
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



<p>Pfizer shares tumbled again Monday, continuing the pharmaceutical giant’s struggles tied to declining demand for its Covid-19 products<strong>&nbsp;</strong>and essentially wiping out the entirety of the firm’s peak pandemic gains.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h2>



<p>Pfizer stock slipped 1.6% to $28.96, closing at its lowest share price since March 26, 2020.</p>



<p>After notching record overall revenue and profits in 2022, Pfizer’s luck has run out so far in 2023, reporting a 42% decline through the year’s first nine months and reporting its first quarterly loss since 2019 in its October 31 earnings report.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-big-number">BIG NUMBER</h2>



<p>$170 billion. That’s how much market capitalization Pfizer has lost since December 2021.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">KEY BACKGROUND</h2>



<p>Including dividends, Pfizer has posted a -40% return on investment this year, the 15th-steepest loss of any S&amp;P 500 company. Other pharmaceutical stocks which soared during early development and adoption of Covid treatments have also flailed, including Moderna (down about 80% from its 2021 peak), BioNTech (down about 70% from 2021 peak) and Johnson &amp; Johnson (down nearly 20% from 2021 high). Pfizer’s recent plunge came after the company&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2023/10/16/vaccine-stocks-including-pfizer-moderna-biontech-and-novavax-slide-amid-plummeting-demand/?sh=5cda962f7099">slashed</a>&nbsp;sales guidance for October 16, with sales for its vaccine down 70% year-over-year and Paxlovid revenues down 95%. Pfizer “finally threw in the towel on the potential for reinvigorated” demand for its two primary Covid products, UBS analyst Colin Bristow wrote in a note to clients last month.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-contra">CONTRA</h2>



<p>It’s not all doom and gloom for pharmaceutical stocks, though the balance of power has shifted. Drug makers Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk have both climbed more than 70% over the last 12 months as their respective weight loss medications surge in popularity, and the two are now the most valuable pharmaceutical companies in the world by market cap. Pfizer, which was more valuable than both Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk at the end of 2021, is now worth less than half of each firm.</p>


Vaccinations at Egoli Township as Omicron Cases Spread

Pfizer Stock Hits 3-Year Low—Down 50% From 2021 Peak


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



<p>Stocks of Pfizer and other Covid vaccine makers like BioNTech and Moderna fell in premarket trading Monday after the company slashed its revenue forecasts last week, a change in fortune for the sector as demand for the pandemic-related products that propelled them to record profits last year plummets.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">KEY FACTS</h2>



<p>Pfizer shares fell 3.11% during premarket trading on Monday.</p>



<p>Shares of Germany’s BioNTech, which jointly developed the Comirnaty coronavirus shot with Pfizer, were down 6.57% in Frankfurt, falling to a two-month low.</p>



<p>The German biotech’s U.S.-listed shares were also down 6.41% in premarket trading.</p>



<p>Shares of rival mRNA vaccine maker Moderna also fell 4.45% in premarket trading.</p>



<p>Shares of Novavax, which has faced&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ft.com/content/2e10b2ab-7d0c-48a3-b49b-8de8dc302c6d" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">setbacks</a>&nbsp;in getting its updated protein-based shot approved, were also down 4.54% on Monday.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">NEWS PEG</h2>



