South African President Cyril Ramaphosa is currently in China for his second state visit, along with his participation in the Summit of The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) this week. This visit underscores a deepening of bilateral relations, focusing on trade negotiations, political alignment, and strategic financial cooperation, signaling a strengthening of both political and economic ties between the two nations.



&#8220;We are seeking to shift the structure of our trade profile and deepen our investment relationship,” President Ramaphosa emphasized during his address to the SA-China Business Forum. “It is up to us to seize these opportunities and take the economic relationship between our two countries to the next level.&#8221;



Since the formalization of diplomatic relations in 1998, the partnership between South Africa and China has grown significantly. The cooperation has expanded year-on-year, not only in trade and investment but also through broader strategic initiatives, such as their mutual membership in the BRICS bloc. China is South Africa’s largest trading partner, with bilateral trade reaching almost $40 billion in 2023.



Veteran economist Dawie Roodt is clear in highlighting the import of strengthening trade relations with such an economic powerhouse, but also makes clear the importance of shifting the nature of such trade in a manner beneficial to South Africa.



“By purchasing power parity, the Chinese economy is the largest in the world,” says Roodt in an interview with FORBES AFRICA. “I do hope that something will come from this in terms of China actually importing more manufactured goods from South Africa.”



China appears to have listened. During today’s session of the FOCAC Summit, Chinese President Xi Jinping pledged nearly $51 billion in new funding for Africa over the next three years, signaling a strong commitment to deepening China-Africa relations.



This funding includes support for 30 infrastructure projects and 30 clean energy initiatives across the continent, emphasizing China&#8217;s strategic shift toward sustainable development. &#8220;China is ready to deepen cooperation with African countries in industry, agriculture, infrastructure, trade, and investment,&#8221; President Xi stated in today’s address, underscoring the importance of building a &#8220;China-Africa network featuring land-sea links and coordinated development&#8221;. South African exports to China are primarily focused on minerals and agriculture, while imports from China consist largely of manufactured goods. However, the trade imbalance remains a concern, with South Africa importing about twice as much from China as it exports. President Ramaphosa reiterated this concern during his meetings with Chinese leaders, stating, &#8220;We would like to narrow the trade deficit and address the structure of our trade.&#8221;



China’s increasing economic footprint in Africa is also a critical factor in the relationship. With loans totaling $4.61 billion to the continent last year and a growing number of developmental projects, China’s influence in Africa continues to expand. This expansion is not without strategic implications. As part of the broader Belt and Road Initiative, China&#8217;s investments in infrastructure, technology, and renewable energy align with its goals to build stronger ties with African nations.



For South Africa, this means leveraging these investments to boost local manufacturing and job creation. &#8220;We urge for more sustainable manufacturing and job-creating investments,&#8221; President Ramaphosa said, reflecting South Africa&#8217;s push for development that extends beyond raw materials and goods.



This goal appears to be reciprocated, with China aiming to expand market access and facilitate technology transfers, which could benefit South Africa by boosting local industries and creating jobs. With a promise to create at least one million jobs in Africa and to provide $70 billion in fresh investments by Chinese companies as part of the overall funding package, these commitments align with South Africa&#8217;s goals to diversify its economy and reduce its trade deficit with China. This development presents opportunities for South Africa to enhance its export profile, particularly in manufactured goods and value-added products.



On the political front, both nations operate under the framework of a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP). However, discussions during this visit included a proposal to upgrade the relationship to an All-Round Strategic Cooperative Partnership in a New Era. This new level of partnership would not only increase trade ties and commercial commitments but also enhance political alignment, a move clearly indicated in the joint statement issued by both countries on Monday. The statement reaffirmed South Africa’s support for the “One-China policy” and recognized Taiwan as &#8220;an inalienable part of China.&#8221;



Despite this greater political closeness, Roodt is not cynical as to how this might affect South Africa’s broader international relations, but highlighted that this step should not be seen as the sole point around which the country’s trade pivots. “I don&#8217;t think this is going to be an obstacle to our trade and our relationship with other countries, especially the West… As a small, developing, and open economy, South Africa would like to do business with everybody, and establish similar agreements with other countries as well.”



Additionally, both leaders agreed to strengthen cooperation in governance, green technologies, and digital transformation, underscoring the importance of mutual learning and technological exchange. This aligns with South Africa&#8217;s goal to modernize its economy and move towards sustainable development.



As discussions continue, South Africa is poised to advocate for better terms in its economic dealings with China, seeking to balance its trade deficit while expanding cooperation in critical areas such as renewable energy, technology, and infrastructure. The outcomes of these negotiations will likely shape the future trajectory of China-South Africa relations and their collective impact on the African continent&#8217;s economic landscape.

2024 Summit Of The Forum On China-Africa Cooperation – Day 3

South Africa And China Deepen Ties With $51 Billion Commitment And Strategic Partnership Upgrade During State Visit

South Africa’s Department of Justice is set to resubmit its extradition application to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for the Gupta brothers, Rajesh and Atul, in connection with well-reported allegations of state capture. The Department is also considering expanding the charges attached to the application, including those of money laundering and fraud. The two brothers fled South Africa in 2016 amidst scrutiny over their close relationship with former President Jacob Zuma and allegations of illicit dealings with the state.



“The department and the National Prosecuting Authority [NPA] is coming under a lot of flak and being blamed for the failure to extradite the Gupta brothers, so it’s very important to understand that, as the NPA, we did everything possible to make sure that these Gupta brothers, who must be held accountable for the devastation of state capture, [are extradited],” said National Director of Public Prosecutions Shamila Batohi during a media briefing in Pretoria this morning.



The reapplication follows the rejection of the original extradition request by the UAE last year, reportedly on a technicality, which was communicated to South African authorities six weeks after the Gupta brothers had been informed.



The Gupta brothers, who first arrived in South Africa in 1993, built a vast business empire that expanded into mining, electronics, and media. Their influence extended into the political sphere, with accusations of orchestrating state appointments and siphoning funds from state-owned enterprises. Despite these allegations, the brothers have consistently denied wrongdoing, framing the accusations as part of a politically motivated campaign against them.



In South Africa, the Gupta family&#8217;s reported involvement in state capture has become a symbol of the country’s struggle with corruption at the highest levels of government. The brothers&#8217; alleged ability to influence key government decisions and appointments has raised questions about the integrity of South Africa&#8217;s political system during Zuma’s presidency. The fallout from these allegations continues to reverberate through the nation’s political and legal landscapes.



In the broader fight against state capture, the NPA has faced significant obstacles, including a lack of access to the Zondo Commission&#8217;s digital evidence database, crucial for prosecuting state capture cases. The Justice Department has denied claims that it has blocked access. The database reportedly contains a wealth of evidence that could be critical in prosecuting not only the Gupta brothers but other high-profile individuals implicated in state capture.



As South Africa prepares to resubmit its extradition application for the Gupta brothers, the outcome will be closely watched as a test of the country&#8217;s legal resolve and its ability to overcome systemic challenges that continue to obstruct justice. The success or failure of this extradition effort could have far-reaching implications for South Africa&#8217;s ability to prosecute those responsible for the widespread corruption that has plagued the country in recent years.

