’s almost impossible to avoid eggs, they’re everywhere because they’re functional. They foam, bind and gel in ways that nothing else can.”



Eggs may seem like an impossible ingredient to replace but that’s where the biggest opportunity for The EVERY Company lies. In some ways, Elizondo compares the path he’s following to insulin. In 1922, insulin came from the pancreatic tissue of cows (and later pigs). It was produced at scale by Eli Lily to treat diabetes but still came from animals. But then, in 1978, the first genetically engineered, synthetic ‘human’ insulin was produced using E. coli bacteria. “This company found a way to make insulin through protein fermentation technology and within 15 years, it dominated the market. And now, 99% of insulin in the world is made using the same technology,” says Elizondo. Protein fermentation technology moved to the cheese industry and replaced animal rennet with bio-identical chymosin, an enzyme essential for curdling milk. It’s a technique also used to create vitamins and to extend the freshness of baked goods by synthesizing enzymes that improve texture and shelf life. Protein is more than a megatrend, “it’s the best-kept secret in the food industry,” exclaims Elizondo. “And if we can make these ingredients a little bit better, a little bit safer, a little bit more sustainable, that’s worth fighting for.”

Arturo Elizondo in The EVERY kitchen; Image supplied

The Future Of Food: Hatching A Protein Revolution

A tumbler that reminds you to drink water and an 18k-gold ring that helps make your payments. Whatever’s next?



<div class="wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="972" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Apple-Watch-Hermes-1024x972.png" alt="" class="wp-image-64055 size-full" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Apple-Watch-Hermes-1024x972.png 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Apple-Watch-Hermes-300x285.png 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Apple-Watch-Hermes-768x729.png 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Apple-Watch-Hermes-1536x1458.png 1536w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Apple-Watch-Hermes.png 1852w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
Apple Watch Hermès



The Apple Watch Hermès Series 10 comes in the signature Hermès orange box, available at Apple or Hermès. The new model supports sleep apnea and wrist temperature, a 6m-depth gauge, on-device Siri, precision inding for Find My and fast charging. Unique Her- mès touches include a silver titanium finish, logo on the back, two watch straps including a leather Hermès one that can be single or double tour, and exclusive watch faces.



Price: from $1,249.
</div></div>



<div class="wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile"><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
Kindle Colorsoft Signature Edition



Amazon has released its first-ever color screen Kindle called the Kindle Colorsot Signature Edition. It promises eight weeks of battery life, improved speed and contrast, supports pinch to zoom and increased display sizes. The seven-inch display is optimized for reading without glare, suited for travel guides, cookbooks, comics, or graphic novels. Highlighting can be done in yellow, orange, pink or blue, plus searching by color. It is waterproof, features USB-C and wireless charging.



Price: $279.99
</div><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="993" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Amazon-Kindle-Colorsoft-1024x993.png" alt="" class="wp-image-64054 size-full" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Amazon-Kindle-Colorsoft-1024x993.png 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Amazon-Kindle-Colorsoft-300x291.png 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Amazon-Kindle-Colorsoft-768x745.png 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Amazon-Kindle-Colorsoft-1536x1490.png 1536w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Amazon-Kindle-Colorsoft.png 1670w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div>



<div class="wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="760" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Asus-Zenbook-S14-1024x760.png" alt="" class="wp-image-64056 size-full" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Asus-Zenbook-S14-1024x760.png 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Asus-Zenbook-S14-300x223.png 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Asus-Zenbook-S14-768x570.png 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Asus-Zenbook-S14-1536x1140.png 1536w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Asus-Zenbook-S14.png 1886w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
ASUS ZenBook S14



The ASUS Zenbook S14 Copilot+ PC is a premium Windows 11 laptop from ASUS that features an all-metal 1.1cm thin body that is 1.2kg light. The new Intel Core Ultra 7 chipset and AI Boost powers its AI features like productivity assistance, text and image creation, faster photo and video edits, and built-in security, while its vapor chamber keeps it cool. It has a 3K display, 72Wh battery, large touchpad and Harman Kardon sound.



Price: $1,299
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<div class="wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile"><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
Meta Quest 3S



The new Meta Quest 3S virtual reality headset lets you turn any room into a personal theater. You can play standalone VR games, watch live concerts, experience mixed reality by blending the digital and real world, or cast games on to a television. It has multi-tasking support for YouTube, WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, Instagram, etc. It features a Snapdragon XR2 Gen 2 chip, 8GB of RAM, 128GB storage, up to 120Hz refresh rate, and 1832&#215;1920 screen resolution per eye.



Price: from $299.99
</div><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="636" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Meta-Quest-3S-1024x636.png" alt="" class="wp-image-64061 size-full" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Meta-Quest-3S-1024x636.png 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Meta-Quest-3S-300x186.png 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Meta-Quest-3S-768x477.png 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Meta-Quest-3S-1536x954.png 1536w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Meta-Quest-3S.png 1752w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div>



<div class="wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="906" height="1024" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Samsonite-Restackd-906x1024.png" alt="" class="wp-image-64062 size-full" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Samsonite-Restackd-906x1024.png 906w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Samsonite-Restackd-265x300.png 265w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Samsonite-Restackd-768x868.png 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Samsonite-Restackd-1358x1536.png 1358w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Samsonite-Restackd.png 1682w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 906px) 100vw, 906px" /></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
Samsonite Restackd Carry On



Samsonite’s revamped Stackd collection called Restackd features a lighter design and larger packing volume. The 55cm carry-on cabin spinner with easy access has a front pocket for a laptop, tablet and other accessories, suitable for business travel. It includes two packing cubes and plenty of zipped pockets. At 3.1kg, it measures 55x40x23cm with a 3cm depth expansion. It features an integrated ID tag, TSA combination lock and comes in black, green, pink and navy.



Price: ZAR7,299 ($400)
</div></div>



<div class="wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile"><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
Hyperice Hypersphere Go Hyperice, known for its health-tech products for recovery and movement, has the perfect travel companion called the Hyper- sphere Go. This TSA-approved massage ball is palm-sized and supports three speeds of vibration when you roll it over your muscles. Whether you’re in-flight, post-workout or at your desk, you can target muscles, with precision, such as the arms, legs, back or feet. It is USB-powered, has a two-hour battery and weighs under 500g.



Price: $99
</div><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="973" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Hypersphere-Go-1024x973.png" alt="" class="wp-image-64060 size-full" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Hypersphere-Go-1024x973.png 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Hypersphere-Go-300x285.png 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Hypersphere-Go-768x730.png 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Hypersphere-Go.png 1404w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div>



<div class="wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="720" height="1024" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Dyson-Airwrap-i.d-720x1024.png" alt="" class="wp-image-64057 size-full" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Dyson-Airwrap-i.d-720x1024.png 720w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Dyson-Airwrap-i.d-211x300.png 211w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Dyson-Airwrap-i.d-768x1093.png 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Dyson-Airwrap-i.d-1079x1536.png 1079w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Dyson-Airwrap-i.d.png 1310w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px" /></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
Dyson Airwrap i.d.



The Dyson Airwrap i.d. multi- styler and dryer is Dyson’s first Bluetooth connected hair tool. It pairs to a smartphone app for more personalized styling to automate the curling process using profile data such as hair type, length and skill level. The styler comes in two versions: for straight to wavy hair (T1-2) or for curly to oily hair (T3-4). The new Airwrap introduces three new attachments: the conical barrel, wave+curl diffuser, and blade concentrator.



Price: $599.99
</div></div>



<div class="wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile"><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
Hobot S6-Pro



Hobot has released its irst window cleaning robot, the Hobot S6-Pro. The award-winning robot window cleaner is suited for framed, panoramic or frameless windows for an ei- cient clean-up. It has dual mops to polish and uses ultrasonic sprays for a streak-free clear inish. Safety features include an anti-falling algorithm, a safety rope and 20-minutes of back-up power. The microiber cleaning cloth is washable and the water tank replaceable, making it eco-friendly.



Price: ZAR7,999 ($438)
</div><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1001" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Hobot-S6-Pro-1024x1001.png" alt="" class="wp-image-64059 size-full" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Hobot-S6-Pro-1024x1001.png 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Hobot-S6-Pro-300x293.png 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Hobot-S6-Pro-768x751.png 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Hobot-S6-Pro-1536x1502.png 1536w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Hobot-S6-Pro-2048x2002.png 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div>



<div class="wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="711" height="1024" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/HidrateSpark-711x1024.png" alt="" class="wp-image-64058 size-full" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/HidrateSpark-711x1024.png 711w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/HidrateSpark-208x300.png 208w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/HidrateSpark-768x1106.png 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/HidrateSpark-1066x1536.png 1066w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/HidrateSpark.png 1276w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 711px) 100vw, 711px" /></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
HidrateSpark Pro Smart Tumbler 



The HidrateSpark Pro 590ml smart tumbler bottle stands out for its connected features. It syncs with Bluetooth to a paired smartphone and tracks water intake with reminders when to sip through its glowing feature on the base. It is vacuum insulated and keeps drinks cold for 14 hours and hot for four hours. It comes with a removable stainless-steel straw, supports the Find My Bottle feature to track it and integrates with fitness apps.



Price: ZAR1,799 ($98)
</div></div>



<div class="wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile"><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
VezoPay Ring



A South African company is redeining wearable tech through its payment ring that works with Visa and Mastercard on iOS and Android. The ring is available in black, pink, white, silver or gold, which goes up to 18K gold, in either a slim or wide cut and a matte or gloss inish. It requires no charging and is secured through an NFC tokenization that encrypts data. Durability includes impact resistance and it’s water- and dust-proof.



Price: from ZAR2,100 ($115)
</div><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="728" height="642" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Vezo-Pay-Ring.png" alt="" class="wp-image-64063 size-full" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Vezo-Pay-Ring.png 728w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Vezo-Pay-Ring-300x265.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px" /></figure></div>

Unwrapped Xmas present revealing tablet

Gifts For Geeks: What’s Next

Hot off the fashion runways, here’s a look at the cross-cultural fusion of African designers overseas. The following pages explore fashion as cultural diplomacy; the designer pieces not only contribute to current global trends but also challenge stereotypes allowing for a broader understanding of heritage, history and innovation.