<p>Pfizer&nbsp;<a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/pfizer-lowers-full-year-revenue-forecast-shares-fall-2023-10-13/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">slashed</a>&nbsp;its annual revenue&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/78003/000007800323000099/ex99_pressrelease1013.htm" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">forecast</a>&nbsp;by 13% on Friday due to sliding demand for its Covid-19 products. Sales of the firm’s mRNA shot, produced jointly with BioNTech, and its antiviral drug Paxlovid helped it secure record profits last year but the firm has&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2023/01/31/pfizer-expects-covid-vaccine-and-pill-revenues-will-fall-60-in-2023/?sh=2630a7787bee">long</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanponciano/2022/02/08/pfizer-triggers-28-billion-stock-plunge-moderna-after-warning-covid-vaccine-sales-could-disappoint-this-year/?sh=651151e2e372">warned</a>&nbsp;about&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2023/01/31/pfizer-expects-covid-vaccine-and-pill-revenues-will-fall-60-in-2023/?sh=2630a7787bee">sliding</a>&nbsp;demand as the world, and particularly the U.S., exits the pandemic this year. The company&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/78003/000007800323000099/ex99_pressrelease1013.htm" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cut</a>&nbsp;its projections for Paxlovid by $7 billion and by around $2 billion for its Covid shots, which was greater than analysts&nbsp;<a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/biontech-will-likely-take-900-mln-eur-write-off-pfizer-partnered-vaccines-2023-10-16/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">expected</a>. Pfizer&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/antoniopequenoiv/2023/10/13/pfizer-launches-35-billion-cost-cutting-program-amid-declining-covid-vaccine-sales/?sh=7e4fa27016a4">said</a>&nbsp;it was launching a $3.5 billion cost-cutting program covering jobs and expenses as it prepares for the hit to its revenues. Pfizer said it would take a write down of $5.5 billion in the third quarter due to shrinking demand for its Covid stock, most of which comes from inventory write-offs of Paxlovid worth $4.6 billion. The company also acknowledged a $900 million write off from Covid vaccine stock, a write-off BioNTech also&nbsp;<a href="https://investors.biontech.de/news-releases/news-release-details/update-regarding-pfizers-statement-comirnaty-related-write-offs" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">flagged</a>&nbsp;on Monday on account of its profit sharing agreement with Pfizer.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">WHAT TO WATCH FOR</h2>



<p>Moderna will report its <a href="https://investors.modernatx.com/news/news-details/2023/Moderna-to-Report-Third-Quarter-2023-Financial-Results-on-Thursday-November-2-2023/default.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">quarterly earnings</a> on November 2. While Moderna is <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2023/02/22/moderna-hopes-to-build-on-mrna-tech-used-in-its-covid-shots-by-targeting-genetic-diseases/?sh=6f1fdba02692">leveraging</a> its success during the pandemic to <a href="https://www.modernatx.com/research/product-pipeline" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">develop</a> a wide array of medicines, treatments and vaccines for things including<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2023/04/11/vaccines-for-lyme-disease-and-norovirus-moderna-working-on-shots-targeting-tick-borne-infection-and-vomiting-bug/?sh=53602af72afe"> Lyme disease</a>, the flu, HIV, RSV, Zika, norovirus and <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2023/02/22/moderna-hopes-to-build-on-mrna-tech-used-in-its-covid-shots-by-targeting-genetic-diseases/?sh=6f1fdba02692">genetic conditions, </a>its Covid-19 vaccines are its only commercial product and it is particularly vulnerable to sliding demand.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">FURTHER READING</h2>



<p><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/antoniopequenoiv/2023/10/13/pfizer-launches-35-billion-cost-cutting-program-amid-declining-covid-vaccine-sales/?sh=7e4fa27016a4">Pfizer Launches $3.5 Billion Cost-Cutting Program Amid Declining Covid Vaccine Sales</a>&nbsp;(Forbes)</p>


Florida Volunteers Take Part In COVID-19 Vaccine Trials

Vaccine Stocks—Including Pfizer, Moderna, BioNTech And Novavax—Slide Amid Plummeting Demand


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



<p>Johnson &amp; Johnson’s Covid-19 vaccine was far less effective at keeping people out of hospital than the Pfizer-BioNTech shot, according to a peer reviewed <a href="http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0868?utm_source=For_The_Media&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=ftm_links&amp;utm_term=030222" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">study</a> published in <em>JAMA Network Open </em>Wednesday, bolstering the case for those vaccinated with a J&amp;J shot to receive a second booster dose with an mRNA vaccine like Moderna and Pfizer.  </p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">KEY FACTS</h2>



<p>The risk of being hospitalized with severe Covid-19 after vaccination was approximately five times higher in people who had received the J&amp;J vaccine compared to the Pfizer-BioNTech shot, according to a study of around 1.4 million people ages 55 and over in France divided equally by vaccine type.</p>



<p>Pfizer’s shot was 92% effective at preventing hospitalization with severe Covid, compared to 59% for the J&amp;J vaccine, the researchers found, “consistent with previous estimates” from smaller studies.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<p>The researchers said they think the study is the largest to evaluate the effectiveness of the J&amp;J vaccine in the general population to date and “included almost the entire population (of France) aged 55 years or older” who received the shot.&nbsp;</p>



<p>While every effort was taken to ensure no other factor could explain the difference—members of the two vaccine groups were matched for factors including age, sex, vaccination day and area of residence—the researchers said they “cannot completely exclude” another explanation, though they said using a vaccinated group made this less likely than if the shot’s cohort was compared to a group of unvaccinated people.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The findings bolster advice recommending J&amp;J recipients have a second booster dose using an mRNA vaccine—the technology used in Moderna and Pfizer shots—the researchers said, which is already recommended in France and the U.S.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">KEY BACKGROUND</h2>