Gupta Brothers and Duduzane Zuma speak out

South Africa’s Justice Department To Reapply For Gupta Brothers’ Extradition, Mulls Adding New Charges

Floyd Shivambu, South Africa’s Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) Deputy President, today resigned from the party to join the uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) party. This move represents the largest shakeup in EFF leadership since its formation in 2014 and reflects the shifting nature of opposition parties in light of South Africa’s recent Government of National Unity (GNU) formation following this year’s elections.



EFF President Julius Malema acknowledged the resignation in an urgent press briefing held in Johannesburg and attended by FORBES AFRICA, stating, “When he sent me a letter yesterday, I felt the pain… resigning from the EFF is like resigning from himself.”



Shivambu has long been a staunch supporter of Malema, co-founding the EFF alongside him. His exit to the MK party may herald a larger exodus of his loyalists, with at least one other EFF Member of Parliament, Mzwanele Manyi, also tendering his resignation in favor of joining MK.



Rumors of Shivambu’s potential resignation began swirling on social media late last night, quickly becoming the top trend on X, formerly Twitter, in South Africa. Speculation suggested that the rift was due to Shivambu potentially challenging Malema’s leadership at the EFF’s next conference.



Shivambu’s departure to the uMkhonto we Sizwe party, formed late last year after former President Jacob Zuma broke away from the ruling African National Congress (ANC), is particularly notable. Since MK’s formation and the lead-up to the June elections, several ANC members followed Zuma, leading to a groundswell of populist support. The newly-formed MK party surprisingly captured 14.58% of the national vote.



In response to the surge in support for relatively nascent opposition parties and the significant losses suffered by the ruling ANC, the post-election landscape saw the ANC, opposition Democratic Alliance (DA), and several other parties form GNU.



“My non-renewal of EFF membership is not a vote of no confidence,” said Shivambu during today’s press conference, notably absent his red overalls and beret, the EFF’s uniform. “It is a revolutionary act that will allow progressive forces to unite and work towards their agenda,” he added, seemingly nodding to the newfound circumstances the EFF and MK parties find themselves in since the GNU’s formation. Despite Shivambu’s conciliatory words, a visibly-agitated Malema looked on during the reading of the resignation letter.



Shivambu’s move comes just a week after 18 MK MPs were recalled from Parliament by the organization, many of whom had resigned from previous posts or employment to embrace their new roles — expulsions that have marked the party since former President Zuma assumed leadership of MK in May.



This move represents another unexpected turn in South Africa’s political landscape, with Malema acknowledging the potential impact on the party. “There will be many others who are going to leave the EFF because they’ve got their loyalty and support for the deputy president,” Malema remarked.



Shivambu declined to elaborate on his reasons for leaving, stating, “I don’t entertain rumors and speculations.”



The departure of a key figure like Shivambu could have profound implications for the future of South Africa’s opposition politics. With the MK party gaining traction and the EFF facing internal challenges, the balance of power among opposition parties is likely to shift, potentially altering the dynamics within the GNU. As these developments unfold, the future of South Africa’s political landscape will hinge on how these parties navigate their evolving roles, their ability to unite their bases, and the impact this will have on governance and stability in the country. The emergence of new



political alliances and realignments could shape the course of South Africa’s democracy in the years to come.

EFF Party Holds Press Conference As Deputy Leader Resigns

Political Shift As South African Opposition Party Economic Freedom Fighters Sees Deputy President Exit

In an unprecedented move, the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) has declared Mpox a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security – the first since the agency’s inception in 2017.



&#8220;This empowers us to forge new partnerships, strengthen our health systems, educate our communities, and deliver life-saving interventions where they are needed most,&#8221; said Africa CDC Director General Jean Kaseya during an online media briefing late yesterday announcing the emergency, noting that currently, travel restrictions were not required.



The declaration, which will allow the organization to empower and coordinate resources in response to the Mpox outbreak, comes as 13 countries on the continent have reported cases, with the total exceeding 17,000, the majority being registered in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). However, the actual numbers could be higher due to a lack of consistent contact tracing and surveillance in many regions.



The situation has also deteriorated in countries like Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda, where the virus has crossed borders, leading to an alarming rise in infections.



&#8220;This is not just another challenge; it’s a crisis that demands our collective action,” continued Kaseya. Africa CDC&#8217;s declaration underscores the severity of the Mpox outbreak, with the number of cases skyrocketing by 160% in the past year alone. According to the latest CDC data as of August 4, 2024, there have been 38,465 cases of Mpox and 1,456 deaths in Africa since January 2022. Experts warn that the true scale of the outbreak might be far worse, given the gaps in monitoring and reporting systems across the continent.



<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-background">Background</h4>



Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, belongs to the same family of viruses as smallpox. The virus has mutated into different clades, with the current outbreak predominantly linked to the Clade Ib subclade, which has spread rapidly across Central and Western Africa. The virus is transmitted through close physical contact, resulting in symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, and large boil-like skin lesions.



In response to the crisis, Africa CDC has coordinated with international partners, including the European Commission and Bavarian Nordic, to secure 215,000 doses of the MVA-BN® vaccine, the only FDA and EMA-approved Mpox vaccine. This donation comes at a crucial time, as the continent grapples with the rapid spread of the virus and the limited availability of vaccines. The vaccine distribution will prioritize the most-affected regions, aiming to curb the spread of the virus and protect vulnerable populations.



Stella Kyriakides, the European Union Commissioner for Health and Food Safety, emphasized the importance of international cooperation in this effort in a press release announcing the donation earlier today: &#8220;Strong global partnerships are at the very core of our European Health Union. Health security threats know no borders and today… Preparedness and response to health threats is a global endeavour which we are determined to pursue collectively and with solidarity across borders.&#8221;

Spain Sets Up Monkeypox Testing Site As Cases on The Rise

Mpox Declared Public Health Emergency By Africa CDC: ‘Crisis That Demands Collective Action’ As 13 African Countries Report Cases

Namibia recently decided to impose visa requirements on countries that do not offer reciprocal visa-free entry.



Namibia is set to implement a new visa policy aimed at launching in April 2025, requiring citizens from over 30 countries, including major Western nations like the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom, to obtain visas for entry. This move is intended to ensure &#8220;parity and fairness in diplomatic interactions&#8221;, according to a press statement from the Namibian Ministry of Home Affairs, Immigration, Safety and Security issued earlier this year, reflecting a growing trend among Global South countries to assert themselves in global diplomatic exchanges.



The Hospitality Association of Namibia has expressed concerns over the potential impact on tourism, a sector contributing 7% to the country&#8217;s GDP. The new visa requirements for visitors from key source markets may affect Namibia’s image as a welcoming destination. With European countries accounting for a significant portion of tourist arrivals, industry experts fear that the policy might deter travelers, particularly those sensitive to additional travel costs.



Namibian policymakers defend the decision as a necessary assertion of sovereignty. Namibian Minister of Home Affairs, Immigration, Safety and Security Albert Kawana stated in a press release that, “This decision ensures that our policies are respected internationally and that Namibian citizens face fair treatment abroad.”