Photography: Manelisi Dabata ; Assistant: Bokang Khuto | Styling: Deneal Van Wyk | Hair &amp; Makeup: SnehhOnline Beauty | Location: Houghton 1938, Johannesburg



TIA ‘TIMA REECE’ HERMAN Performing Artist, Singer/Songwriter, Vocal Producer, Vocal Coach



<div class="wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="701" height="1024" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2298-Recovered-701x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-64078 size-full" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2298-Recovered-701x1024.jpg 701w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2298-Recovered-206x300.jpg 206w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2298-Recovered-768x1121.jpg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2298-Recovered-1052x1536.jpg 1052w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2298-Recovered-1403x2048.jpg 1403w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2298-Recovered-scaled.jpg 1754w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 701px) 100vw, 701px" /></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
TIA WEARS:



Gold Statement Earrings; ZAR480/$27, House of Ayi Pink Peony Corset Dress; ZAR21,999/$1,207, Nolanga Made Gold Oval Bracelet; ZAR1,000/$55, House of Ayi Poppy Red Tote Bag; ZAR8,490/$466, Tory Burch, Preview Designer Collection Black Heels; ZAR5,290/$290, Europa Art
</div></div>



KURT HERMAN Music Producer, Mixing and Mastering Engineer, Singer/Songwriter


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="871" height="1024" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2364-Recovered-871x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-64080" style="width:432px;height:auto" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2364-Recovered-871x1024.jpg 871w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2364-Recovered-255x300.jpg 255w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2364-Recovered-768x903.jpg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2364-Recovered-1306x1536.jpg 1306w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2364-Recovered-1742x2048.jpg 1742w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 871px) 100vw, 871px" /></figure></div>


KURT WEARS:



Denim Jacket; ZAR15,000/$823, TSHEPO Jeans Purple Knitted Pullover; ZAR3,600/$198, GUGUBYGUGU Denim Jeans; ZAR10,000/$549, TSHEPO Jeans White Sneakers; ZAR3,690/$202, Europa Art


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="638" height="822" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/1734699879852-3d8e3456-f9b5-4ad4-a208-da9b5b31ed95_1-1.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-64091" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/1734699879852-3d8e3456-f9b5-4ad4-a208-da9b5b31ed95_1-1.jpg 638w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/1734699879852-3d8e3456-f9b5-4ad4-a208-da9b5b31ed95_1-1-233x300.jpg 233w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 638px) 100vw, 638px" /></figure></div>


<div class="wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile"><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
KURT WEARS:



Printed Suit Jacket; ZAR25,000/$1,372, MAXHOSA Printed Pants; ZAR17,500/$961, MAXHOSA



Brown Shoes; ZAR3,190/$175, Europa Art
</div><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="683" height="1024" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2590-Recovered-683x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-64083 size-full" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2590-Recovered-683x1024.jpg 683w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2590-Recovered-200x300.jpg 200w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2590-Recovered-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2590-Recovered-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2590-Recovered-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2590-Recovered-scaled.jpg 1707w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px" /></figure></div>



<div class="wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="669" height="1024" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2660-Recovered-669x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-64071 size-full" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2660-Recovered-669x1024.jpg 669w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2660-Recovered-196x300.jpg 196w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2660-Recovered-768x1176.jpg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2660-Recovered-1003x1536.jpg 1003w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2660-Recovered-1338x2048.jpg 1338w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2660-Recovered-scaled.jpg 1672w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 669px) 100vw, 669px" /></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
TIA WEARS:



Sheer Dress; ZAR9,800/$538, Viviers Studio Gold Blazer; ZAR28,000/$1,538, Viviers StudioGreen Diamante Bag; ZAR6,990/$379, Karl Lagerfeld, Preview Designer Collection Gold Court Heels; ZAR3,690/$202, Europa Art Gold Oval Dome Ring, ZAR350/$19, House of Ayi
</div></div>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="612" height="848" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/1734699889622-fdaa94cb-5643-4675-a613-c41418a72d28_1.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-64089" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/1734699889622-fdaa94cb-5643-4675-a613-c41418a72d28_1.jpg 612w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/1734699889622-fdaa94cb-5643-4675-a613-c41418a72d28_1-217x300.jpg 217w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 612px) 100vw, 612px" /></figure></div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="982" height="1024" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2957-Recovered-982x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-64074" style="width:616px;height:auto" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2957-Recovered-982x1024.jpg 982w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2957-Recovered-288x300.jpg 288w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2957-Recovered-768x801.jpg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2957-Recovered-1473x1536.jpg 1473w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_2957-Recovered-1964x2048.jpg 1964w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 982px) 100vw, 982px" /></figure></div>


TIA WEARS:



Printed Blouse; ZAR11,500/$631, MAXHOSA Printed Skirt; ZAR14,000/$769, MAXHOSA Gold Chunky Bangles (each); ZAR1,000/$55, House of Ayi Red Square Toe Heels; ZAR3,490/$192, Europa Art



KURT WEARS:



Black Blazer With Button Detailing; ZAR5,500/$302, GUGUBYGUGU Mesh T-Shirt; ZAR300/$16, GUGUBYGUGU Black Tailored Pants; ZAR1,820/$100, GUGUBYGUGU Black Suede Loafer; ZAR5,490/$302, Europa Art


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="658" height="851" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/1734699897307-45b7b929-0c70-47f9-b628-79c94d4599be_1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-64088" style="width:528px;height:auto" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/1734699897307-45b7b929-0c70-47f9-b628-79c94d4599be_1.png 658w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/1734699897307-45b7b929-0c70-47f9-b628-79c94d4599be_1-232x300.png 232w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 658px) 100vw, 658px" /></figure></div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="682" height="1024" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_3216-Recovered-682x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-64076" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_3216-Recovered-682x1024.jpg 682w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_3216-Recovered-200x300.jpg 200w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_3216-Recovered-768x1154.jpg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_3216-Recovered-1022x1536.jpg 1022w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_3216-Recovered-1363x2048.jpg 1363w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/DSC_3216-Recovered-scaled.jpg 1704w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 682px) 100vw, 682px" /></figure></div>


KURT WEARS:



Double Breasted Blazer: ZAR5,060/$280, GUGUBYGUGU, Black Shirt, ZAR500/$28, GUGUBYGUGU Black Cargo Pants: ZAR1,456/ $80.4 GUGUBYGUGU, Black Loafers: ZAR2,990/ $165, Europa Art



TIA WEARS:



Black Flower Detail Corset; ZAR18,999/$1,043, Nolanga Made Black Flared Tailored Pants; ZAR1,820/$100, GUGUBYGUGU Gold Tote Bag; ZAR6,000/$330, Tory Burch, Preview Designer Collection White Embellished Loafers; ZAR2,690/$148, Europa Art

Untitled design (17)

Luxury Holiday Fashion Guide: Africa’s Global Threads

There are affordable ways to reduce the amount of plastic you use and alternatives that help limit the spread of microplastics when you’re out shopping and eating this holiday season.



Microplastics, the tiny pieces of plastic debris that permeate everything from the water we drink to the air we breathe, are detrimental to human and environmental health. Busy, cost-conscious shoppers can choose affordable ways to reduce the amount of plastic they consume and discard.



“These particles are increasingly recognized as endocrine disruptors, capable of interfering with our hormonal systems,&#8221; writes&nbsp;Forbes&nbsp;contributor Dr. Christopher Thompson, a medical professor at Harvard University. &#8220;By mimicking hormones like estrogen and cortisol, microplastics may contribute to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/christopherthompson/2024/08/19/your-plastic-water-bottle-may-be-making-you-gain-weight-microplastics/">weight gain, metabolic issues, fertility and other serious health problems</a>.”



In addition to making us gain weight faster and reproduce slower,&nbsp;Forbes&nbsp;science contributor&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/lesliekatz/2024/03/12/microplastics-in-arteries-heighten-heart-attack-and-stroke-risk-study-warns/">Leslie Katz</a>&nbsp;writes that research published earlier this year shows microplastics may be affiliated with heightened risks of heart attack and stroke.



When it comes to the planet at large, the overwhelming amount of plastic production and plastic trash we generate has widespread impacts. According to the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.unep.org/interactives/beat-plastic-pollution/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">United Nation Environment Programme</a>, people produce 400 million tonnes of plastic waste every year, polluting water supplies.



Here are a few tactics that&nbsp;Forbes&nbsp;contributor&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jessepines/2024/04/25/5-ways-to-reduce-your-microplastics-exposure-in-the-plasticene-era/">Dr. Jesse Pines</a>, a practicing physician and professor of emergency medicine at Drexel University, recommends for reducing microplastic consumption at home:



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Avoid heating plastic bowls or cups, including steamy takeout served in plastic containers.</li>



<li>Vacuum your home, including couches and drapes, frequently and follow that cleaning with wet mopping to reduce the microplastic particles you’d otherwise breath in.</li>



<li>Triple check that you’ve cleaned your food thoroughly before cooking, especially seafood like shrimp.</li>
</ul>



Drinking from a copper or glass bottle, not plastic water bottles, and washing dishes with powder or liquid soap, instead of with plastic pods, can also help families avoid ingesting plastic particles.



And, as&nbsp;Forbes&nbsp;sustainability contributor&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/oliviapinnock/2024/10/21/the-plastic-pollution-hiding-in-your-wardrobe-and-how-to-tackle-it/">Olivia Pinnock</a>&nbsp;points out, using products like Cora Ball or GUPPYFRIEND when washing your clothes at home can reduce the quantity of microplastic released into the water when you do laundry.



As many shoppers know, single-use plastic bags are on their way out. A dozen U.S. states and a growing number of municipalities in other states have banned them. Remember, you can put cloth canvas bags in your car or purse so that they’re already available the next time you go grocery shopping.



“Plastic bag bans in the U.S. have proven effective in reducing plastic litter and pollution in the ocean,” writes&nbsp;Forbes&nbsp;sustainability contributor&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/danieladelorenzo/2024/09/09/plastic-bag-bans-tackle-ocean-pollution-right-study-finds/">Daniela De Lorenzo</a>, adding “The European Union has set a target for citizens to use a maximum of 40 plastic bags per year.”



No matter where you live, or what type of shopping you need to do, there are affordable ways to reduce the amount of plastic you consume. With these simple tips you can avoid plastics while shopping and eating, enjoying a healthier lifestyle that’s better for both you and the environment.

a woman drinking coffee in stainless steel cup

How To Avoid Plastics While Shopping And Eating

With sensors, smart devices, intelligent equipment and data-driven analytics, next generation technologies and virtual training programs are bringing personalized fitness into the lounge, offering elite athletes and home users the same access to exceptional quality training, regardless of location.



Intelligent clothing and accessories, smart dumbbells, interactive interfaces, artificial intelligence (AI) customized training programs and smart sensors are changing the shape of the sports market – and that of their users.



According to Data Bridge Market Research, the Middle East and Africa fitness equipment market is expected to reach $514.87 million by 2031 at a compound annual growth rate (cagr) of 4.60% with South Africa expected to take the lead with innovations around fit- ness equipment that uses next-generation technologies. Joining South Africa in leveraging AI to enhance fitness training and wellbeing, Nigeria, Ghana and Kenya are also paying attention to the value of AI with interest- ing innovations in virtual trainers, online training plat- forms, and real-time physical monitoring tools.



AI has the potential to fix the problems that people create when they are left to do workouts on their own. It can also be used to enhance the training programs used by coaches to train elite athletes thanks to in- depth data and real-time analytics.



“There are two elements that are important to a coach – measuring and monitoring – as these allow you to prescribe the ideal overload and get the timing of the overload,” explains Ian Martin, Endurance Sports Coach at Coach One. “Technology has played a huge role taking this to another level. Instead of spreadsheets and the limited intelligence of the initial heartrate monitors, i can now fine-tune training cycles.”



Metrics such as sleep, nutrition and recovery can benefit from AI which provides coaches with an exten- sive source of data that can even include environmen- tal factors that play a significant role when preparing an athlete. “The technology is providing athletes and coaches with access to exceptional data that allows them to keep their finger on the pulse – pun intended,” says Martin. “Technology has allowed us to deliver the right information in the right format to anyone, regardless of their level of education or accessibility.”



It is also not exclusively the domain of the elite ath- lete. Anyone can benefit from AI-powered accessories and virtual solutions. iGym in Kenya, for example, uses AI to customize workouts and provide nutrition plans for users, the data built on the expertise provided by trained fitness consultants. It enhances this with ac- cess to guides, articles, videos and calculators designed to make fitness easy and accessible. As Joseph Muongi Kamau, Founder of iGym, explains: “We use AI to cre- ate custom workout plans, training content and provide real-time fitness advice. We opted into using AI as it al- lows us to serve more individuals at scale and generate more accurate workouts and wellness plans that meet their needs. We have seen a significant improvement in fitness results, retention and motivation among clients who use the platform.”



This increased engagement is exactly what was found in a recent paper in Ghana. The researchers established that the use of emerging technologies could be used to improve the health and fitness of sedentary groups. The study focused on Ghanian students and it found that the more aware students were of the technologies and how they could be used to improve their physical wellbeing, the more likely they were to use them.