<p>In clinical trials, a single J&amp;J shot was shown to be around 85% effective against severe Covid-19. In later studies in the general population, this figure&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2110362" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">dropped</a>&nbsp;to around 68%. Compared to mRNA vaccines, the predominant shot used in the U.S. which were found to be around 90% effective in general population studies, J&amp;J is effectively the worst performing vaccine in the country and the CDC recommends everyone get a booster shot of either Pfizer or Moderna shots. Though studies show the J&amp;J vaccine is less effective than mRNA shots at preventing severe Covid and hospitalization, data overwhelmingly shows it is still more dangerous to be unvaccinated.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">WHAT WE DON’T KNOW</h2>



<p>Are people vaccinated with J&amp;J fully protected? Guidance on vaccinations has shifted throughout the pandemic, often leaving the recipients of the least-used U.S. vaccine in&nbsp;<a href="https://khn.org/news/article/johnson-and-johnson-covid-vaccines-booster-questions/?utm_campaign=KHN%3A%20First%20Edition&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;_hsmi=205403798&amp;_hsenc=p2ANqtz-9PBLJKj3X0aqqws0r_bkbGd64iB496FBO5Fnst31BSFh9k4EyG6F414NvEh7FCOfI5cdYSqAyYDT2OWz-r7Cd0UWzbr6lAGQt2bnORICY9fnTAm0M&amp;utm_content=205403798&amp;utm_source=hs_email" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">flux</a>&nbsp;as communications focused on more widely used Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. The CDC counts people who have completed the primary course of vaccination—one dose of J&amp;J or two of Moderna and Pfizer—as “fully vaccinated.” Though the organization acknowledges the need for a single booster dose as protection wanes over time and recommends everybody get this, it has not changed the definition of “fully vaccinated” and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2022/01/21/cdc-not-changing-fully-vaccinated-definition-to-include-booster---but-people-wont-be-up-to-date-on-shots-without-one/?sh=4ddd011c2f78">said</a>&nbsp;people will not be considered “up to date” without a booster. Though people who have had the J&amp;J shot and another booster will be considered fully vaccinated and up to date, data still shows mRNA vaccines consistently offering higher levels of protection, making it unclear whether J&amp;J recipients will need a third shot to “catch up” despite official guidelines. Use of the vaccine has dropped over the course of the pandemic in favor of mRNA shots, adding to the confusion. Official guidelines do not address the matter.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">BIG NUMBER</h2>



<p>17 million. That’s how many people have received the J&amp;J vaccine in the U.S., according to CDC data. In comparison, more than 123 million have received two doses of Pfizer’s shot and more than 75 million two doses of Moderna’s.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">FURTHER READING</h2>



<p><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/zacharysmith/2022/02/08/johnson--johnson-reportedly-pauses-covid-vaccine-production-despite-sharp-need-in-developing-countries/?sh=21ab1b9f1b7c">Johnson &amp; Johnson Reportedly Pauses Covid Vaccine Production Despite Sharp Need In Developing Countries</a> (Forbes)</p>



<p><strong><em>By Robert Hart, Forbes Staff</em></strong></p>


Zimbabwe Prepares For Next Covid-19 Wave As Countries Impose Travel Bans

Risk Of Covid Hospitalization 5 Times Higher With Johnson & Johnson Shot Than Pfizer


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



<p>American pharmaceutical giant Pfizer announced a string of new deals Monday to expand and improve its use of mRNA technology, springboarding off the successes of its Covid-19 vaccine and including a $1.3 billion partnership with gene editing company Beam Therapeutics.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h2>



<p>Pfizer will pay&nbsp;<a href="https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-beam-enter-exclusive-multi-target-research" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Beam</a>&nbsp;$300 million to develop treatments for rare genetic diseases of the liver, muscle and central nervous system as part of the four-year deal, rising by more than $1 billion pending various research, regulatory and commercial milestones.</p>



<p>Pfizer will also collaborate with Canadian biotech&nbsp;<a href="https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-enters-agreement-acuitas-therapeutics-lipid" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Acuitas Therapeutics</a>&nbsp;to license its lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology, which is used to deliver its mRNA-based Covid-19 vaccine into the body.</p>