Analysts have noted that Namibia is not alone in this approach. Namibia&#8217;s stance reflects a broader trend where countries like Brazil are revising their visa policies to mirror the requirements imposed by Western nations. This shift signals a desire among Global South countries to change narratives about their role and treatment in international relations.



While the tourism sector voices concern, the Namibian government insists the process will be streamlined with visas available on arrival, minimizing disruptions for travelers. Still, as the policy looms, the debate continues on whether the diplomatic gains will outweigh potential economic drawbacks.



This policy shift underscores a broader debate in Africa: balancing national sovereignty with the economic imperatives of tourism and investment. As discussions evolve, Namibia&#8217;s move may prompt broader reflections across the continent on the balance between welcoming foreign investment and asserting national dignity.

The Hosea Kutako International Airport is the main

‘Ensures Our Policies Are Respected Internationally’: Namibia’s New Visa Policy For Over 30 Countries

South Africa’s 2023 startup ecosystem concluded on a high note, as the local venture capital (VC) sector defied the global downward trend in annual deals since 2020. The recent Southern African Venture Capital and Private Equity Association (SAVCA) Venture Capital Survey Launch 2024 revealed that total capital flow to startups exceeded R3 billion ($164 million) for the first time, demonstrating the sector&#8217;s remarkable resilience and potential.



The survey, launched by SAVCA, highlighted the significant increase in capital flow, with R10.73 billion ($586 million) invested across 1,106 active deals since the survey&#8217;s inception in 2010. While the number of deals slightly decreased in 2023 (184 deals compared to 195 in 2022), the activity remained higher than pre-Covid levels.



In line with global trends, the information and communication technology (ICT) sector dominated VC investments, nearly doubling its activity compared to 2022. The ICT sector, encompassing sub-sectors such as fintech, edtech, software, and eCommerce, accounted for 87.6% of investments. Fintech led by value (18.3%) and number (14.8%) of deals, followed by software at 9.8%.



Leading Industries Driving VC Investment



The ICT sector&#8217;s dominance in VC investments is not surprising, given the global shift towards a more digital and technologically driven economy. South Africa&#8217;s strategic position, well-established tech hubs, and a growing pool of tech-savvy entrepreneurs make it an attractive destination for VC funds. The country&#8217;s robust infrastructure, coupled with a supportive regulatory environment, further bolsters the appeal for investors.



Dawie Roodt, founder, Director, and Chief Economist of the Efficient Group, provides insights into this trend. He notes that the increasing digitization of business and the shift towards service-oriented economic activities are primary factors driving investments in the ICT sector.



&#8220;The nature of economic activity worldwide is changing rapidly, becoming more service-oriented and technologically driven. This shift supports the resilience of the VC sector, particularly in ICT,&#8221; Roodt explains in an interview with FORBES AFRICA.



Impact of Increased VC Investment



The infusion of VC funds into South Africa’s startup ecosystem has far-reaching implications for the economy, leading to job creation, innovation, and overall economic growth. As new technologies and business models emerge, they can drive productivity and competitiveness across various sectors. Furthermore, the rise in co-investment activities, involving both local and international investors, fosters a collaborative environment that can accelerate the growth of high-potential startups.



By backing innovative solutions, venture capitalists play a crucial role in addressing some of South Africa&#8217;s most pressing social challenges, such as unemployment and inadequate service delivery. The focus on sectors like fintech and edtech also indicates a potential for significant improvements in financial inclusion and education.



Potential Negative Impacts



However, the influx of VC money is not without potential drawbacks. One notable concern is the impact on the cost of living, particularly in tech hubs like Cape Town. As more startups receive funding and scale their operations, the demand for office space and housing could rise sharply, driving up rental and property prices. This could exacerbate the existing affordability issues for local residents.



Roodt emphasizes the need for balanced growth and highlights potential challenges. &#8220;South Africa is still a country and you need to be attractive in order to attract foreign investments. The downside, because of certain things, like, for example, the quality of our government and weak economic growth means that the returns that these investors require of are very high,&#8221; he noted.



Additional Insights



Moreover, the concentration of investment in specific sectors and regions might lead to economic imbalances. While the ICT sector thrives, other industries might not receive the same level of attention and funding, potentially widening the economic disparity between different sectors and regions.



Future Outlook



Despite the optimistic outlook, challenges remain. Roodt points out the impact of weak economic growth and the quality of governance on attracting foreign investment. &#8220;The downside, because of certain things like the quality of our government and weak economic growth, means that the returns these investors require are very high,&#8221; he cautioned.



The success of the VC sector will also depend on maintaining a positive investment image internationally. &#8220;With the new government of national unity, which is more of a coalition government, South Africa&#8217;s investment image is certainly improving,&#8221; Roodt observes.

Hands holding up columns of bar graph

New Survey: South Africa’s VC Sector On Positive Trajectory And What This Means

Stellenbosch University’s Clive Gray receives the Harry Oppenheimer Fellowship Award, advancing his pioneering research on the effects of long-term antiretroviral treatment in HIV-positive mothers, shedding light on its link to premature births.



In a groundbreaking study, Professor Clive Gray of Stellenbosch University, South Africa, has established a significant link between long-term antiretroviral treatment in HIV-positive mothers and premature births. This research, supported by the Oppenheimer Memorial Trust&#8217;s Harry Oppenheimer Fellowship Award, could reshape our understanding of the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on maternal and child health.



“What we found is that women who received pre-pregnancy antiretroviral treatment had a higher risk of maternal vascular malperfusion,” explains Professor Gray to FORBES AFRICA. This condition, characterized by the improper penetration of maternal blood vessels into the placenta, leads to insufficient oxygen and nutrient delivery to the fetus, increasing the risk of premature birth and low birth weight.



The research identified a key molecule, referred to as Factor X, found in lower levels in the placentas of women who give birth prematurely. Factor X, an enzyme present in macrophages (a type of white blood cell), is crucial for proper placental blood vessel formation. This discovery paves the way for developing predictive markers for adverse birth outcomes.


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="683" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Prof-Clive-Gray-Image-supplied-1024x683.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-62467" style="width:554px;height:auto" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Prof-Clive-Gray-Image-supplied-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Prof-Clive-Gray-Image-supplied-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Prof-Clive-Gray-Image-supplied-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Prof-Clive-Gray-Image-supplied.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Prof Clive Gray; Image supplied</figcaption></figure></div>


“Our aim is not to change policy or the use of antiretrovirals, but to understand their implications,” emphasizes Professor Gray. “If we can identify who is at risk, we can recommend adjunctive treatments to mitigate these risks.”



The implications of this research are profound. Maternal vascular malperfusion not only affects the immediate health of the newborn but also has long-term impacts, including developmental delays and neurocognitive disorders. Children exposed to HIV in-utero but not infected often exhibit learning difficulties, increased susceptibility to infections, and other health challenges.



“These HIV exposed uninfected children are not healthy,” Gray notes. “They suffer from more bacterial and viral infections, especially in the first few years of life, than their counterparts who are born to HIV uninfected mothers.”