And AI has the potential to reduce injury and im- prove the quality of workouts. Another paper by Mi- chael Deyzel, Computer Vision Engineer at Stellen- bosch-based startup Hawktivity, in collaboration with Dr Rensu Theart, Senior Lecturer at Stellenbosch Uni- versity in South Africa, wanted to find how AI could be used to enhance workouts, virtual coaching and fitness. “Our project started in collaboration with the Sports Science department to find a way if people did their strength and conditioning exercises correctly,” explains Theart. “Athletes would be given instructions but then lose the correct posture over time which could cause injury and it wasn’t feasible for everyone to have a personal trainer. So, we asked what if there was a system that could automatically tell someone if their posture was correct?”



It turns out that yes, AI can be used to develop a system capable of learning how someone moves and provide intelligent feedback and coaching. “The big disadvantage of AI is that it needs a lot of training data and for fitness, a lot of the datasets needed to train the AI don’t exist yet. The idea of this paper was to find out if AI could learn how to do an exercise perfectly with only one example of that exercise,” says Deyzel. Turns out – this is entirely possible and it is also, believes Dey- zel, something that can democratize sports training in Africa. Just not quite yet.



“The system could potentially be used by anyone indefinitely as a way of supporting elite athlete train- ing – it can provide metrics, insights and guidance when there is limited access to a personal trainer,” says Deyzel. “It does democratize access just a bit, but there needs to be funding behind it because these sys- tems cost money to train, run and set up.”



These systems are also evolving at a radical rate on the global stage. Many of the technologies aren’t avail- able on the continent and, if they are, they’re selling at an exorbitant price. The MAGIC mirror uses AI to provide users with live feedback and real-time pos- ture corrections while they workout at home. Boxing, strength training, dancing and soccer training are some of the workouts included in the futuristic, touch-screen mirror that retails for £400 ($531). Then, there’s the ex- plosion of solutions using sensors, AI and the Internet of Things (IoT) to enhance sporting performance in clothing. According to GlobalData’s Technology Fore- sights, more than 76,000 patents have been filed in the past three years. These are aimed at detecting metrics such as environment, speed, acceleration, impact, force and more and the data they generate? This has multiple applications across performance, design, and function- ality.



“AI allows us to coach based on the individual and to personalize the experience for people,” concludes Karen Loader, master franchisor for F45 Training. The company uses a fitness programming algorithm that leverages a content database of several thousand unique training movements to offer new workouts ev- ery day that are accessible globally. “We can provide the same workouts to people anywhere – be they in Cape Town or Nairobi – and use real data to transform their performance or their recovery.”



Is AI going to change the shape of sports? Yes.



Intelligent clothing and accessories may be out of pocket for most people on the continent right now but virtual training programs and platforms are eas- ily available and perfectly attuned to what the African market needs and wants.



This combination of AI and digital brings person- alized fitness into the lounge, offering elite athletes and home users the same access to exceptional quality training, regardless of their location. It is perhaps the era of athletic democratization as local gets the same training flavor as global.

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The Changing Shape Of Sport: How AI Is Playing Fitness Instructor

Since its inception in 2014 – with Checkers (Shoprite Holdings) becoming the first official retailer to introduce Black Friday in South Africa – the appetite and uptake for what is arguably one of the biggest shopping days in the world has grown.



But consumers tend to amp up their spending on this day in particular, ahead of the festive season, which experts feel can be avoided.



“Black Friday is a great time to really set yourself up in some instances,” Ester&nbsp;Ochse, Product Head at FNB Integrated Advice, tells FORBES AFRICA. “But it&#8217;s also a very quick way to set yourself up to a very long January. If you do tend to overextend yourself at this moment in time, when are you going to pay the price? You&#8217;re going to pay the price after the festive season.”


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="683" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1807427908.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-63801" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1807427908.jpg 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1807427908-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1807427908-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A sign that announces a price discount for Black Friday in Johannesburg, South Africa. (Photo by Wang Xi/China News Service/VCG via Getty Images)</figcaption></figure></div>


Ulana van Biljon, Chief Operating Officer of Emira Property Fund, wrote in her thought leadership piece that the condensed festive season may actually lead to higher spending in January. “This year, fewer shopping days between&nbsp;Black&nbsp;Friday&nbsp;and Christmas Eve, could signal lower sales over the festive period, even with a surge in shopping as consumers scramble to make purchases,” van Biljon said.



To curb this, Ochse recommends that shoppers plan by budgeting their purchases to ensure they do not find themselves in any debt.



“Before you even think about buying anything, set up a discretionary budget on how much you want to spend for Black Friday.”



Furthermore, Ochse recommends that although the festive season is a great time to pick up bargains, make a list during this time as well and avoid just walking around the shopping aisles “aimlessly” as there will be temptations to “just buy.”



However, extended campaigns may actually work in consumers&#8217; favor, according to van Biljon, which could allow for them to “feel more secure in their purchasing decisions as they have longer to evaluate deals and sales”.



FNB’s stats have shown that the major purchases consumers make during Black Friday are groceries (specifically non-perishables), clothing, home buys (such as for home improvements) and travel. What is a surprise for Ochse, however, is how people budget their Black Friday money for medical bills.



“Medical, interestingly enough, is a category that&#8217;s come up. I&#8217;m not quite sure if there are some doctors running specials out there.”



Limit chances for fraud



The key ‘do’ for Black Friday is for consumers to continue to rely on digital payments as opposed to using their actual cards. This will ensure cyber-criminals have less access to fraud.



“This shift towards digital payment technology is crucial during events such as Black Friday,” Norman Nyawo, the Head of Merchant Solutions for Business and Commercial Banking at Standard Bank South Africa, says in a statement. “When long queues and transaction delays can make or break sales success.”



“Virtual cards are vitally important,” Ochse adds. “The reason why you want to use virtual cards – and there&#8217;s been a significant uptake in this – is you want to make sure that by using it, you&#8217;re protecting yourself. Because as much as we think it&#8217;s a great time to go out and do some extra shopping, the scammers and the fraudsters are out there as well, and by using things like your virtual card, you&#8217;ve got that little bit of an extra protection and layer as well.”



It’s all about smart planning and doing the math, so if the discount is not that significant, it is not a bargain. But it’s also about spotting the real deals and the scams that consumers just don’t see coming.



“For instance, a very popular outdoor warehouse store [stated that they] now suddenly having things like 90% off,” Ochse said. “Now you know that a store in South Africa will not do 90% off, and if you click through – not that I am encouraging anyone to click through – what happens is it takes you to a sort of duplicate site or scammer site.”



In the United States, where Black Friday reigns supreme, US Today reported that 131.7 million people (72%) shop on the day. &nbsp;



In South Africa, the stats are no different, as in 2024, a Capital Connect report found that retailers in could generate ZAR22 billion ($1.2 billion) in additional direct revenues due to Black Friday sales this year, as well as generate ZAR28 billion ($1.5 billion) in indirect economic impact. In this same period, the wholesale sector will gain additional sales of ZAR32.1 billion ($1.7 billion).



The study finds that consumer interest in Black Friday looks to be higher in 2024 than any of the past three years.



“Black Friday, obviously, as you know, is an American concept. It&#8217;s the first Friday after Thanksgiving there, so you can get up to 70%-80% off,” Ochse adds. “In South Africa, because we do everything [differently], we have made it a month-long thing because we already start getting Black Friday deals [from] the first week in November.



“But is it really good? You&#8217;re going to have to hunt for those bargains.”

Black Week Sale

Preparing For Your Black Friday Bargains In South Africa And What You Must Not Do

WHAT IS IT ABOUT SOUTH AFRICAN BRANDIES that make them so special, yet, why are they underappreciated by the broader population in the country? We speak to the connoisseurs, who raise their glasses for elevating their favorite tipple. 



South Africa, with one of the oldest wine routes outside of France is, unsurprisingly, a producer of top-class wines. And beyond wine, brandy, in particular, is another top-class spirit produced here, a fact most locals are unaware of. Often dismissed as part of brandewyn en coke (brandy and Coke drink combination) culture, South African brandy is actually of such high quality, it regularly cleans up at international awards shows.



When looking at what sets South African brandies apart, there are a few components at play. Firstly, it’s worth noting there are three primary categories of brandy: Pot still or Cape, Vintage and Blended brandy. Pot still/Cape and blended brandies make up the majority of the category. Pot still/Cape brandy is made exclusively from copper pot still distillation and aged for at least three years. This represents the traditional and artisanal style of brandy production, while blended brandy is a mix of at least 30% pot still, and unmatured spirits, designed to be more affordable and versatile, and used for mixers and cocktails.



Secondly, the grapes used to make the base wines for distillation start by being exceptional. Chenin blanc and Colombard are the most common grapes used for brandy production and with South Africa’s prolific wine industry, it’s no surprise that these grapes become excellent wines. South African brandies are also characterized by rigorous production standards, which include the minimum aging period. The country’s regulations require that brandy must be aged for at least three years, surpassing the minimum aging period for cognac, which is two and a half years.



“In practice, many South African brandies are aged far beyond this requirement, developing a depth of flavor that is unmatched,” says John Loomes, CEO of KWV, one of South Africa’s leading wine and spirits producers. “The warmer climate in South Africa allows grapes used in brandy production to reach full ripeness with higher sugar levels, resulting in brandies that exhibit rich, sun- dried fruit notes both on the nose and palate. This warmer climate also accelerates the aging process, enhancing the aromatic intensity and concentration of the brandies.” He continues by saying that this often results in 20-year-old South African brandies developing characteristics that would typically take 35 years in Europe. “This leads to a rich and complex flavor profile that is highly regarded by international connoisseurs,” says Loomes.



With distilleries such as KWV drawing on techniques as far back as 1926, the local brandy industry has long been held to such a high standard. “The quality was high from the beginning and was originally formulated to be enjoyed with a mixer,” says Johan Venter, a renowned master distiller. “Our production methods were prescribed and were different to the rest of the world. We use a pot still, while the rest of the world mainly uses column stills. We use small barrels (smaller than 340 liters) and the minimum age is three years, whereas the rest of the world uses large barrels with little maturation time, roughly six months.” 



Ultimately, the regulations around brandy are what uphold its quality and importance in local spirit production. “The industry adheres to regulations that dictate production methods, aging, and classification,” says Shane Mumba, brand ambassador for the South African Brandy Foundation and member of The Black Cellar Club, or BLACC, a nonprofit focused on education in wines and spirits in the hospitality sector. “We have strict legislation for brandy production. The South African Brandy Foundation established by the industry in 1984 protects the heritage and integrity of South African brandy.”



The nod to heritage here is important in understanding the complexity of brandy, as well as its reception and popularity. It’s believed that the first-recorded brandy distillation took place in 1672, aboard a Dutch ship anchored in Table Bay. “The cook managed to distil 1,000 liters of Cape wine into about 130 liters of brandy and the South African brandy story started,” says Mumba. “The Dutch, and later the French Huguenots, brought with them a wealth of knowledge in viticulture and distillation, laying the foundation for South African brandy.” It would be centuries later until brandy began to develop some traction, but this legacy has culminated in a globally-recognized product. As recently as May, at the 2024 International Spirits Challenge, KWV was one of three local producers to win gold.



Leah van Deventer is an award-winning spirits and drinks writer, judge and consultant and says that these awards underpin the quality of local brandy, but highlights why that doesn’t necessarily translate to popularity at home. “South African brandy is a world leader in the category, and it has double gold medals and best-in-class awards from multiple blind-tasting competitions to prove it,” says Van Deventer. “That said, you can have a brilliant product, and it may still not be to someone’s personal taste, in terms of both their consumer bias and their preferred flavor profile.” Simply put, brandy – even one that systematically wins global accolades – is not everyone’s cup of tea and there’s data to back this up.