<p>As part of the deal, the financial details of which were not disclosed, Pfizer has the option of licensing the technology for up to ten vaccines or therapies.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<p>Pfizer will also&nbsp;<a href="https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2022/01/10/2363754/0/en/Codex-DNA-Signs-Early-Access-Collaboration-and-Licensing-Agreement-with-Pfizer-to-Further-Develop-Codex-DNA-s-Novel-Enzymatic-DNA-Synthesis-Technology-for-Pfizer-s-use-in-its-Resea.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">partner</a>&nbsp;with California-based Codex DNA, gaining access to the biotech’s synthetic genome technology with a view to applying it to the development of mRNA vaccines and other therapeutics.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<p>The financial details of the deal with Codex, which include an upfront payment along with success-based milestone payments, were not disclosed.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">KEY BACKGROUND</h2>



<p>Pfizer is investing heavily in the technology that enabled it, and its German partner BioNTech, to bring the first Covid-19 vaccine to market. The deals take a wide view as to what made the shot successful, covering both the fundamental genetic technology and the ways it is shuttled into the body—a combination of LNP and mRNA, which also features in the Moderna vaccine. These are not the first deals the company has made to further its mRNA offerings and it is already working on&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2022/01/05/pfizer-biontech-will-develop-mrna-shingles-vaccine-after-covid-19-shot-success/?sh=2d8cbd4e1d7b">shingles</a>&nbsp;and flu shots using the platform. Spurred on by the wild successes of Pfizer, BioNTech and Moderna, the first to successfully use mRNA after&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02483-w" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">decades</a>&nbsp;of research, other vaccine makers are also&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ft.com/content/1f7f349f-d9e0-4b10-aa03-f411328f52ea" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">injecting</a>&nbsp;money into the field, including European heavyweights like&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2021/06/29/sanofi-is-injecting-almost-half-a-billion-dollars-each-year-into-mrna-tech-driving-pfizer-moderna-covid-shots/?sh=56d111de46f3">Sanofi</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ft.com/content/ee97ec1f-1a90-4177-bb86-6289b9180d94" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">GSK</a>.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-crucial-quote">CRUCIAL QUOTE</h2>



<p>Mikael Dolsten, Pfizer’s chief scientific officer, said the company is “making significant investments to harness the power of the mRNA-LNP technology and deliver potential new breakthrough vaccines and therapeutics that address significant unmet needs for patients.”&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-to-watch-for">WHAT TO WATCH FOR</h2>



<p>In a statement to&nbsp;<em>Forbes,&nbsp;</em>a company spokesperson said Monday’s deals were about expanding and deepening Pfizer’s mRNA capabilities and allied technologies to “unlock the full potential of mRNA.” The company is focusing its mRNA strategy on four key areas: continuing research into its Covid-19 vaccine; building its infectious disease mRNA vaccine pipeline; expanding mRNA research into new therapeutic areas including rare diseases and cancer; and investing in applying mRNA technology to other areas in need of innovation.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-further-reading">FURTHER READING</h2>



<p><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiejennings/2020/07/10/this-startup-might-finally-cure-sickle-cell-disease-after-a-century-of-racist-neglect/?sh=5c74131e4d3e">This Startup Might Finally Cure Sickle Cell Disease—After A Century Of Racist Neglect</a>&nbsp;(Forbes)</p>



<p><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiejennings/2021/07/13/this-gene-editing-startup-raised-315-million-for-a-next-generation-crispr-tool-to-cure-rare-diseases/?sh=6ad56c105630">This Gene Editing Startup Raised $315 Million For A Next Generation Crispr Tool To Cure Rare Diseases</a> (Forbes)</p>



<p><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/"></a><em><strong>By Robert Hart, Forbes Staff</strong></em></p>


A Healthcare Worker Prepares a Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine.