The study highlights the need for a deeper understanding of how antiretroviral drugs interact with placental and fetal development. Gray’s team is investigating the exact mechanisms through which these drugs influence maternal vascular malperfusion and seeking to develop a biomarker for predicting which women are at risk.



Gray&#8217;s research has been significantly bolstered by the Oppenheimer Memorial Trust&#8217;s Harry Oppenheimer Fellowship Award. This award, recognizing world-class research with far-reaching impacts, will fund the continuation and expansion of Gray&#8217;s studies.



With the award’s support, Gray’s team aims to refine their predictive marker and explore potential interventions to counteract the negative effects of antiretrovirals on placental development. The ultimate goal is to ensure that HIV-positive mothers can receive effective treatment without compromising their babies&#8217; health.



A New Frontier in HIV Research



Gray&#8217;s work is pioneering in the field of reproductive immunology and HIV research. The findings challenge the existing understanding of antiretroviral therapy&#8217;s safety during pregnancy and highlight the need for ongoing investigation into its long-term effects.



“There is a substantial body of research on the HIV-exposed infant, but what&#8217;s missing is the immunological perspective, particularly concerning the placenta,” Gray explains. “Our research fills this gap and opens up new possibilities for improving maternal and child health outcomes.”



As Gray’s team continues to investigate the complex interactions between antiretroviral drugs and placental development, their work promises to have significant implications for public health policies and clinical practices worldwide.



“Our findings underscore the importance of monitoring and supporting the health of HIV-positive mothers and their babies,” Gray concludes. “By understanding the risks and developing targeted interventions, we can improve outcomes for both mothers and children.”



Looking Ahead



The future of this research holds promise. Gray and his team are writing grants to the National Institutes of Health to further investigate the link between HIV infection, placental dysfunction, and child development outcomes. They aim to establish a comprehensive understanding of the impact of antiretroviral therapy on both maternal and child health.



“Our goal is to create a predictive model for adverse birth outcomes and to develop interventions that can mitigate these risks,” Gray states. “We are committed to ensuring that HIV-positive mothers can receive the best possible care without compromising their children’s health.

Premature baby holds mothers hand

‘New Possibilities For Improving Maternal And Child Health Outcomes’: South African Professor On Path-Breaking HIV Research

Ireland has terminated visa-free travel from South Africa and Botswana, the country’s Justice Minister Helen McEntee announced yesterday. The application of the new requirements removes Ireland as one of the last visa-free travel destinations for South African citizens in Europe. This move comes despite the strong shared history of Ireland and South Africa, as well as the increasing annual trade between the two countries.



“The new requirements are introduced to bring Ireland into closer alignment with the Schengen Area and with the UK to ensure immigration controls are effective,” said Irish Ambassador to South Africa Austin Gormley in a video posted on the Embassy’s X account.



The decision, made just three years after visa requirements for South Africans were abolished post-Covid, is driven by a reported surge in asylum applications from travelers using South African passports, including individuals from Zimbabwe and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This year alone, Ireland reportedly received 198 asylum applications from South African passport holders, highlighting concerns over misuse of visa-free privileges.



“A wide range of factors are taken into account when introducing visa requirements to ensure we can continue to facilitate travel with processes that are robust, effective, and fair,” said McEntee during the announcement.



Effective from tomorrow, July 10, the new visa requirements mark a significant policy shift. Transitional arrangements have been put in place for Botswana and South African passport holders who have already made travel arrangements, with the increased restrictions applying only to travel beyond August 9, 2024.



In anticipation of increased visa applications, Ireland has established an Africa Desk in Dublin to facilitate visa processing and diplomatic relations. Additionally, three new visa processing centers will be opened in South Africa by VFS Global, aimed at streamlining application processes and managing the expected influx of visa requests.



The economic impact of these new visa requirements is expected to be substantial. Visa-free travel previously facilitated a significant number of South African visitors to Ireland each year, contributing to tourism, business exchanges, and educational partnerships. With the introduction of visas, adjustments in travel patterns and economic relations between the countries are anticipated.



The ease of travel and cultural exchanges that characterized visa-free arrangements will likely be affected, potentially influencing investment flows and educational collaborations. Despite this, Ambassador Gormley was at pains to make clear that the new requirements were not a reflection upon the relationship between Ireland and South Africa more broadly. “Ireland enjoys very strong bonds with South Africa and friendship… please be assured that the warm Irish welcome will continue to be there.”



South Africa and Botswana’s passport rankings are likely to be affected by these changes, influencing their citizens’ global travel ease. The establishment of new visa processing centers in South Africa by VFS Global aims to manage the anticipated rise in visa applications and ensure efficient processing.

This is important, I need it to see the world

Ireland No Longer Visa-Free For South Africa And Botswana Citizens

President Cyril Ramaphosa&#8217;s second term begins with a historic Government of National Unity, sparking cautious market optimism. While the Rand rallies and JP Morgan upgrades South Africa’s rankings, some warn that deep-seated structural issues and potential policy conflicts could impede sustained economic growth.



Today marked the second-term swearing-in of South Africa’s President Cyril Ramaphosa of the African National Congress (ANC), which has for the first time since 1997 been forced to form a Government of National Unity (GNU). The ANC, having lost its parliamentary majority for the first time since the dawn of democracy in the country, has formed a coalition with the opposition Democratic Alliance (DA) among others, an odd set of bedfellows between the proclaimed socialist ANC and neoliberal DA, and a direct response to the more economically left-leaning established Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) and newly-formed Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) party led by South Africa’s former President Jacob Zuma.



The move has sparked cautious optimism as well as more deliberate takes from markets and economists. Following the announcement of the GNU, the South African rand rallied 0.44% against the dollar against its previous close. Yesterday, global bank JP Morgan upgraded South Africa’s rankings from underweight to overweight. As Ramaphosa took his oath of office on a crisp winter’s morning in the country’s capital Pretoria, the rand broke below R18 to 1USD for the first time in almost a year.



“We affirm our resolute quest to build a growing and inclusive economy that offers opportunities and livelihoods to all people,” said Ramaphosa in his inauguration speech. “They want a transformed, growing, and inclusive economy.”



Unmeasured optimism isn’t the only sentiment, however, despite the short-term reaction of the markets. While noting the positive response, economist Dawie Roodt makes clear that the underlying structural problems are not only to be fixed overnight but that even these short-term benefits are unlikely to be realized for the majority of the populace.



A Problem of Structure



“The recent market optimism, it’s really good news,” said Roodt, Chief Economist of the Efficient Group, to FORBES AFRICA. “But you have to remember that the financial markets are not going to spill over that much into the real economy.”



South Africa has long been grappling with long-term challenges that have hampered economic growth; a battling state-owned electrical utility has meant regular outages to both business and public for nearly two decades. Railways and basic service delivery have redoubled these challenges, and coupled with a shrinking tax base, the short-term economic response will not necessarily lead to any strong long-term economic gains.