KWV’s Loomes says that only an estimated 4% of the African population currently consumes brandy or cognac. He attributes this to brandy’s public perception and how it’s viewed in comparison to other spirits. “Locally, South African brandy often competes with the long-established prestige of cognac, which has become synonymous with luxury in the minds of many consumers, mainly due to its imported status. Despite the world-class quality of our brandies, this perception can sometimes overshadow local appreciation of just how good they are.”



Venter agrees, adding that in the early 1990s, when imported whiskey became too expensive, local whiskey was introduced as a substitute, further taking the spotlight off brandy. “South African whiskey is a fantastic product and at the time it was considered much classier to drink whiskey than brandy,” Venter adds. “But the misuse of brandy in South Africa gave it a very bad reputation.”



This lesser view of brandy, coupled with the rise of interest in cognac, also comes back to the history of the spirit. “Within its home country, brandy is still often seen as a White man’s tipple, with the historical stigma that goes with that,” says Van Deventer. She adds that it is beginning to gain traction within the Black community, thanks to the work of associations like BLACC, but there’s still a lot of work to be done.



Mumba echoes this, saying education is a key driver. “Brandy production is a complex and intricate process. Very few people know how much time and care goes into producing brandy.” He continues by saying that most South Africans simply aren’t aware of their award-winning brandies. “The more South Africans know about the incredible brandies we have and the time it takes to make this golden liquid, the more interested they will be.” Loomes adds that to invigorate interest, there must be continued emphasis on the local brandy’s exceptional quality. 



“And in the case of our pot stills, these are not only on par with but often surpasses cognac in taste and quality.” This is particularly key in emerging markets where the rising costs of cognac present a clear opportunity for local brandies. Mumba also highlights how the reframing of brandy can help with its reception. “The versatility of blended brandy makes it a wonderful choice for mixers and cocktails, but it also calls for greater creativity within the category,” he says. “This presents a great opportunity for entrepreneurs to create ready-to- drink aperitifs to attract a younger and new consumer.”

Young female bartender professionally pours rum or brandy from steel jigger into glass at bar.

What Sets South African Brandy Apart – And Rebranding To Attract New Customers

The boundless journey of the international African American museum and deep curation of a shared history. 



In January 1861, the estate of a deceased landowner called William McKenna was auctioned at the local courthouse in Lancaster County, South Carolina. According to the auction poster, McKenna’s property included 182 ‘Negro Slaves’: toddlers as young as three; a shoemaker aged ‘about 50 years’; a woman named Charlotte and her six children, available for $800 each.



This faded document, ambered in a kind of matter-of-fact horror, belongs to the Internation- al African American Museum (IAAM), opened in 2023 in Charleston at Gadsden’s Wharf, the first destination for 40% of the enslaved Afri- cans who landed in the United States (U.S.). It’s an architectural choice that recognizes both an unflinching apprehension of the site’s tragic his- tory, and its potential as a place of healing for vis- itors whose descendants began their American journey in an exhausted step from the slave ship to the jetty.



Malika N. Pryor is the IAAM’s Chief Learning and Engagement Officer, providing strategic direction for its programs: the cultural history of West and West Central Africa; the “nuanced historical connections throughout the Black Atlantic World”; the memories of the enslaved Africans who worked in South Carolina’s lucrative rice industry; and the Center for Family History, which assists African Americans interested in researching their own ancestry. 



“Our first goal for the Center is to break down the ‘wall of 1870’ – 1870 being the year newly-minted African Americans are included en masse in the U.S. Census,” she says. “Many African Americans find it difficult to trace their ancestry beyond this point. Disembar- kation is an equally critical goal: our researchers have traced African-descended ancestors to the 1600s. And the grand thoroughfares of the more recent past – the civil rights movement, Black Power, or the Great Migration – are the natural aggregation of a million respective decisions. When people know the role their family played in these moments, they can place themselves on the map of humanity.” To that end, the museum has been developing relationships with West African countries as part of a deep curation of a shared history.



“Whether in Sierra Leone, where we are working to secure relics connected to the trans-Atlantic slave trade; Ghana, where we foster knowledge exchange in cultural studies; or by hosting dignitaries from Togo: we are working intently to engage with the African continent,” says Pryor. “While we are not a philosophically pan-African institution, it’s difficult to imagine a museum that frames the African American journey within the context of the larger diaspora without the advocacy of a unified African identity. In many respects, it is the legacy of pan-Africanism that gives way to this idea of an African cultural continuum across the oceans.”



African visitors to the museum have also felt empowered by its affirmation of their own cultural integrity. “They’ve told us IAAM is the first museum where they see themselves: where their stories are prominent and clearly related to Black people in the Americas. That was such important feedback.”



In an era where so many in power push back against the idea of restitution, could the museum have a role to play in an intellectual recalibration of the U.S.’ understanding of African American culture? “South Carolina, for much of its history, was a numerical Black ma- jority,” Pryor says. 



“Enslaved Africans developed the rice economy, constructed much of the architecture that dots the Carolina coast, fought to preserve our democracy, seeded the origins of jazz. The contributions of African Americans are clear, but they are not always evident. Our mission is to honor the untold stories of this journey. If we do that well, the museum’s potential to inspire visitors to become the story-keepers of these incredible narratives is boundless.”

IAAM, photo by Sahar Coston-Hardyv

Cultural Continuum And The Legacy Of Pan-Africanism In The U.S.

From the rainforest to the ocean, artificial intelligence is decoding nature’s most complex data patterns and is proving to be a game-changer in conservation.



For as long as there has been wildlife conservation, there has been a need for data. In order to understand ecosystem health, animal behavior and population trends, you have to be able to measure what’s going on in nature. And while there are many ways to do this, from drones to tracking devices, thermal cameras and even rangers on-foot, satellite imagery and camera traps have made study- ing wildlife movement a little bit easier. Not only can conservationists collect ample data, there’s minimal disturbance to animals. When it comes to analyzing the imagery, all that’s really needed is someone who can recognize an animal and there are many training programs to do just that.



But to really understand ecological trends, there are many creatures that are simply too small to be captured through pictures. “With very big animals like elephants, you can see them using satellite data which is great but a significant portion of the ecosystem is hidden,” says Dr Juan Lavista Ferres, who has worked in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) for over 20 years, and is the Chief Data Scientist of Microsoft’s AI for Good Lab. Luckily, those animals that are undetectable in satel- lite imagery make up for their size with sound, which is where acoustic data comes in – and in the case of ani- mal sounds, bioacoustic data. “From a noise perspec- tive, they are there,” laughs Ferres. “There is no corre- lation between the size of an animal and the sound it makes. Very small animals can make a lot of noise and can do very specific frequencies.”



<h1 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-nature-s-silent-signals">Nature’s silent signals</h1>



There’s huge potential in environmental recordings (bio- acoustics are important bioindicators —they are nature’s health signalers) and the good news is that a lot of the data is already available. At the AI for Good Lab, Ferres and his team have continuous surveillance recordings from the Amazon that go back to 1992. The problem is that there are only a handful of scientific experts who can understand what is going on when the data is visualized, and then interpret the frequencies to identify specific animals. “It’s extremely niche. In the case of bioacoustic data, you need a huge level of expertise and there are very few people in the world that can recognize these sounds and frequencies,” adds Ferres.



Another challenge is that going through all of this audio takes time. Ferres says that many of the record- ings he has run non-stop, day and night, for 365 days. “A person would need to be listening to these sounds for a whole year to get through just one year’s worth of data. Now imagine that you have multiple recordings in one forest?” There’s simply too much data for hu- mans to process manually, which is why AI is such a game-changer in conservation – it’s making research a much more efficient process. AI can learn from these experts to automate identifying and classifying animal sounds across large datasets. “We can go through all of the recordings and understand how the health of the ecosystem is changing,” says Ferrers. “Now that we have more compute and better models, we can work with these different types of data, whether it’s images, videos or acoustic data.”



<h1 class="wp-block-heading">Under the sea</h1>



One of the AI for Good Lab’s first projects using acoustic data was with endangered beluga whales in Alaska us- ing underwater sensors. “You can capture the sound of these whales, their vocalizations,” says Ferres. Because sounds travel much further than visual cues, with acous- tic data, researchers can detect (and even potentially identify) different types of whales over vast distances in the ocean, far beyond what would be possible with visual observation methods. “There are particular frequencies in the water that will be very difficult to detect without AI,” adds Ferres. “You can’t solve a problem if you can’t measure it. By doing this, we can actually start measuring the problem.”



Working with different industries and partners throughout the world, Ferres’ hope is that now that the information is in these AI models, more people will be able to use them to track animals over time. All the work that comes out of the AI for Good Lab is also open source which means all of the projects are freely available to re- searchers and organizations worldwide. “It’s a complete philanthropic effort. We give up the idea. We publish everything. All the work we do is for the societal good,” he says. “AI is not just the solution, but sometimes it’s the only solution we have.”

Botswana. Woman photographing giraffe in Chobe National Park with tablet.

Work On The Wild Side: How AI Is Helping Conservation In Africa And The Huge Potential Of Environment Recordings

Olu Johnson is a personal security officer to the stars in the United Kingdom. It’s a rough and tough job, but one that he wouldn’t trade for anything else in the world.



On July 13 this year, Johnson watched in shock as the news unfolded of the attempted assassination of President-elect Donald Trump.



“I remember every news station and website was playing on repeat the image of Trump with blood running down his face as security agents scurried him off the stage. It was surreal,” recalls Johnson.



But Johnson, perhaps more so than most people who watched the news, knows all too well the importance of personal security for someone so high-profile. As a close protection officer, Johnson has built a reputation as one of the go-to personal security officers in the United Kingdom (U.K.) counting high-profile celebrities like Prince, Naomi Campbell, Burna Boy and Wizkid as some of his clients.



After watching the news, Johnson explains that his training immediately kicked in as he started to examine where the potential security breaches could have happened.



The world of a close protection officer is not for the faint-hearted.



Characterized by average working hours of about 10 to 20 per shift, unpredictable scenarios at every turn and a lack of ample personal time, it takes a person who is truly dedicated to the craft to succeed. Johnson is the first point of contact for every venue his clients visit, and ensures he knows the security layout and exit strategy of each venue.



Unfortunately, the better you are at your job as a close protection officer, the higher the toll on your personal life.



“The first setback is separation from your family or those you love. This is not a career you will do well in if you are not present and being present means lots of late nights, lots of travel, lots of last-minute calls. You will miss birthdays, anniversaries and important moments and it is almost a lose-lose, because, if you don’t miss it and you choose your family, your work will lose and if you choose your work, it will have some adverse effect on your family unless you are single,” says Johnson.



The second setback, he adds, is the physical drain this type of work takes on you.



“This is very long hours. A four-hour day can turn into a 20-hour day and I have two young children and they ask, ‘when are you coming back from work?’ Once I stare at them, they say, ‘oh, you don’t know’, and that is because I don’t know. A quick dinner trip with a client can turn into a club night and that turns into an after-party and that turns into ‘let’s go to a studio’.



“I had a job once where a client finished shopping and asked if I had my passport with me and that turned into a trip to a private airport and then another country. I didn’t get back for two days. It is exciting but it is harsh because you are physically tired – you are the first to wake up and the last to go to sleep.”



But it’s a career path that Johnson would not trade for the world. And it took him a while to find it.



“Both my parents are strong academics from Nigeria so I was expected to be the lawyer of the family and that is exactly what I did after we moved to the U.K. when I was seven because people were looking to do serious harm to my dad,” recalls Johnson.