Pfizer Bets Big On mRNA: New Deals Include $1.3 Billion Collaboration With Beam


<p><meta charset="utf-8">TOPLINE Pfizer says its Covid-19 vaccine is more than 90% effective against infection for children between the ages of 5 and 11, according to briefing documents shared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Friday morning as its regulators prepare to release their opinion on giving the jab to young kids.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h2>



<p>The briefing documents included the results of a trial by Pfizer of about 2,250 children who were either given two shots of a low-dose vaccine (about a third of the amount given to teens and adults) or a placebo.</p>



<p>Just three of the children inoculated with Pfizer’s vaccine developed the virus compared to 16 of those who received the placebo, making the vaccine about 90.7% effective.</p>



<p>The trial shored up no safety issues (though it wasn’t large enough to identify cases of rare heart inflammation) and suggested young children given the vaccine develop the same levels of antibodies as teenagers and young adults who received full doses of the vaccine.</p>



<p>The FDA released these documents as its regulators are expected to post online their written assessment of the data that’s been provided by Pfizer as early as Friday morning.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-to-watch-for">WHAT TO WATCH FOR</h2>



<p>The response from the FDA regulators will give critical insight into how the agency will rule in authorizing the vaccine for this demographic. Members of its advisory panel, the Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee, are set to meet Tuesday to vote on their recommendations for authorization.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">KEY BACKGROUND</h2>



<p>Though it is still extremely rare for young people to die from Covid-19, record numbers of children being hospitalized with the virus during the summer and fall delta wave exacerbated calls to make vaccines available for young children. A study released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) earlier this week found Pfizer’s jab to be 93% effective at preventing hospitalizations among those between 12 and 18.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-further-reading">FURTHER READING</h2>



<p><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2021/10/19/pfizers-covid-vaccine-93-effective-at-preventing-teen-hospitalizations-cdc-study-finds/">“Pfizer’s Covid Vaccine 93% Effective At Preventing Teen Hospitalizations, CDC Study Finds”</a>&nbsp;(Forbes)</p>



<p><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/masonbissada/2021/10/20/vaccinated-teens-90-less-likely-to-contract-delta-variant-in-first-few-weeks-after-second-dose-study-finds/?sh=2896ae5c1efa">“Vaccinated Teens 90% Less Likely To Contract Delta Variant In First Few Weeks After Second Dose, Study Finds”</a>&nbsp;(Forbes)</p>



<p><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2021/10/20/heres-how-the-white-house-plans-to-distribute-childrens-covid-vaccines/">“Here’s How The White House Plans To Distribute Children’s Covid Vaccines” </a>(Forbes)</p>



<p><strong><em>By Jemima McEvoy, Forbes Staff</em></strong></p>


Ecuador Vaccinates 5 To 11 Year Olds Against COVID-19

Pfizer Says Its Covid Vaccine Is 91% Effective At Preventing Infection For Young Kids


<p><strong>TOPLINE</strong> A new study out of South Korea found that taking an AstraZeneca vaccine shot followed by a Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine shot boosted Covid-19 antibody levels six times more than receiving two Astra-Zeneca doses, as some governments around the world are giving the green light to mix Covid-19 vaccine shots for extra protection against the virus.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h3>



<p>The study was conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, and it took a look at the effects of mixing certain vaccine doses and vaccine efficacy against coronavirus variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta, as first&nbsp;<a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/mixed-astrazeneca-pfizer-shot-boosts-covid-antibody-level-study-2021-07-26/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">reported</a>&nbsp;by Reuters.</p>



<p>About 499 medical workers took part in the study, with about 200 workers receiving two doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine, 200 workers receiving two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and 100 workers receiving mixed doses of both the vaccines.</p>



<p>All three groups acquired antibodies, with the group that mixed AstraZeneca and Pfizer showing similar levels of antibodies as the group that received the two Pfizer shots.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The study also found that each of the vaccine doses were most effective against the Alpha variant, but&nbsp; showed decreased effectiveness between 2 ½ to 6 times on Beta, Gamma and Delta variants.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">KEY BACKGROUND</h3>



<p>Back in June, Oxford University led a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemimamcevoy/2021/06/28/uk-study-offers-new-evidence-you-can-mix-and-match-coronavirus-vaccines/?sh=64cc30081082">study</a>&nbsp;to find out if mixing and matching vaccines was viable. It found that taking an AstraZeneca vaccine shot followed by a Pfizer shot created the highest T-cell response, which are immune cells that attack and destroy infected cells. The vaccine combo also generated more antibodies than taking a Pfizer shot followed by an AstraZeneca shot. Both the Oxford University study and Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency study show that vaccines can still provide a strong immunity response to the virus if mixed and matched. The United States&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/covid-19-vaccines-us.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Centers for Disease Control</a>&nbsp;does not recommend mixing doses from different vaccines since it has not yet evaluated if that practice is safe and effective. However, some countries like Germany and Spain allow for mixed shots, allowing people to receive Pfizer and Moderna shots even after they have already gotten AstraZeneca’s first dose. Canada’s health officials also started to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/canada-mixing-covid-19-vaccines-astrazeneca-pfizer-moderna-naci-1.6048152" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">recommend&nbsp;</a>mixing vaccine shots last month, if people are unable to take two of the same vaccine doses.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-tangent">TANGENT</h3>