“The basic problem in South Africa is service delivery. Unfortunately, the damage that has been done to all levels of government over the past couple of years is really extensive – fixing that is going to be a major issue,” says Roodt. “The GNU’s commitment to infrastructure development and basic service provision is a positive step, but the extent of its impact will depend on the government’s ability to implement these changes effectively.”



There Might Be a Will, But Not a Way



“The people of South Africa have spoken about the land they want to farm, about the businesses they want to run,” said Ramaphosa today. “&#8230; about the things and products they want to make, about the skills they want to learn.”



It&#8217;s unclear at this point politically from where these results will come.



Despite both the DA and ANC appearing to make strong commitments toward the GNU, it’s early days yet. Both parties compromised extensively to achieve the agreement, with the DA confirming it would not support a motion to re-investigate President Ramaphosa over the Phala Phala farm scandal, whilst the ANC is open to negotiating with the DA on top cabinet positions.



The free-market-leaning DA, and the ostensibly more left-leaning ANC are also joined by the Zulu nationalist Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) and conservative but stated economically centrist Patriotic Alliance (PA) in the GNU, all of whom have crucially different stances on economic and social policy.



Long-Term Ramifications



Therein lies the challenge to long-term success, comments Roodt; not only are underlying structural problems unlikely to be solved easily, but what is likely is that a divergence of views could cause inaction and strife within the GNU.



“There are major challenges ahead. Both the DA and the ANC will try to prevent conflicts over policies and ideologies, but inevitably, conflicts will arise,” he comments. “What concerns me is that these conflicts could lead to the end of the coalition and even instability within the ANC itself… I doubt we will see a full five-year term for this new government due to these inevitable policy conflicts.”



In the most economically-unequal country in the world, the consequences of such a lack of action could be dire.



First Surety, Then Credit



As South Africa navigates this new political landscape, the long-term ramifications of the GNU’s policies are uncertain. President Ramaphosa&#8217;s commitment to economic reform is evident in his inauguration speech where he stated, &#8220;We affirm our resolute quest to build a growing and inclusive economy that offers opportunities and livelihoods to all people.&#8221; This commitment is crucial for addressing the country&#8217;s deep-rooted economic challenges, but it will require effective implementation and unwavering political will.



Roodt highlights the significant hurdles ahead, particularly the need for structural adjustments. &#8220;In order to fix the real economy, we need to make some structural adjustments,&#8221; Roodt emphasized. These adjustments, while necessary, are politically challenging and could lead to tensions within the coalition government. The ability of the GNU to navigate these challenges will be a key determinant of its success.



Delivering What The People Want



Ramaphosa&#8217;s vision for a more inclusive and just society also hinges on effective governance and anti-corruption measures. &#8220;The people have demanded an end to the theft of public funds and the capture of the state,&#8221; Ramaphosa asserted. Ensuring transparency and accountability in government operations will be essential for gaining public trust and fostering a conducive environment for economic growth.



As South Africa moves forward, the world watches closely. The GNU represents a bold step towards inclusive governance and economic reform, but the journey is fraught with challenges. The initial market optimism must be tempered with the reality of the structural issues that need to be addressed.



Roodt&#8217;s cautionary words serve as a reminder of the uphill battle that lies ahead. &#8220;This is not going to be an easy route. It is still a serious uphill battle ahead of us,&#8221; he warned. The coalition&#8217;s success will largely depend on its ability to navigate internal conflicts and make the tough structural adjustments needed to revive the economy.



Ramaphosa&#8217;s pledge to work with all sectors of society to address these challenges is a positive sign. &#8220;As the President of the Republic, I will work with everyone to reach out and work with every political party and sector that is willing to contribute to finding solutions to the challenges our country faces as we transition to a new decade of freedom,&#8221; he declared. In this pivotal moment, South Africa has the opportunity to forge a new path. The coming months and years will reveal whether the GNU can deliver on its promises and steer the nation towards sustainable economic growth and social justice. Only time will tell if this new era will truly bring about the transformative change that South Africans so desperately need.

Cyril Ramaphosa Starts New Term As President Of South Africa

Ramaphosa Sworn In For Second Time: Can South Africa’s GNU Deliver On Economic Reforms?

South Africa is entering a new political era with the formation of a Government of National Unity (GNU) between the previously ruling African National Congress (ANC) and the opposition Democratic Alliance (DA). This historic coalition, finalized amidst last-minute negotiations, represents a significant compromise from both sides and aims to stabilize governance at both national and provincial levels.



The GNU comes after the ANC, which secured 40.18% of the national vote, lost its parliamentary majority for the first time since the end of apartheid. The DA, with 21.81% of the vote, has agreed to support President Cyril Ramaphosa&#8217;s leadership, marking a shift towards a more collaborative governance model.



The formation of the GNU required substantial compromises from both major parties. The ANC initially proposed a &#8220;confidence and supply agreement&#8221;, which the DA rejected, insisting on what they proposed as a genuine power-sharing arrangement. This insistence led to the inclusion of the phrase &#8220;broadly proportional&#8221; in the final agreement, ensuring fair representation of both parties in the Cabinet.



ANC Secretary-General Fikile Mbalula emphasized the necessity of the GNU, stating, &#8220;This is a remarkable step towards uniting our country and addressing the challenges we face.&#8221; DA leader John Steenhuisen, speaking at the signing of the agreement, highlighted the importance of this collaboration, saying, &#8220;Today marks the beginning of a new era where we put our differences aside for the betterment of all South Africans.&#8221;



In an interview with FORBES AFRICA, Gustavo de Carvalho, a Senior Researcher on African Governance and Diplomacy at the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA), notes that managing these differences will be crucial. &#8220;The ability of these parties to make difficult decisions together and manage the country without always threatening the coalition is essential,&#8221; he says. &#8220;Conflict management tools and mechanisms will be put to the test.&#8221;



In with the Old, Despite the Rise of the New



At the national level, this coalition is expected to bring stability, with President Ramaphosa likely to remain in office. The GNU will also impact provincial governance, especially in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), Gauteng, and the Northern Cape provinces, where no party holds a clear majority. The DA&#8217;s participation in the GNU is seen as a strategic move to influence policy and governance, potentially stabilizing these regions.



This election also saw the emergence of new political players like Rise Mzansi and ActionSA, which made significant inroads but were overshadowed by the uMkhonto weSizwe Party (MK), led by South Africa’s former President Jacob Zuma. The MK Party quickly became a formidable force, particularly in KZN, where it secured 45.35% of the vote, making it the largest party in the province.



Zuma&#8217;s influence has been pivotal in the MK Party&#8217;s rise. His called for delaying the election results announcement, citing alleged irregularities, underscored the tension and uncertainty surrounding this election. Zuma stated in a press conference, &#8220;No one should declare the results until all concerns are addressed. This is about ensuring fairness and transparency.&#8221;



Coalition Challenges



The GNU, while a groundbreaking move, is essentially a coalition, which has had mixed success at the metro level. Previous coalitions in cities like Johannesburg and Nelson Mandela Bay have faced numerous challenges, including instability and frequent changes in leadership. The effectiveness of the GNU will depend on its ability to navigate these challenges and maintain cohesive governance.