Facing that danger from an early age planted the seed of safety and security in Johnson’s mind. He toed the professional line as a lawyer, graduating from the University of Hertfordshire with a law degree and completing his LPC at the College of Law in London.



For the next three years, Johnson would practise as a lawyer until a chance encounter with a fitness buddy derailed his legal trajectory and transformed that seed of security from his younger days into a calling that could no longer be ignored.



“My interest in fitness and weight training got me connected to my former business partner who has passed away. He wanted me to do the close protection training course with him. I didn’t initially want to do it but he showed me how lucrative the industry could be. He said to me, ‘I cannot match how much of a people person you are so I will do the admin and you deal with the people and I promise you we can make a lot of money’,” says Johnson.



His business partner was not wrong.



According to Fortune Business Insights, the global private security market size was valued at $235.37 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow from $247.75 billion in 2024 to $385.32 billion by 2032.



After securing his license from a U.K. security agency, Johnson began the uphill struggle of securing his first booking.



“It took about two years to get anyone to [allow me to] work with them. I used to be a semi-professional musician and I played bass guitar for a lot of celebrities. It was so difficult to convince them to allow me to protect them instead of play music with them. I had to move away from people I knew and I started networking vigorously, away from music in general,” says Johnson.



His breakthrough finally happened when a promoter friend offered him a job to protect American singer and dancer, Omarion, during a 10-year club anniversary in London.



“It takes so long to get ahead in the industry because it is a trust business. It is [easier] to get someone who is already in the business than to get someone new because if anything goes wrong, it is you that has to explain. So Omarion was my first one and once you get that one, you have that reference.



“It was a slow burn but the two-year period allowed me to experience all the other aspects of the security world from retail, events, clubs, asset protection and so on. All those things add to the value of how you understand protecting high-net-worth individuals. Looking after $10,000 worth of goods is different from looking after someone that might make $100,000 an hour or make $200,000 for singing four minutes at a time,” says Johnson.



In those days, the money was not great. Johnson explains that he would earn anything from a £100 ($129) for a day’s work. Today, he averages £1,000 ($1,291) for a 10-hour shift. As Johnson established his brand, he could also outsource other close protection officers who represent his brand to jobs he cannot attend to. However, each client’s price is dependent on a number of variables.



“Some of the obvious variables that affect the pricing: is it at home or abroad? Do you have any known threats against you? If you have someone who has made an attempt that you know about, that changes things. The more obvious the risk, the higher the rate,” says Johnson.



Former client Patrick Nnaemeka Okorie, known by his stage name, Patoranking, a Nigerian singer-songwriter, speaks about the importance of personal security: “Every time I travel to another country with my team, we always hire a personal bodyguard. It has become a fixed cost in our travel itinerary because of the safety concerns we have. Before we started using personal bodyguards we had a couple [of] robbery attempts which made it imperative to be protected at all times.”



For Johnson, this is no longer a job or just about the money. Close protection has a much bigger purpose.



“I realize the importance and the value of what we do. We are not just protecting these individuals, we are protecting a heritage, we are protecting culture and music, we are protecting their creativity,” he says.



“If we look at incidents where celebrities have died or gone to jail, the world now loses out on their talent. So many people are impacted by one person’s talent – the fans, make-up artists and the team behind the scenes. Should something happen to these people, the culture loses something very important and so our role is more than safety. It is about protecting [something] much bigger.”

Olu Johnson (Image supplied)a

Better Safe Than Sorry: Behind-The-Scenes With A Nigerian Celebrity Bodyguard

Sustainable housing could play a significant role in the way the continent tackles its housing deficit. We unpack the ground-breaking innovations, Initiatives and ideations&nbsp;developing&nbsp;the&nbsp;‘green&nbsp;scene’. 



In a village in the Mtwara region of Tanzania, a project borne from the concepts of architectural innovation, sustainability and social responsibility is underway. And it’s just one of many aimed at tackling the demand for environmentally-conscious housing in Africa.



A report from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) states that the continent’s housing deficit is estimated at over 97 million units and “this is expected to increase as the continent’s population grows, and urbanization continues”.



The clinical trial in Mtwara, dubbed The Star Homes Project, was initiated in 2021 by Denmark-based Ingvartsen Architects in cooperation with the Hanako Foundation and, according to the company, was developed by a cross-disciplinary team of architects, physicians, entomologists and social scientists along with local community leaders and stakeholders.



However, Jakob Knudsen, Principal Architect at Ingvartsen, says that the focus of the project, initially, was simply to improve the health of the occupants of the houses.



“The [houses] are made [of ] very light materials. It looks like concrete, but actually it’s a very thin steel profile with a thin plaster, so it has a very low material use. And what looks like glass is basically a net, so we kind of replaced all the walls with netting, and we made this house naturally very cool. We can see that we have lowered the material consumption and CO2 use by 30% to 40% depending on how you calculate it. And that’s because we try to kind of maximize all the components,” he says.



“It actually didn’t start as a sustainability thing. It started as a way to make the buildings cheaper, but we realized, during the process, that actually we are onto something where we’re using far less materials. It also became interesting from a financial side and a material side, and this is what we’re looking at now. We know that these houses are actually working against malaria, we can see that.”



An article from the World Health Organization on Malaria Day 2023 indicates that Tanzania is one of the four countries in Africa that accounted for slightly over half (52%) of all malaria deaths globally in 2021. Further to this, the country alone accounted for 4% of all malaria deaths, and the disease continues to pose a major burden in the northwest and southeastern regions of the country.



As part of the Star Homes Project, the health of the occupants of the 110 constructed homes will be compared to those living in 440 control homes over a three-year period, which is set to conclude this year.



“We conclude by the end of this year, then we have the three- year period. Nothing is published yet, but I can say that we have very promising results already on the malaria [aspect]. There’s a clear benefit from having a new house when you’re looking at malaria. I mean, this is a rural area in Tanzania, so lots of people [have] malaria, and they’re much better protected. But this is one of the first housing projects, to our knowledge, the first time a house has been built and used in this way to demonstrate it.”



Each house also has a 40W solar panel that provides lights in each room and USB charging, and rainwater is collected from the roof and stored in a 2,000-liter tank for clean drinking water. According to Knudsen, based on the materials used, it cost around $9,000 to build at the time.



<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-does-a-green-future-look-like">What does a ‘green’ future look like?</h4>



The ongoing demand for affordable housing coupled with growing climate change concerns has brought sustainable or green architecture to the fore.



Britannica defines green architecture as a philosophy of architecture that advocates sustainable energy sources, the conservation of energy, the reuse and safety of building materials, and the siting of a building with consideration of its impact on the environment.



A 2023 report by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) titled, Building Materials And The Climate: Constructing A New Future, indicates that the buildings and construction sector is the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, accounting for 37% of global emissions.



However, herein lies the opportunity. Entrepreneurs and businesses alike have taken up the mantle to innovate, ‘go green’ and make a positive impact on the environment at large.



According to the World Green Building Council’s (WorldGBC) Africa Manifesto for Sustainable Cities and the Built Environment, by 2050, Africa will be home to 1.1 billion more people than it is today, and 80% of the buildings that will exist in Africa in 2050 are yet to be built.



Lisa Reynolds, Chief Executive Officer of the Green Building Council South Africa (GBCSA) and Vice Chair for the WorldGBC’s Africa Regional Network, emphasizes the progress of the collaborative efforts across the continent. 



“We’ve got different sort of levels of Green Building Councils. In Africa, there are two established Green Building Councils – South Africa and Kenya, and the others are mixed between emerging and prospective. Our job, and I include Kenya in it, is really to support the prospective and emerging councils,” she tells FORBES AFRICA.



“Africa has [been] hit by climate events, so there is a huge awareness that, whether it be the Green Building Council or governments, [we] have to do something to alleviate these things,” Reynolds adds.



Knudsen echoes the sentiment on collaboration, stating, “I think one of the sustainability problems I see in Africa is that materials are used in a very inefficient way in many local buildings. You could easily save 30% of the materials if there was better knowledge for the builder who’s doing this, but that’s not something you can expect. We need somebody else who knows how to work with building techniques.”



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Trash to treasure</h4>



In 2019, the first plastic road was laid down in South Africa’s Jeffery’s Bay, and reports, published recently, indicate that it has lasted longer than traditional tar roads. And the uses for this often-troublesome product seem to only increase from here.



As per the United Nations’ goal 11 of making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, entrepreneurs across Africa are tackling sustainable building prac- tices in their own way.



One such example is Kubik CEO and co-founder, Kidus Asfaw. Kubik, an environmental tech company, takes plastic waste and transforms it into low-carbon, low-cost housing in Ethiopia, where the startup is based.



Asfaw, who has worked for the World Bank, Accenture, and Google, as well as on technology and innovation initiatives for UNICEF, relays the story of how he got into the trash business. “I helped set up the first-ever circular economy project for UNICEF in Cote d’Ivoire, and we were able to create bricks out of plastic waste. We made over 500 schools using those and my love changed from software to trash, affordability, housing and cities. I did that for about four years,” he says.



“During that time, I learned the issues not just around trash, but a multitude of major challenges that human beings that live in cities are facing, especially on rapidly urbanizing continents like Africa. Alongside poor waste management [which] needs to be addressed, affordable housing is probably one of the biggest priorities in many countries right now. And then, of course, there’s climate change.”



Kubik, which was founded in 2021, produces products that are high in compression strength, non-flammable, non-toxic and modular.



“We’re a business that transforms hard-to-recycle plastic waste into building materials that real estate developers can use at a cheaper price than conventional cement-based materials without compromising the quality or safety of those buildings,” says Asfaw.


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="683" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Kubik-Wall-1024x683.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-63677" style="width:568px;height:auto" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Kubik-Wall-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Kubik-Wall-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Kubik-Wall-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Kubik-Wall-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Kubik-Wall-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Kubik Wall expression</figcaption></figure></div>


“Part of them doing business with Kubik [is] they’re also reducing the greenhouse gas impact that they bring to building cities like Addis Ababa. In a nutshell, we take all of that very bad plastic that you typically see in a landfill, and we make things like bricks that can make an entire wall, and that wall is as unremarkable as it looks, because it’s supposed to look just like every other building. What makes it remarkable to us is how accessible it is to lower-income communities, price-wise, and how green and sustainable it is within the real estate sector.”



In South Africa, sisters Kedibone and Kekeletso Tsiloane are tackling the plastic pollution and waste management issue through Ramtsilo Manufacturing and Construction, a company they founded in 2013. The business focuses on transforming hard-to-recycle plastics and other waste products into eco-bricks.



Kekeletso, who has a background in engineering, tells FORBES AFRICA about how this passion project turned into a fully-fledged business in a traditionally male-dominated industry.



“We initially started with small construction jobs, so building roads and building small projects, and that’s when we actually noticed that we spent so much money on materials, specifically bricks for us. We went out to look for a woman-owned brick manufacturing company, which we struggled to find. We then started making the bricks ourselves,” she says.



“I am interested in the green economy and what happens to waste and that grew an interest of learning about the afterlife of waste. In our research, we did not know that plastic had different properties and had different values. In terms of money, per kilogram, in the recycling space, it has different prices as well. And with that, we then sought out to make a product that we’re still comfortable with, but is innovative and in the green space.” South Africa, according to World Wide Fund (WWF), produces over 2.5 million tonnes of plastic annually. And while the bricks produced by Ramtsilo reportedly function in exactly the same way as conventional bricks, Kedibone, who has a finance background, states that the company still had to do a fair amount of educating on the product.



“We’re still having to re-educate people. It’s a plug and play solution but it integrates seamlessly into the construction industry. That was one of our biggest value-adds… the fact that people could easily use the product because they had the same look and feel as the conventional brick,” she explains.