<p>As the Delta variant continues to grow internationally, more people are reporting taking multiple vaccine doses. Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel&nbsp;<a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-57571791" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">received</a>&nbsp;the Moderna jab at the end of June, a few months after she received her first AstraZeneca shot. One U.S. doctor received the one-shot Johnson &amp; Johnson vaccine in Seattle, but then, after moving to Canada, got one shot of the Pfizer vaccine for added protection, according to a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/26/delta-people-are-mixing-and-matching-covid-vaccines-over-concerns-about-variant.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">report</a>&nbsp;by CNBC. The U.S. does not consider people who have had different doses of vaccines as fully vaccinated.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-to-watch-out-for">WHAT TO WATCH OUT FOR</h3>



<p>Pfizer said it will be creating a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/08/pfizer-says-it-is-developing-a-covid-booster-shot-to-target-the-highly-transmissible-delta-variant.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">booster</a>&nbsp;shot to target the Delta variant. Trials for the booster shot&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wsmv.com/news/pfizer-booster-shot-trial-underway-in-nashville/article_5447ab60-edf5-11eb-b977-6b315cb7c729.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">began</a>&nbsp;in Nashville on Monday. Moderna also announced it will be developing a booster shot, with&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/covid-19-vaccine-booster-shot-what-we-know/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">trial</a>&nbsp;results expected by September. Some doctors are even&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/20/dr-vin-gupta-encourages-jj-vaccine-recipients-to-get-a-pfizer-or-moderna-booster.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">encouraging</a>&nbsp;those who received the Johnson &amp; Johnson vaccine to consider getting either a Pfizer or Moderna booster shot, even though it is unclear how the booster shots may work with other vaccines.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-further-reading">FURTHER READING</h3>



<p><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemimamcevoy/2021/06/28/uk-study-offers-new-evidence-you-can-mix-and-match-coronavirus-vaccines/?sh=64cc30081082">U.K. Study Offers New Evidence You Can ‘Mix And Match’ Coronavirus Vaccines</a>&nbsp;(<em>Forbes</em>)</p>



<p><a href="http://mymusictaste.com/artist/68f14b7dcc835375b53d0ea65f4dedd7/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Americans are ‘mixing and matching’ Covid vaccines over concerns about the delta variant</a> (<em>CNBC</em>)</p>



<p><strong><em>By Kimberlee Speakman, Forbes Staff</em></strong></p>


Dept of Correctional Services Vaccination Rollout Launch in South Africa

Mixed AstraZeneca-Pfizer Vaccine Boosts Covid Antibody Levels, Korea Study Finds


<p><strong>TOPLINE</strong> Both the Pfizer and AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccines work well at preventing symptomatic cases of the delta coronavirus variant—which became the dominant strain in the U.S. this month—but the vaccines’ effectiveness drops significantly in patients who only have one of the two doses, according to a new study.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h3>



<p>A study of 19,000 people from&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2108891" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Public Health England</a>&nbsp;published Wednesday found that both doses of either the Pfizer or AstraZeneca vaccines help protect against symptoms from both the alpha (B.1.1.7, also known as&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/carlieporterfield/2021/04/07/uk-coronavirus-variant-is-now-the-dominant-strain-in-us-cdc-says/">the U.K. variant</a>) and delta variants at comparable rates.</p>



<p>Two doses of the Pfizer vaccine had an effectiveness of 93.7% at preventing symptomatic alpha infections, and 88% for the delta variant.</p>



<p>Two doses of AstraZeneca were found to be 74.5% effective at preventing symptomatic alpha infections, and 67% for delta.</p>



<p>However, the effectiveness of the vaccines plummeted if a patient had only received one dose of either vaccine: the study found both to be just more than 48% effective against alpha and only about 30% effective against delta.</p>



<p>Researchers said their findings support the theory that&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2108891" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">prioritizing second doses</a>, especially in vulnerable populations, is an effective way to prevent coronavirus outbreaks.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-tangent">TANGENT</h3>