De Carvalho highlighted the ideological differences between the ANC and DA as potential flashpoints. &#8220;There are often spaces where the ANC and DA have been at odds, whether in terms of foreign policy, land reform, or the National Health Insurance. These could become clashing points that affect coalition stability,&#8221; he explains.



The DA&#8217;s insistence on genuine power-sharing rather than a &#8220;confidence and supply agreement&#8221; reflects its determination to avoid being marginalized in the coalition. This stance was evident during the negotiations when the DA demanded the inclusion of &#8220;broadly proportional&#8221; representation in the Cabinet. The DA&#8217;s participation in the GNU is expected to influence provincial governance, potentially leading to more efficient service delivery and better management of resources.



Stability



The success of this coalition government will be closely watched, as it has the potential to set a precedent for future governance models in South Africa. Ramaphosa, in a recent address, acknowledged the importance of this moment, saying, &#8220;We have a unique opportunity to demonstrate that our democracy is strong and capable of adapting to new political realities.&#8221;



De Carvalho pointed out the importance of this administration for both parties. &#8220;This administration is incredibly important for the ANC to show they can maintain their goals and objectives and for the DA to prove they can appeal beyond their traditional voters,&#8221; he says.



The formation of the GNU marks a significant step towards a more inclusive and collaborative political landscape in South Africa. While challenges remain, the commitment of both the ANC and the DA to this new model of governance holds promise for addressing the nation&#8217;s pressing issues and ensuring stability in the years to come.



Provincial Stability



The impact of the GNU will be felt strongly at the provincial level. In provinces like Gauteng and the Northern Cape, where no party holds a clear majority, the coalition government could bring much-needed stability. The DA&#8217;s participation is expected to influence provincial governance, potentially leading to more efficient service delivery and better management of resources.



The MK’s Rise



The rise of the uMkhonto weSizwe Party (MK) has been one of the most significant developments in this election. Led by former President Jacob Zuma, the MK Party has quickly established itself as a major political force, particularly in KwaZulu-Natal. The party&#8217;s success is largely attributed to Zuma&#8217;s influence and his ability to mobilize support among his loyal base.



Zuma&#8217;s contentious statements during the election, including threats to challenge the results, have added to the political tension. However, the MK Party&#8217;s significant share of the vote indicates a shift in the political landscape, with voters seeking alternatives to the traditional powerhouses.



Coalition Challenges



While the GNU is a promising step towards inclusive governance, it is not without challenges. Coalition governments at the metro level have faced numerous issues, including instability and frequent leadership changes. The effectiveness of the GNU will depend on the ability of the ANC and DA to navigate these challenges and work towards common goals.



The framework agreement includes mechanisms for dispute resolution and consensus-building, which will be crucial in maintaining stability. Ramaphosa, in his address, emphasized the importance of these mechanisms, stating, &#8220;We must work together to ensure that our government remains stable and responsive to the needs of our people.&#8221;



De Carvalho also highlighted the importance of perceptions and public opinion. &#8220;The decay in terms of votes for the ANC and the limited growth for the DA shows pressure from the public for changes in governance,&#8221; he says. &#8220;Both parties have a lot to prove in this new administration.&#8221;



The formation of the Government of National Unity marks a new chapter in South Africa&#8217;s political history. While it brings hope for a more inclusive and collaborative governance model, it also presents significant challenges. The commitment of both the ANC and the DA to this new model will be tested in the coming months, as they work to address the nation&#8217;s pressing issues and ensure stability in governance.

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‘Both Parties Have A Lot To Prove’: South Africa’s Unity Government And Challenges Of The New Political Reality

In a devastating blow to Malawi, Vice President Saulos Klaus Chilima and nine others have died in a plane crash that occurred on June 10, along with nine other persons on board. The Malawian Defense Force aircraft, enroute from the Malawian city of Lilongwe to Mzuzu for the funeral of former Attorney General Ralph Kasambara, went down reportedly amid poor visibility and bad weather conditions.



Malawian President Lazarus Chakwera addressed the nation on Tuesday, confirming the tragic news. “The plane has been found and I am deeply saddened and sorry to inform you all, it has turned out to be a terrible tragedy,” Chakwera said in a televised address. He added, “Something terrible went wrong with that aircraft on its flight back… sending it crashing down and killing everyone on board and leaving us all devastated.”



The exact cause of the crash remains unclear, but initial reports suggest that adverse weather conditions played a significant role. The plane lost contact with aviation authorities shortly after being instructed to return to Lilongwe due to poor visibility. Rescuers combed the fog-cloaked forest south of Mzuzu, where the plane was last detected.



The rescue operations were extensive, involving support from neighboring countries and international partners. General Paul Valentino Phiri, Malawi’s army commander, highlighted the collaborative efforts, including helicopters and drones provided by countries like the United States, Britain, Norway, and Israel.



The Malawian Defense Force aircraft was carrying Chilima, a prominent political figure and widely respected leader in Malawi. Also on board were Gloria Mtukule, a notable figure, and Shanil Dzimbiri, the former First Lady of Malawi. The tragic deaths of these key political and public figures have had a significant impact on the nation.



President Chakwera praised Vice President Chilima, describing him as “a good man, a devoted father and husband, a patriotic citizen who served his country with distinction, a formidable vice president.” He extended his condolences to the families of all the victims, acknowledging their service to the nation.



The political implications of this tragedy are profound. Chilima, a charismatic leader, had been expected to be a presidential candidate in the 2025 elections.



This incident also raises concerns about the safety and reliability of military flights in the region. The Malawian government has pledged a thorough investigation into the crash to prevent such tragedies in the future. As the nation mourns, the government faces the dual challenge of ensuring a transparent investigation and maintaining political stability – particularly in the runup to the upcoming elections.

Malawi’s Anti-Corruption Bureau arrested the country’s Vice President Chilima over corruption allegations in Lilongwe

Malawian Vice President Confirmed Dead In Plane Crash

The country’s National and Provincial Elections marked a significant shift in the political landscape, this as the African National Congress (ANC) lost its parliamentary majority for the first time, along with the rapid rise of the uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) Party, among others.



The 2024 elections in South Africa have been described by some as the most hotly-contested since the end of apartheid in 1994. The results have ushered in a new era of coalition politics, challenging the dominance of the African National Congress (ANC) and highlighting the rapid emergence of the uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) Party.



For the first time in 30 years, the ANC has lost its parliamentary majority, securing only 40.18% of the National Assembly vote and the most of the 400 available seats. This represents a significant drop from its previous standing, necessitating coalition talks with parties such as Democratic Alliance (DA) and Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), to form a stable government.



The rise of the MK Party, led by former president Jacob Zuma, has been a remarkable development in South African politics.



Gustavo de Carvalho, a Senior Researcher on African governance and diplomacy at the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA), explains to FORBES AFRICA that “the rise of the MK Party as the third-largest political party in South Africa is largely reflective of the internal conflicts and factional behaviors within the ANC over the past 15 years”.



“This development is significant as it creates a major split for the ANC in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) and requires the party to rethink how to reach out to those bases,” he adds.