“We then realized there’s additional benefits that come with the products – from an installation perspective, from a condensation water absorption [perspective] – because of the use of the plastic. The brick is actually branded so that people know that they’re [buying] an eco-friendly product. We’ve seen from the retailers, that product doesn’t stay in the retail stores and it’s simply because of the quality [and] the performance of the product.”


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignleft size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="1024" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Kekeletso-Kedibone-Tsiloane-768x1024.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-63676" style="width:516px;height:auto" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Kekeletso-Kedibone-Tsiloane-768x1024.jpeg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Kekeletso-Kedibone-Tsiloane-225x300.jpeg 225w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Kekeletso-Kedibone-Tsiloane-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Kekeletso-Kedibone-Tsiloane-1536x2048.jpeg 1536w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Kekeletso-Kedibone-Tsiloane-scaled.jpeg 1920w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Kekeletso &amp; Kedibone Tsiloane (Photo Supplied)</figcaption></figure></div>


According to Kedibone, the bricks can be found at South African retailers like Builders Warehouse and Leroy Merlin in Gauteng. And while Ramtsilo’s business model tends to focus more on partnerships with corporates and retailers – a model that appears to be working well for them – Kubik’s has opted to focus on and develop the company’s relationships with waste pickers.



“We grappled with what our supply chain model should look like for many months. There are thousands of waste pickers in Ethiopia. Most of those pickers happen to be women, over 80% of them, and most of them end up selling their produce for the day to brokers at very low prices that are not economically sustainable for them to pass the poverty line,” he says.



“We wanted our business model to have a supply chain that not only worked at scale and made business/financial sense for us, but ethically is also empowering those that have previously been exploited in this space. We typically would work with city administrations that typically manage landfills. We get into a partnership with them, set up a collection site and we directly source from these waste pickers at prices that are at least three, four times more than what they would normally get from a broker.”



<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-endless-possibilities">Endless possibilities</h4>



A quick search online reveals some of the most commonly-used sustainable materials in construction. Aside from bamboo and recycled plastic, others include recycled or reclaimed wood, cork, Hempcrete and biocomposite cement.



Traditional building practices have also been employed in some parts of the continent. UNEP had published an article about a project at a school in Burkina Faso, where the modules that form the structure for the school are built out of locally- sourced laterite. This is then cut into bricks and left in the sun to harden. The bricks reportedly absorb the heat during the day and radiate it at night.



Another example of innovation at work is the The Wits Flower Hall Examination and Test Centre in South Africa. Ac- cording to a recent release by the institution, the now energy- efficient building has been recognized for its sustainable design and shortlisted in the Creative Reuse category at the World Ar- chitecture Festival, set to take place in November.



“We believe that adaptive reuse is a critical foundation of green sustainable building due to the embodied carbon content of existing buildings. Wits has a great track record of repurposing buildings, for example the Science Stadium,” said Dr Heather Dodd from Savage + Dodd Architects, who worked on this project in 2022, in the release.



The growth of the sustainable or green building space presents significant employment opportunities as well, according to Reynolds.



“The more that certification grows, the more people need to be aware the job opportunities are growing with it. I do a CEO message on all our newsletters; the latest one is talking about job expansion. So, you know, there’s job creation, but there’s also potential for job expansion because we need accredited professionals; we need EDGE experts,” she states. “We did our first certification in 2009. If you think of pre-2009, there were no such things as accredited professionals. Now, small companies are formed just doing certification. It’s a true reflection of job creation and I would try to encourage more and more people to do it. If they’re in the space [and] it’s not job creation, expand your portfolio and go into this space.”

Com_Ingvartsen_Mtwara_StarHomes_C-JulienLanoo_20220907L1034048 copy

Building Africa’s Green Future: How One Project Is Even Aiming To Curb Malaria With Sustainable Architecture

There’s nothing like a cross-continental journey or overland adventure &#8211; with social media following along &#8211; to experience the diversity, culture, music, fashion, food and art in Africa. All you need is a trusty vehicle, self-belief and a few good friends that you will definitely make along the way.



An airplane is definitely the quickest way to venture between countries, but more and more travelers are now opting for the scenic route — and taking their time to take it all in.



“With road trips there is the joy of just being able to stop,” explains Pelumi Nubi, whose epic journey across Africa saw her accumulate more than 10,000 kilometers by car. “With other means of transport, like flights, trains, boats, you go from point A to point B and there is very little control. But with road trips, if something catches your attention, you have the power to diverge.”


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="900" height="1024" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image13-1-900x1024.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-63624" style="width:768px;height:auto" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image13-1-900x1024.jpeg 900w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image13-1-264x300.jpeg 264w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image13-1-768x874.jpeg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image13-1.jpeg 1204w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The three doctors, James Weller, Karen Chang and James Spence, by their Toyota Hilux, which almost gave up but didn’t (Image Supplied)</figcaption></figure></div>


The Nigerian-born content creator moved to the United Kingdom when she was 10 years old and has visited over 80 countries worldwide. Yet, it was her 74-day journey from the English capital to her birthplace, in a purple Peugeot 107 that she nick- named Lumi, that made her “the first Black woman to travel solo overland from London to Lagos”.



“I came up with the idea of driving from London to Lagos, connecting my two homes, to showcase Africa as a continent, because a lot of times, it doesn’t get the credit or the storytelling and exposure that I think it deserves.”



“Africa receives less than 5% of global tourism,” reveals the CEO of the African Tourism Association (ATA), Naledi Khabo. “If you’re flooded with news and there’s just negative news stories, that’s what people remember. Unfortunately, I also think people can’t conceptualize the breadth and length that is Africa. And so, anything that happens in one place must be happening across the entire continent.”



“We stayed in some really nice hotels and I guess we didn’t know there was quite so much luxury,” recalls James Weller, who drove from London to Cape Town with fellow doctors, Karen Chang and James Spence.



The three Brits — and their 2010 Toyota Hilux D-4D double cab named Edna — amassed an enormous social media following during their cross-continental journey.



“We never expected it at all,” Weller says of the trio’s Instagram account, @london.2.capetown, garnering almost half a million followers. “We made the account just for this trip, kind of to document it and so that our friends and family could follow along.”



Proving that the people you meet along the way are just as important as the journey itself, the three had a chance encounter with a travel blogger in Morocco doing a similar trip who then posted them on his Insta story. “Before we knew it, we were at 10,000 [followers] and then 20,000 and 50,000. And then it wasn’t long before we were at 100,000, 200,000… Part of it was the mystery of people going, ‘oh, are they going to make it?’ I think that obviously drew a lot of people in as well.”



The short answer to that question is… almost not. With a limited budget, Chang, Spence, and Weller, purchased Edna with the knowledge that she had some rust on the chassis. What they didn’t know, is just how bad it was. The constant cracking— and an out-of-commission airconditioner during 50-degree Celsius weather — meant that the trio spent a significant amount of time in garages and backyard repair shops along the trip.



In the end, though, all four made it to the Mother City, Cape Town.



“People were rooting for her to get to the end. We definitely didn’t want to give up on her.”



Nubi agrees: “[Following a collision with a truck in the Ivory Coast] There was the option of renting a new car and finishing the journey from Abidjan to Lagos. But I just had this strong instinct that, you know, I started with Lumi], I’m going to end with her.”



“I think that the more you travel, the more capacity you have to be able to tolerate unforeseen cumstances when they do arise,” says Cape Town-based clinical psychologist, Yanir Grindler. “When traveling, oftentimes, you have to make use of limited resources. That leads to an incredible amount of resilience and trust in your own abilities and inabilities.”



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



Belief in herself is one thing Udoh Ebaide Joy did not forget to pack when she set out on her three- month adventure to become “the first African woman to ride from Kenya to Nigeria on a motorcycle”.



A traumatic car accident at the age of 23 left the Nigerian native with a damaged spinal cord and the inability to walk for eight months. Now 32, Ebaide Joy is determined to live life to the fullest, in the face of fear and constant pain.



“I live with screws and rods holding my spinal cord. People will never truly understand how thrilling it is using a motorcycle, knowing that I am not so whole. I am partly disabled and I’m still using it. It makes me so much more careful, knowing that if anything bad were to happen, it could be really, really bad for me because I already have something. And that makes it even more exciting.” Regardless of having had very little riding experience before embarking on her trip, Ebaide Joy couldn’t imagine traveling any other way. “Motorcyclists never go to the therapist,” she claims. “The motorcycle is enough — it fixes your brain, whatever you are going through, whatever sadness, whatever is stopping you, you get on the motorcycle, you will forget it for that period of time. Even when your thoughts circle back to it, the next move you have to make on the motorcycle will bring your thoughts back to the present.”


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="819" height="1024" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image0-819x1024.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-63614" style="width:667px;height:auto" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image0-819x1024.jpeg 819w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image0-240x300.jpeg 240w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image0-768x960.jpeg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image0-1229x1536.jpeg 1229w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image0-1638x2048.jpeg 1638w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image0-scaled.jpeg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Udoh Ebaide Joy had little riding experience before embarking on the trip (Image Supplied)</figcaption></figure></div>


Another advantage is the global community to which bikers belong.



“The bike enables you to meet different people, different cultures, and make more friends,” notes Sthembiso Mthembu, whose BMW R 1250 GS saw him through 11 countries as he traversed 13,650 kilometers between South Africa’s coastal city of Durban and Kenya.



“It is like a brotherhood or sisterhood, the biking community. Even if it’s the first time you meet, there’s a connection. You can be riding or standing by the road, if a biker passes you, he’ll definitely stop, ask where you’re from, if you need any help. Bikers are like a family.”



Despite it being a solo trip, the thriving motorcycle community throughout Africa ensured that Mthembu never felt truly alone. Following updates on his Facebook page, riders in various countries reached out to offer the South African, accommodation, meals, and company.



“Human connection is a basic need. We are born wanting to connect. The first thing we do as we leave our mother’s womb is try to reconnect and create a bond,” Grindler states. “To tolerate days or months without any social connection can take a real toll.”



For Nubi, solo trips are “empowering”, but she does admit to experiencing bouts of loneliness en route. “I think it was in Mauritania. There was an incredible sunset and I was taking a picture to send to a friend and getting so frustrated because the picture wasn’t capturing the way it looked, you know? So, there are many moments where you just go, ‘ah, I wish I could share this’. Because the thing about a solo trip, it’s great, it’s absolutely incredible, but it’s a memory that only you have. You cannot go and call someone and say, ‘hey, remember the time when we…,’ like, there is none of that. It’s just your memories and you almost have to be extra present in it because if you lose it or if you don’t catch the moment, then it’s gone.”


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_6222-1024x768.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-63621" style="width:612px;height:auto" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_6222-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_6222-300x225.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_6222-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_6222-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_6222-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Pelumi Nubi’s 74-day solo road trip was from the English capital to her birthplace in Nigeria (Image Supplied)</figcaption></figure></div>


Although solo endeavors may be lonesome, traveling with others — even those nearest and dearest— can present its own set of issues, as Weller and his mates discovered.



“Spending three to four months together, in a car, in a tent, was pretty challenging to say the least… even at the best of times, we argue. I think agreeing to disagree is quite important, because you’re always going to disagree about stuff, but you have to evaluate how important it is and whether it really matters who is right or wrong. That said, it is difficult when you have to make so many decisions.”



Grindler believes that traveling in a group can offer the opportunity for personal growth: “It’s about tolerating and being able to negotiate, while also being respectful of each other’s strengths and limits. It’s also about being aware that not everything you decide is the right decision.”