<p>The single-dose Johnson &amp; Johnson vaccine only has&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2021/07/20/johnson--johnson-vaccine-far-less-effective-against-delta-variant-study-suggests/?sh=44f5e2864299">a 33% efficacy rate</a>&nbsp;against the delta variant, a New York University study released Tuesday suggested, although it has not been peer reviewed.&nbsp;A small study from Moderna last month suggested their vaccine also&nbsp;<a href="https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/moderna-provides-clinical-update-neutralizing-activity-its-covid" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">offers protection</a>&nbsp;against the delta strain.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">KEY BACKGROUND</h3>



<p>The delta variant, which experts believe is more transmissible than earlier forms of coronavirus, is thought to be the driving force behind <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/joewalsh/2021/07/17/covid-hospitalizations-rise-nationwide-amid-delta-surge---especially-in-these-states/?sh=290e647e52a8">a new wave of infections</a> and a jump in hospitalizations across the U.S. Experts have warned about the danger delta could pose. Former Food and Drug Administration head Dr. Scott Gottlieb said the “majority” of unvaccinated Americans would likely contract the delta mutation eventually, adding the disease “is going to be the <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemimamcevoy/2021/07/18/former-fda-head-says-delta-will-infect-majority-of-unvaccinated-americans-and-may-be-most-serious-virus-in-their-lifetime/?sh=22ee15f06b17">most serious virus</a> they will get in their lifetime in terms of the risk of putting them in the hospital.” The surge of new cases has pushed some cities like <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/graisondangor/2021/07/15/los-angeles-reportedly-will-reinstate-mask-mandate-saturday/?sh=7b879fb45373">Los Angeles</a> and <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2021/07/21/delta-fueled-covid-surge-spurs-new-mask-mandates---here-are-the-states-where-they-cant-legally-be-reimposed/?sh=6be7887c37b4">Las Vegas</a> to reintroduce mandatory masking in some indoor spaces.</p>



<p><strong><em>By Carlie Porterfield, Forbes Staff</em></strong></p>


A doctor’s hand with a syringe of covid-19 coronavirus vaccine.

Study Finds Pfizer And AstraZeneca Vaccines Effective Against The Delta Variant — As Long As You Get Both Doses


<p><strong>TOPLINE</strong>: Pfizer has struck a deal with a South African drug manufacturer to begin producing and distributing its coronavirus vaccine in Africa for the first time, the company announced Wednesday, in a move that follows mounting pressure to address inequalities in the global vaccine rollout.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h3>



<p>Pfizer&nbsp;<a href="https://investors.biontech.de/news-releases/news-release-details/pfizer-and-biontech-announce-collaboration-biovac-manufacture" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">said</a>&nbsp;it will be working with South Africa’s Biovac Institute, a public-private partnership focused on vaccine production, to produce and distribute over 100 million doses a year for the African Union beginning in 2022.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Biovac will be shipped batches of vaccine ingredients from Europe and then will perform so-called fill and finish operations, the last stage of manufacturing and packaging, according to a press release from the company.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Though technical transfer, on-site development and equipment installation activities will begin immediately, the company said manufacturing of the finished doses will only begin in 2022.&nbsp;</p>



<p>“At full operational capacity, the annual production will exceed 100 million finished doses annually,” which will be distributed within the 55 member states making up the African Union, the company said.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-crucial-quotes">CRUCIAL QUOTES</h3>



<p>Pfizer CEO Andrew Bourla, who is set to give a speech later Wednesday at the World Trade Organization Summit, deemed the partnership progress toward the company’s goal of providing “fair and equitable” access to the vaccine “to everyone, everywhere.” Meanwhile, Biovac CEO Dr. Morena Makhoana lauded it as a “critical step forward.” “We believe this collaboration will create opportunity to more broadly distribute vaccine doses to people in harder-to-reach communities, especially those on the African continent,” said Makhoana.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">KEY BACKGROUND&nbsp;</h3>



<p>The pace of vaccinations in Africa is running far behind the rest of the world. Just over 1.5% of Africans have been fully vaccinated, according to the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, making the continent’s goal of having 20% of its population vaccinated by the end of 2021 increasingly unlikely. This is largely due to a lack of African-based vaccine manufacturing facilities. The continent was relying on the World Health Organization-backed COVAX effort for its doses. However, COVAX has fallen far behind schedule, having delivered only 200 million doses since February (the U.S. has administered 338 million), in part because of the troubles of its biggest supplier, the Serum Institute of India.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-to-watch-for">WHAT TO WATCH FOR&nbsp;</h3>