The MK Party secured 14.58% of the national vote and has become the largest party in KZN, although it fell short of an outright majority in the province. This shift underscores the fragmentation of the traditional ANC electorate.



The MK Party’s success has largely come at the expense of the ANC and EFF, both of which have seen a significant decline in support. There have been concerns about potential unrest in KZN, particularly due to Zuma’s comments challenging the election results and alleged vote rigging. The authorities are closely watching the situation to prevent any escalation of violence and to maintain peace as the political landscape continues to shift.



Voter turnout was another critical aspect of this election, with a participation rate of 58.64%, down from 66% in the previous elections.



“The lower turnout is due to several issues. Many still feel disenchanted with the options provided to them and are reluctant to vote for any party. This is a similar declining trend we have seen in South Africa for at least ten years,” De Carvalho notes.



The IEC (Independent Electoral Commission) reported handling 579 objections and 24 recounts, none of which were significant enough to alter the election outcome. Despite the objections and accusations of vote-rigging from some quarters, the IEC maintained that the elections were free and fair.



“The IEC’s handling of the election has been commendable despite minor glitches,” says de Carvalho.



“Their emphasis on accuracy and speed, even with the additional ballot, demonstrates their commitment to maintaining the integrity of the elections. This should positively impact public trust in the electoral process.”



The election has set the stage for a period of coalition governance, with significant challenges and opportunities ahead.



De Carvalho highlights the complexity of forming these coalitions, noting, “Parties will consider how these coalitions will impact their ideological stances, particularly identifying views of the ANC that may oppose their own. The DA and the IFP (Inkatha Freedom Party) seem to be more pragmatic than ideological in their approaches, while the MK has specific demands related to the Ramaphosa-Zuma battle.”



Coalition talks are currently underway, with the ANC engaging in discussions with both the EFF and DA.



The provincial results further underscore the shift in South Africa’s political landscape. In Gauteng, the ANC lost its majority, securing only 36.48% of the vote, followed by the DA with 26.63% and the EFF with 12.47%.



In KZN, the MK Party emerged as the largest party with 45.93% of the vote, followed by the ANC with 17.62% and the IFP with 16.28%.



“I grew up loving the ANC because of how they fought for the freedom we have today,” says Skhumbuzo Mnyandu, a business owner from KwaMashu.



“But this year, I have changed because of the problems with the ruling party, and so I have become a member of the MK Party.”



The Western Cape remains under the control of the DA, which secured 53.05% of the vote, while the ANC garnered 21.34%. The Northern Cape is also set for coalition politics, with the ANC losing its outright majority in the province.



President Cyril Ramaphosa, in his address at the IEC Election Results Announcement, called for unity and cooperation, stating, “The people of South Africa expect their leaders to work together to meet their needs. They expect the parties for which they have voted to find common ground, to overcome their differences, to act and work together for the good of everyone.”



The final seat allocations in the National Assembly reflect the new political reality: the ANC holds 159 seats, the DA 87, the MK Party 58, and the EFF 39. Other parties like the IFP, the Patriotic Alliance (PA), and the Freedom Front Plus (VF Plus) have also secured notable representation.



As South Africa navigates this new political landscape, the emphasis remains on working together for the good of the country. The 2024 elections have not only redefined the political dynamics, with the future of the country now hinging on the ability of its leaders to navigate these changes and build a government that truly reflects the will of the people.

ANC Fails To Win Majority For First Time Since 1994

South Africa: The Era Of Coalition Politics Begins

South Africa is in the midst of a historic election as votes have been counted and are still being captured and finalized, with nearly 80% tallied so far. This election marks the most competitive since the country’s first democratic vote in 1994, posing a real challenge to the long-standing rule of the African National Congress (ANC).



For the first time, the ANC faces significant competition, particularly in the country’s KwaZulu-Natal province, from the newly-formed uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) party led by former President Jacob Zuma, named after the armed wing of the ANC under apartheid. Despite its recent establishment, the party has experienced tremendous growth, reflecting widespread dissatisfaction with the current political landscape, with the party appearing to cannibalize votes from the ruling ANC.



This election encompasses municipal, provincial, and national ballots, raising the real possibility of coalition governments. Record levels of voter turnout have been reported, with some people queuing until midnight to cast their votes. Notably, in the run-up to the election, South Africa has experienced its longest period without loadshedding (power outage) in recent memory, providing some respite to voters and hinting at the pressing issues influencing their choices.



Chief Electoral Officer Sy Mamabolo of the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) expressed satisfaction with the electoral process, stating to media at the Results Operating Center (ROC) in Johannesburg: “We are pleased with the high turnout and the smooth running of the voting process. Every citizen who made an effort to be at the voting station was given the opportunity to vote.” He emphasized the IEC’s commitment to ensuring every vote counts and maintaining the integrity of the electoral process.



Mamabolo also addressed the high turnout, noting: “Evidently, we are in for a higher turnout than we had in 2019, which is why it is the singular intention of the commission to ensure that every voter who is in the queue is given an opportunity to record their political choice.”



Despite minor delays and technical issues at some polling stations, the IEC reported no major irregularities. The country’s stagnant economic growth and high levels of corruption have fueled voter turnout and the rise of smaller parties such as Build One South Africa (BOSA) and Rise Mzansi, challenging the traditional dominance of the ANC and the Democratic Alliance (DA).



As the results continue to come in, the ANC’s majority is genuinely threatened. If coalitions become necessary, it could dramatically change the political landscape at every level of government in South Africa.



Mamabolo assured the public that the vote counting process would be both swift and accurate. “The commission is careful not to take long to get to a point where they declare results. We balance two imperatives: accuracy and speed, to ensure the country is not left in a politically tenuous situation,” he stated.



The election day (May 29) itself was not without its challenges. Long queues and occasional technical difficulties tested the patience of voters. In some areas, delays were caused by problems with voter roll machines and the late arrival of ballot papers. However, these issues did not deter South Africans from exercising their democratic rights. Voters in urban areas, particularly in Gauteng and the Western Cape, reported a late surge in turnout, keeping polling stations busy until the very last minute.



The high voter turnout is a testament to the public’s desire for change and accountability. Many South Africans have expressed frustration over the persistent issues of unemployment, crime, and corruption. This election has given voice to these concerns, with voters seeking alternatives to the status quo. The emergence of new political entities and the potential for coalition governments reflect a more dynamic and possibly fragmented political future. 



Looking ahead, the final results of this election will set the stage for South Africa’s political trajectory. Whether the ANC manages to retain its majority or is forced to form alliances, the implications will be profound. A shift in power dynamics could lead to significant policy changes and a re-evaluation of governance strategies. South Africa stands at a crossroads, with the potential for a new era of political collaboration and reform on the horizon. Mamabolo stated that results are likely to be finalized over the course of the weekend.