Being alone on such grand adventures also forces one to take extra precautions when it comes to safety. Both Nubi and Ebaide Joy avoided posting social media updates in real time and driving at night; while the doctors regularly consulted the British government’s travel advisory. Mthembu, however, recalls feeling safe enough to hand over his cellphone to random locals in Rwanda to take a picture — something he wouldn’t fathom doing in South Africa.



“I think that in any country, in any city, you need to be aware of your surroundings and act accordingly,” says Khabo. “I also think that when things happen across Africa, they are magnified and similar things can happen in other places, like New York, for example — yet no one stops coming to the United States. You can’t attribute one city’s hotspot to the entire continent and then ask, ‘is the entire continent safe’?”



“There is serious kindness in Africa. If we care to look for it, there is kindness,” Ebaide Joy acknowledges.



“Whilst we were in the Ivory Coast, the car got stuck in the mud in the middle of a forest and we didn’t know how we’d get it out,” Weller recalls. “We tried all night. In the morning, some people came past and we asked them if they could help. They didn’t speak English, we didn’t speak French. But so many of them came to help that we managed to push it out!”



Language barriers are just one of the hurdles that come with crossing various countries. Waiting on travel documents and dealing with border officials can result in numerous delays, additional expenses, and occasionally put a stop to entry altogether.



“We need a borderless Africa,” argues Ebaide Joy. “I am planning a Eurotour next year. I only need one visa to go to all European countries, but I needed a visa for almost every country I traveled as a Black woman in Africa. If there can be a borderless Africa, it will change the narrative significantly. Tourism will thrive better in Africa. It is just wrong that I can travel another continent much, much easier than my own.” According to Khabo, discussions about ease of entry are taking place behind the scenes. “I think governments are hearing and understand why it’s important. You’re seeing more and more governments on an individual level make it easier for travelers to enter their country, either with visas-on-arrival or no-visa policies. And regionally, countries are coming up with solutions so that upon entry into one country, that single visa can be used in neighboring countries. You’re seeing it in East Africa.



“There are always security issues and political issues, but I think that there’s an understanding that ease of entry is a major factor in travel and tourism. And so, you’re seeing a shift. It may be slow, but it’s definitely happening.”


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="1024" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image17-768x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-63618" style="width:680px;height:auto" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image17-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image17-225x300.jpg 225w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image17.jpg 960w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Sthembiso Mthembu’s journey on a BMW R 1250 GS through 11 countries (Image Supplied)</figcaption></figure></div>


Should such a shift occur, it may result in even more travelers embarking on overland adventures, which will only benefit communities, as Khabo notes: “It offers a unique experience. You’re literally crossing from town to town and seeing the terrain change and supporting the local economies in a way that you wouldn’t ordinarily. It showcases our incredible diversity, our culture, music, fashion, art, food. And the more that you see other people do it, the more people understand that it’s possible.”



“I would get messages from teachers saying, ‘we’ve ditched the school curriculum because my students and I literally just watch your journey in class’. Emails from 70-year-old women who tell me, ‘I literally feel like restarting my life because for so long I had this big adventure within me, but society told me I couldn’t do it. And now seeing you do it just gives me so much hope,’” Nubi reveals.



“As long as you are sure you can do, don’t mind what people say,” Ebaide Joy insists. “Whatever fears they put into you, however much they say you can’t do it, the first person to believe in it is you. If you think you can do it and you believe in a yourself, you should absolutely go for it.”



More times than not, it is ourselves who become obstacles in our own path, as Nubi acknowledges.



“We always wait for the perfect situation, but most of the time we already have the thing that we need to get to that destination. We just, you know, need to be a little bit braver.” People often say that it is not about the destination, but about the journey. Regardless of whether you choose to go fast, far, solo, or together, perhaps the answer is to just… go!

African by roada

Overland Adventures Across Africa: When The Journey Equals The Destination

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline"><a href="https://www.forbes.com/"></a>Topline</h2>



College students who get short phone breaks during class periods score higher on tests and use their phones less during lectures, according to a new study, the newest research in a heated debate about cellphone use and its effects on students’ success.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">Key Facts</h2>



The researchers used data from 22 class periods with an average of 21 students at an undergraduate midwestern university over the course of a semester, according to the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2024.1393070/abstract" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">study</a>&nbsp;published Wednesday in Frontiers in Education.



Some students were given either one-, two- or four-minute technology breaks during class when they could use their devices, while control groups were given equally long question breaks during which phone use wasn’t permitted, but students were encouraged to ask questions.



Students who were given phone breaks were more attentive during class and scored higher grades on quizzes than the control group did.



The one-minute cellphone break proved to be the most effective: Participants who were given this break period had the highest test scores and used their phones less while professors were lecturing.



The researchers aren’t sure why “the shorter, the better,” but one reason may be because one minute is enough to time to read and send a quick message, so “if they have more time to send many messages, they may be more likely to receive messages and respond again during class,” Ryan Redner, the study’s first author and a professor at Southern Illinois University, said in a statement.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-contra">Contra</h2>



Whether phones are detrimental to students’ success is a controversial topic, and some previous research has shown cellphone use during class does more harm than good. Both short-term and long-term phone use in college classes resulted in lower test scores and GPAs, a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.hendrix.edu/uploadedFiles/Academics/Faculty_Resources/2016_FFC/Cell%20phone%20use%20during%20class%20and%20grades.pdf" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">study</a>&nbsp;by the American Psychological Association found. Electronic device use during college courses hindered students’ long-term retention, which in turn reduced their final exam grades, according to a Taylor &amp; Francis&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01443410.2018.1489046" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">study</a>. College freshmen who reported low, medium and high cellphone usage during class all had negative impacts on their grades, according to a Springer&nbsp;<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12564-023-09824-6" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">research paper</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-tangent">Tangent</h2>



Although there aren’t any statewide efforts to ban phone use in college classes, there have been&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tylerroush/2024/08/13/cellphone-bans-in-schools-grow-gavin-newsom-requests-restrictions-in-california/">bans implemented</a>&nbsp;in primary and secondary schools. Florida became the first state last year to ban cellphone use during class, which includes a ban on social media access while using school Wi-Fi. Indiana lawmakers also approved a ban earlier this year that restricts electronic device usage—including phones, tablets, laptops and gaming systems—during class. Other states that have implemented restrictions include Minnesota, Ohio and Virginia. State leaders like Gov. Gavin Newsom, D-Calif., and Gov. Spencer Cox, R-Utah, have urged school districts to implement phone bans. Calls for phone restrictions in schools have increased in recent years as studies highlight the negative effects phones and social media have on youth. Around 72% of high school teachers and 33% of middle school teachers in the U.S. said cellphone distractions were a “major problem” during class, a recent Pew Research&nbsp;<a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2024/04/04/whats-it-like-to-be-a-teacher-in-america-today/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">survey</a>&nbsp;found. However, some parents oppose these bans because they believe their children should have access to their phones in case of an emergency, according to&nbsp;<a href="https://nationalparentsunion.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/National-Parents-Union-February-2024-Survey-Topline.pdf" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">research</a>&nbsp;by the National Parents Union.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-further-reading">Further Reading</h2>



<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tylerroush/2024/08/13/cellphone-bans-in-schools-grow-gavin-newsom-requests-restrictions-in-california/">Cellphone Bans In Schools Grow: Gavin Newsom Requests Restrictions In California</a>&nbsp;(Forbes)

Young multiracial students using cell phone sitting at campus school

Short Phone Breaks During Class Could Help Students Score Higher Grades, Study Suggests

Ghana and the Ivory Coast contribute a big chunk of the world’s chocolate. Yet, farmers here only earn around $1 a day. We profile entrepreneurs and chocolatiers determined to make sure the practice of cultivating cocoa prevails and it’s a sweet deal for the producers too.



British author Roald Dahl tapped into every chocoholic’s imagination when creating Willy Wonka’s bizarre chocolate factory in his 1964 children’s novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Although the signature chocolate river may have been pure fantasy, Africa’s cocoa industry is being molded by real-life chocolate-makers who are making it their mission to demonstrate why the continent deserves a golden ticket.



“I’ve never seen anyone miserable while tasting chocolate. Even if you are miserable, you take a bite of chocolate and it boosts your mood. It makes people joyful. That’s part of its mystery and beauty,” believes Kimberly Addison, who, along with her sister Priscilla, started Ghana’s ’57 Chocolate in 2016. 



The name of the Accra-based bean-to-bar company is inspired by the year in which the country gained independence and the spirit of developing a nation by manufacturing high-quality products.



Having spent her formative years in Switzerland’s second-most populous city, Geneva, Addison was accustomed to giving Swiss chocolate as gifts when visiting friends and family in the United States (U.S.), Senegal, and Ghana.



“I was living in the chocolate nation of the world — or so I thought.”



Fulfilling her life-long dream of moving back to Ghana prompted her friends to take her on a farewell outing to a chocolate factory two weeks before her departure. It was during that tour that the seed of Addison’s life’s purpose began to cultivate.



“They had a display of where they sourced their cocoa beans from, and lo and behold, Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana were the two largest displays. I asked myself, ‘why on earth have I been taking Swiss chocolate everywhere I travel when the main ingredient comes from the continent of Africa? I should be bringing Ghanaian chocolate to Switzerland’.”



The only problem – Ghanaian chocolate didn’t really exist.



Although Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire are responsible for growing around 70% of the world’s cocoa beans, the raw material is most often exported to chocolate-producing countries in Europe and the U.S.



The lack of a locally-produced chocolate bar on the supermarket shelves of Côte d’Ivoire is what influenced Axel Emmanuel Gbaou to create his own. Not exactly the typical path for a banker with a master’s degree in taxation.



“There was no chocolate-maker in my country, even though we produce more than 2 million [metric] tonnes of cocoa per year. So, I decided to leave my job at the bank and rise to the challenge.”



Sourcing beans from Côte d’Ivoire’s seven cocoa farming regions, Gbaou has created mineral-rich, earthy blends that have won international awards, dispelling the myth that African-produced chocolate is not as good as that from global corporations like Nestlé and Mars.



“If you get good quality raw materials, half your job is already done,” says Kyle Hickman, head chocolatier at AFRIKOA in Cape Town, South Africa. The hand-crafted brand uses heirloom beans from Tanzania that are purchased from farmers through direct trade.



“Chocolate has to be refined to a point that it’s really smooth, down to 20 microns or less, so that our tongue cannot pick up any texture. It then goes through a process called conching where we get rid of a lot of the volatile notes, because chocolate can be very acidic if it’s not processed properly.”



The chocolate is then tempered to allow the fat crystals to set, and other elements like cocoa butter; sugar; milk powder; and flavorings are added in. South African rooibos tea and Rwandan coffee can be found amidst AFRIKOA’s wares, while ’57’s collection features flavors like hibiscus and moringa.



“It’s so easy to just break a bar, pop a piece in your mouth and enjoy it because chocolate is a food that brings people together and makes you smile, but I never in a thousand years knew how hard it is to make,” admits Addison who learned the process by spending a month with a chocolate-making couple in England before returning to Accra to teach others.



“Isn’t it ironic that I had to go outside of the continent to get training in chocolate-making, only to bring it back? Ghana is the second-largest producer of cocoa, yet we don’t really have any formal schools or technical training centers on how to work with this major resource of ours.&#8221;



A third of the globe’s cocoa farmers reside in parts of West Africa, though cocoa is not something that ever found a place in the local diet. The majority of cocoa growers have never even seen a piece of chocolate, let alone taken a bite.



“Cocoa was introduced during the colonial period and was cultivated from the beginning to be exported,” explains Michael E. Odijie, a research associate at University College London. “It was not introduced as a food crop that later became a cash crop; it was introduced as a cash crop right away. People cultivating cocoa in the late 19th century had no idea what the use for this crop was, but they understood that after harvest, there was always somebody willing to buy it.”