South Africans Await Results In National Election

South Africa’s Historic Polls: Unprecedented Voter Turnout And A Possible Turning Point In 30th Year Of Democracy

Today, April 25, marks World Malaria Day, spotlighting the pressing need to “accelerate the fight against malaria for a more equitable world”. Highlighting the day’s global call to action, Dr Daniel Ngamije, Director of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Malaria Programme, in a letter released today, emphasized that &#8220;our strategies aim to reach the most marginalized and at-risk populations&#8221;.



In South Africa, the mosquito-borne infectious disease remains a relatively limited challenge due to high levels of monitoring and reporting, as well as the country’s climate. However, the provinces of KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, and Mpumalanga reportedly continue to see high case numbers due to their proximity to malaria-endemic countries. The Notifiable Medical Conditions Surveillance System (NMC-SS) report for the 2022-23 season documents 5,813 malaria cases nationwide, shedding light on the demographic most affected and the timing of case spikes.



Dr Sarah Stacey, Head of Infectious Diseases at Charlotte Maxeke Academic Hospital in Johannesburg, provides context to FORBES AFRICA: &#8220;It&#8217;s crucial to determine whether the malaria cases we treat are locally acquired or imported. Compared to the global burden of malaria, our case numbers are not significant. We are not an endemic country; we experience seasonal malaria.&#8221;



She elaborates on the climatic factors influencing malaria transmission in the region, &#8220;Our climate is the primary factor distinguishing areas with endemic malaria from those with only seasonal occurrences.&#8221;



On a broader scale, significant advancements in malaria prevention were marked by a milestone in Africa today. Benin, Liberia, and Sierra Leone launched a large-scale rollout of the life-saving malaria vaccine, targeting millions of children across these West African nations. This development brings to eight the number of African countries incorporating the malaria vaccine into their childhood immunization programs, with others poised to follow with the support of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance.



&#8220;The introduction of the malaria vaccine in the Expanded Programme on Immunization is a major step forward in the fight against this scourge,&#8221; said Prof Benjamin Hounkpatin, Minister of Health of Benin, in a press statement. This sentiment was echoed by Dr Louise Kpoto, Liberia’s Minister of Health, who remarked, &#8220;For far too long, malaria has stolen the laughter and dreams of our children. But today, with this vaccine and the unwavering commitment of our communities, healthcare workers, and our partners, we break the chain.&#8221;



These efforts are part of a concerted push to expand access to a tool that has shown promise in significantly reducing malaria illness and child mortality, as demonstrated by a pilot program in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi which reached over 2 million children.



On World Malaria Day, the global community is reminded of the critical importance of a concerted effort to tackle this disease. Ngamije’s message is clear: &#8220;Only through a concerted, inclusive effort can we hope to achieve our ultimate goal — a world free of malaria.&#8221; This sentiment is powerfully supported by ongoing international efforts and the expansion of vaccine programs across Africa, underlining a robust global and local commitment to ending malaria.



The celebration of these vaccine rollouts emphasizes the integrated approach to malaria prevention that includes vaccines, insecticide-treated nets, and other measures.



The progress in vaccine rollout and the persistent efforts of countries, NGOs, and international partners encapsulate the dynamic nature of the global fight against malaria. As countries like Benin, Liberia, and Sierra Leone demonstrate, overcoming malaria requires persistent innovation, robust partnerships, and unwavering dedication to saving lives and enhancing public health.

Global Warming and the Spread of Mosquito-borne Diseases in Mozambique

On World Malaria Day, Focus On The Battle Against The Mosquito-Borne Disease In Africa

In a move aimed at addressing decades of economic turmoil, Zimbabwe recently launched its new gold-backed currency, Zimbabwe Gold, ZiG, with hopes of bringing stability to its volatile financial landscape. However, experts warn that the road ahead for ZiG is fraught with challenges, with doubts lingering over its ability to enact meaningful change without systemic and governmental shifts to match.



Renowned South African economic analyst Daniel Silke cautions against placing too much faith in the currency&#8217;s ability to single-handedly solve Zimbabwe&#8217;s economic woes. Silke suggests that while a new currency may offer a temporary reprieve, lasting stability requires comprehensive economic and political reforms. He emphasizes to FORBES AFRICA, &#8220;A new currency is like putting a plaster over a wound, rather than treating its cause.&#8221; Silke&#8217;s analogy underscores the deeper structural issues facing Zimbabwe&#8217;s economy, highlighting the need for systemic change beyond mere currency reform.



Marisa Lourenço, an independent political and risk analyst, echoes Silke&#8217;s sentiments, expressing skepticism about ZiG&#8217;s potential impact on inflationary pressures. Lourenço points out that Zimbabwe&#8217;s history of currency failures highlights the need for more than just a change in currency. She emphasizes the importance of building reserves, committing to long-term monetary policies, and tackling corruption to address root causes of economic instability. &#8220;Printing money actually drives up inflation, which we have seen happen before in Zimbabwe,” she asserts in an interview with FORBES AFRICA, underscoring the complex interplay between monetary policy and inflation dynamics, suggesting that ZiG may not provide the desired solution to Zimbabwe&#8217;s economic challenges.



The introduction of ZiG comes amidst a backdrop of skepticism surrounding the Zimbabwean government&#8217;s ability to manage monetary policy effectively. Lourenço suggests that a stable monetary policy is crucial for maintaining ZiG&#8217;s credibility in the long term. She advocates for a liberalized currency regime, allowing the market to determine the currency&#8217;s value without undue interference from the central bank. &#8220;A stable monetary policy that enables a liberalized currency regime is essential,&#8221; Lourenço states, emphasizing the importance of market-driven mechanisms.



One of the key challenges facing ZiG is its coexistence alongside other currencies, particularly the United States (U.S.) dollar, which remains widely used in transactions. Silke highlights the dominance of the U.S. dollar and the difficulty of displacing it, especially in a country like Zimbabwe with an entrenched parallel market. Lourenço adds that Zimbabwe&#8217;s currency instability makes it challenging: &#8220;Given Zimbabwe’s track record in being unable to sustain its own currency on at least two occasions, the uptake of the ZiG is going to be difficult to enforce.&#8221;



Concerns have also been raised about the adequacy of gold reserves to back the new currency. Lourenço suggests that Zimbabwe&#8217;s government needs external assistance to address its massive debt arrears. However, she notes that political and economic reforms, including respecting democratic freedoms and implementing stable monetary policies, are essential for restoring confidence in ZiG&#8217;s stability. &#8220;Zimbabwe desperately needs external assistance to help clear its massive debt arrears,&#8221; Lourenço asserts, highlighting the urgency of international support. However, she cautions that without fundamental reforms, Zimbabwe may struggle to overcome its economic challenges and restore confidence in ZiG.



Despite these challenges, Silke remains cautiously optimistic about Zimbabwe&#8217;s future. He suggests that while the road ahead may be difficult, there is potential for positive change if the government commits to meaningful reforms. &#8220;Zimbabwe has the opportunity to turn things around,&#8221; Silke states, &#8220;but it will require bold leadership and decisive action.&#8221; Lourenço echoes this sentiment, emphasizing the need for political will and international cooperation to support Zimbabwe&#8217;s recovery efforts.

Author: Yeshiel Panchia

FORBES AFRICA SOCIAL MEDIA