Despite being integral to the chocolate production process, farmers rarely receive their due. A shortfall in the most recent harvest, thanks to various factors such as climate change, diseased trees, and lack of investment, have resulted in cocoa prices soaring from $2.60 per kilogram at the beginning of 2023 to around $9.80 in July 2024. Yet, farmers are still only earning around $1 a day.



“There is a power imbalance between cocoa farmers at one end of the value chain and multinationals at the other end,” Odijie notes. “Farmers don’t have control over price which is basically set by demand and supply. A cocoa farmer in a village in Ghana does not have the capital, the information, the research to properly negotiate with the other end of the value chain.”


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The lack of feasible income, in some cases, results in an inability to pay workers, thus leading farmers to resort to child labor.



“Child labor is defined by the International Labour Organization as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to their physical and mental development. This can include carrying heavy loads, using sharp tools like machetes to harvest the cocoa, or when the work interferes with the child’s schooling,” explains the Communications Director of the International Cocoa Initiative, Katie Bird.



The role of the NPO is to work with farmers, civil society organizations, and policymakers to tackle the issue of child labor and trafficking in West Africa where around 1.5 million children are reportedly affected. Raising awareness, improving access to quality education, building classrooms, providing books and uniforms, cash injections, and focusing on gender equality are some of the means the initiative has employed to combat the issue.



Bird notes: “Advancing women’s economic empowerment, helping them to participate in household decision-making can be very useful. There is usually more investment into the children’s schooling when the women have more of a say in the household decision-making.”



While the men work the field, Gbaou has taken it upon himself to share skills with the wives, mothers, and daughters of the communities, so they, too, may have a hand in shaping their future. “I have trained more than 2,000 women throughout Africa,” he reveals. “In the past, they did not know what to do with the beans, but now some make chocolate spread that they can sell to the children in the village. I train them how to make things with cocoa butter like soap and lipstick. It brings them some economic freedom.”



Addison agrees: “We’ve learned that the best investment one can make is in another human being, so our goal is that whoever comes through our door at ’57 must leave here better than they came.”



It is also about ensuring that the practice of cultivating cocoa prevails.



“They often say that the next generation of cocoa farmers don’t exist. And honestly, sometimes I even want to say that the next generation of farmers in general don’t exist. So now the challenge is how do we make farming interesting for young people?”



Much like its cocoa beans, the Ghanaian chocolatier hopes that Africans will remain on the continent.



“Africa shouldn’t be a place that we leave; it should be a place where people want to come to. Yes, it has its issues, its challenges, but where there are problems there are opportunities to begin to make changes. There’s no need to seek greener pastures elsewhere, we can create our own here.”



Choc-ful of potential, Africa is no longer simply clocking in to the chocolate factory — it’s building its own and inviting the world inside for a taste.

image3

Africa’s Chocolate Industry: Bean There Done That?

The time to plan for the sudden influx of aged and dated solar materials is now– Africa can’t afford to become a toxic dumping ground for the e-waste detritus left behind by solar.



Over the past few years, Africa’s corporates and consumers went solar at an unprecedented speed. Statista found that as of the end of 2022, South Africa was in the lead with more than 6 gigawatts followed by Egypt (1.7 gigawatts), Morocco with 858 megawatts, Algeria with 460 megawatts and Senegal at 263 megawatts. The total gigawatts across the continent have increased significantly over the past 10 years from only 331 megawatts in 2011 to 12.6 gigawatts in 2022 – a 16-fold capacity increase. Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Tanzania are currently expected to see the most rapid transitions to clean energy by 2030, while Namibia’s growth is the fourth-fastest in the world as per research group Zero Carbon Analytics’ 2023 report Africa’s Energy Transition: Solar and Wind Fuel Energy Security.



The region is gaining traction. Research from the above report found that deployment of solar energy is the fastest-growing resource on the continent and accounted for 57% of renewable investments between 2010 and 2021. Investments in the off-grid sector were the highest in Africa over a similar 10-year period (2010-2020) at 70% and a value of $1.7 billion. When this level of investment is wedded to the life-span of the technologies used to power solar panels and farms, there’s another question companies and governments should be asking about solar – where’s the bin? If millions of solar panels and batteries are being imported into Africa, with a lifespan of around 20 years, what is being done to ensure that countries investing heavily in solar today are putting the right recycling plans in place?



“Typically, when we speak about solar waste, it includes solar panels, PV panels, inverters, solar PV batteries, rooftop solar frames, ground-based frames, junction boxes and embedded cables,” Mervin Olivier, Eastern Cape Chair at the Institute of Waste Man- agement of Southern Africa, tells FORBES AFRICA. “There’s a lot of solar waste and typically people just talk about the PV panel. As they reach end of life, thousands of panels will need replacing and recycling will become absolutely critical.”



The International Renewable Energy Agency has predicted that by 2050, 78 million metric tons of solar panels will reach the end of their lives. The issue is the toxicity of the materials within solar installations. Solar panels have lead, cadmium, silver, and arsenic that, at certain levels, are quantified as hazardous waste, the batteries used to power solar installations are lithium-ion phos- phate batteries which are flammable, and difficult to contain. The problem is that most solar panels and their detritus are dumped in landfills because there’s no profit in their ethical dismantling and destruction – the few precious metals locked within the e-waste are difficult to extract and their value too low for the effort.



“Solar PV panels contain aluminium and glass which can be re- cycled, but the harmful chemicals in the batteries and the panels are difficult to recycle, which is why a lot of companies in Europe are sending them to countries in Africa, like Ghana, where they strip elements like copper out of the equipment and sell it,” Minnette Le Roux, Head of the Environment Department, Principal Environ- mental Specialist at law and consultancy advisory firm NSDV tells FORBES AFRICA. 



“Then counties in Africa are left sitting with these massive amounts of hazardous waste. Some countries in Africa are part of the Basel Convention preventing the transport of waste but some are not part of the convention and accept the hazardous waste. There are no plants in Africa that actually recycle what’s left of the batteries – this is one of the biggest concerns – and no landfill sites designed to handle this type of waste.”



It’s a sentiment echoed by Ashley du Plooy, CEO at ERA NPC (E-waste Recycling Authority), who adds that countries like Nigeria and Ghana have become major dumping grounds for electronic waste with strips of urban land covered in e-waste that’s being smashed and burned for the extraction of metals. “Quantifying the problem is very difficult,” he says. “Especially since solar waste is new and growing at a pace four times higher than solid municipal waste.”



Solar waste across all its iterations is a growing risk to human and environmental health across Africa. As solar installations reach end of life, particularly over the next few years, there’s a need for innovative startups to step up and help reframe the con- versation for the continent.



One such startup is EWaste Africa and Managing Director Pravashen Naidoo tells FORBES AFRICA: “In the past 12 months, we recycled close to 16,000 solar panels. I think we’re the first in Africa doing this – we haven’t been able to find anyone else doing it and getting the financial value from the process.” EWaste Africa is ISO 14001 compliant with a focus on environmental compli- ance, and one of its facilities is currently commissioning a patented technology for the extraction of rare earth metals and can be used to transform significant quantities of electronic waste.



“Government landfill sites are not designed with the right levels and layers to handle these hazardous materials, and with nearly 17 million installed panels as of the end of 2023, we need to make a plan that works,” says Naidoo. As Olivier concludes: “It’s essential that African countries develop a solar panel end-of-life plan similar to one recently published by Australia. 



More of a focus on enforcement to ensure compliance, and increased consumer pressure holding manufac- turers responsible – and this includes importers and distributors. They need to provide safe transportation of old materials and drive the implementation of a lifecycle methodology with cradle- to-the-grave opportunities.” There is, he says, time to prepare, innovate and implement a responsible plan before the waste tsunami hits. But will people listen?

A view of discarded solar panel components below a power

After Solar, Comes Lead: Why Africa Can’t Afford To Become A Toxic Dumping Ground For E-Waste

Relative energy deficiency in sport or red-s is when an athlete’s calorie intake does not match what they burn during exercise, which over a period of time can lead to serious health issues. It’s a dangerous game, and the implications can be extremely serious and long-term.



Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) is a term gaining traction in a number of codes around the world but with studies limited in Africa, how widespread the problem may be on the continent is unknown.



There are moves afoot to change that, but for now, while the RED-S issue is alive in Europe and the United States, we know little about the state of play in Africa.



RED-S is when an athlete’s calorie intake does not match what they burn during exercise, which over a period of time can lead to serious health issues, including eating disorders. It is a dangerous game, and the implica- tions can be extremely serious and long-term.



The International Federation of Sport Climbing (IFSC) is so concerned about the issue – with both male and female climbers – that they have stepped up their monitor- ing of athletes’ health.



It seems obvious that being lighter has a benefit in climbing, leading to instances where athletes purposefully drop their body weights to dangerous levels.



Kai Lightner restricted his eating as a teenager and was a youth climbing world champion but by age 14 his liver was close to failure and he had fractured his spine in two places due to insufficient muscular protection.



Climbers will provide details of their height, weight, heart rate and blood pressure, with national federations to either issue a health certificate based on those parameters, or require they go for more testing.



The IFSC will conduct random testing throughout the climbing season. An external commission will review data from suspected cases and compare it with the national federation health certificates.



This is one federation tackling the issue, but there are others who have yet to and in Africa there is little informa- tion on how prevalent, or not, the issue may be. And it does not only affect just professional athletes, but potentially, those at amateur and school level too.



“There is quite a bit of research internationally, but then, once you get to Africa, or any other developing part of the world, there is little information,” Dr Candice MacMillan, who has a PhD in Sports Physiotherapy and is founder of the Female Athletes Research Centre (FEARCE) at the faculty of health sciences at the University of Pretoria, tells FORBES AFRICA.



“In South Africa, there has not been any study on RED-S among male or female athletes, so from a scientific perspective, there is very little literature. 



“We are busy with our own, at the University of Pretoria, we have a female-focused research interest group called FEARCE and it is one of the projects that we have identified, but looking at both male and female athletes.



“We don’t know anything about the South African landscape at the moment, whether it is similar to the rest of the world or there are local differences. The study we have formulated is looking exactly at that.”



MacMillan does not believe any sporting codes in South Africa actively monitor athletes to see if they have RED-S, and says international standards in how to monitor may not apply in the local context.



“I am not aware of any sports in South Africa where it is standard protocol to include a RED-S questionnaire. But just because a RED-S ques- tionnaire has been validated in the United States, for example, does not mean it is relevant within a South African context,” MacMillan adds.



“We are currently studying the knowledge of RED-S among the support staff of the athletes and the athletes themselves. For example, from a female perspective, there are definite cultural barriers with regards to talking about menstrual regularity, which is one of the side-effects of RED-S.



“Or among the males, it is sex-drive. It is not necessarily within the culture of many athletes to speak openly about that. In that instance, even if they had RED-S, we would not know if they don’t answer the questions honestly.”



MacMillan points out too that RED-S is a po- tential problem among school-going children and is not reserved for elite performers. It is some- thing parents can be actively monitoring.



“There are instances where young girls, for example, are entering puberty and at school, there may be comments about, ‘this person has gained weight’, and that is one area where it can be an issue as the reaction to that is to severely limit calorie intake when actually it is just a typi- cal female phase.



“But when you are trying to make a one per cent improvement to your performance, all these things are issues.”



Many athletes who do drop their body weights to dangerous levels in the belief it will help their sporting performance, may be creating other problems for themselves beyond RED-S.



“With regards the sport climbers, for example, some athletes may believe losing those few kilograms will give them an advantage, but then their power-to-weight ratio goes down too by restricting calorie intake. They need to look at the whole picture,” MacMillan says

Category: Life