<p>Africa’s rollout is lagging at a time when the more infectious delta variant is driving a record surge of cases. Earlier this month, the continent reported its&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/08/world/africa-coronavirus-cases-who.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">“worst pandemic week ever”</a>&nbsp;after 16 countries saw a resurgence in infections, amounting to over 250,000 cases reported in just one week.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-further-reading">FURTHER READING&nbsp;</h3>



<p><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/07/16/world/africa/africa-vaccination-rollout.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">“Africa’s Covid Crisis Deepens, but Vaccines Are Still Far Off”</a> (The New York Times)</p>



<p><em><strong>By Jemima McEvoy, Forbes Staff</strong></em></p>


US-HEALTH-VIRUS-VACCINE

Pfizer Strikes Deal To Produce Vaccines In Africa As Continent Falls Far Behind In Covid Fight


<p><strong>TOPLINE</strong> Pfizer and BioNTech said Thursday that research shows taking a third dose of their vaccine as a booster protects even more against Covid-19, including the Delta variant, and will ask the Food and Drug Administration for emergency authorization for the shot within the next several weeks.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h3>



<p>A study not yet released by the companies shows that a third dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine six months after the second dose protected people against the original strain of Covid-19 as well as the Beta variant.</p>



<p>After six months, the companies’ two-dose vaccine loses some of its ability to protect against getting Covid-19 and developing symptoms, although it continues to work well against preventing severe Covid-19, the companies said, referencing data from their studies and from the health ministry in Israel, which has a highly vaccinated population and has recently seen a wave of the Delta variant spread.</p>



<p>After taking the booster shot, antibodies against the original and Beta variants were “five to 10 times higher,” the companies said in a press release.</p>



<p>The companies believe a booster shot would also increase protection against the Delta variant based on&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03693-y" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">a&nbsp;<em>Nature</em>&nbsp;study</a>&nbsp;which they said suggests that the two-dose vaccine is effective against the variant.</p>



<p>Pfizer and BioNTech in August will launch a trial of a vaccine specifically targeting the Delta variant.</p>



<p>The companies said they will send the data to the FDA “in the coming weeks” for its application for emergency authorization and that they will publish the data in a peer-reviewed journal.</p>



<p>They will also send the data to the European Medicines Agency, which regulates drugs in the European Union, and “in discussion with EU and other regions” about emergency authorizations, a spokesperson said.</p>



<p>A separate study published Thursday in&nbsp;<em>JAMA Oncology</em>&nbsp;found the vaccine was found to be&nbsp;<a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2781608?guestAccessKey=a006b52c-6abf-414d-b0b9-b57946450d20&amp;utm_source=For_The_Media&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=ftm_links&amp;utm_content=tfl&amp;utm_term=070821" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">safe for cancer patients</a>, although most didn’t develop antibodies until after their second dose, and 14% didn’t develop the antibodies at all.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-tangent">TANGENT</h3>



<p>The FDA, which is&nbsp;<a href="https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/development-approval-process-cber" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">in charge</a>&nbsp;of approving vaccines,&nbsp;<a href="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/E50SoxnXEAMvs9c.png" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">released a statement</a>&nbsp;with the CDC Thursday night that appeared to respond to Pfizer and BioNTech’s news. “Americans who have been fully vaccinated do not need a booster shot at this time,” it said. Both agencies and the National Institutes of Health, the statement continued, are researching “whether or when a booster might be necessary.”&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">KEY BACKGROUND</h3>



<p>Whether booster shots work, and how well, is important because scientists expect that vaccines will&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2021/06/15/when-will-you-need-a-covid-booster-shot-pfizer-monitors-breakthrough-infections-as-experts-say-more-data-is-needed/?sh=1068ed587f69">lose strength over time</a>. Because the pace of vaccination is so unequal—globally, just&nbsp;<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-people-vaccinated-covid?time=2020-12-02..2021-07-07&amp;country=~OWID_WRL" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">one in four people</a>&nbsp;have received at least one vaccine dose; in the U.S.,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemimamcevoy/2021/07/08/at-least-15-states-wont-reach-70-vaccination-goal-until-2022-or-even-later-at-current-pace/?sh=46a2691532b8">at least 15 states</a>&nbsp;are not on pace to partially or fully vaccinate 70% of residents until 2022—some people are likely to need booster shots before others get their first dose.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-further-reading">FURTHER READING</h3>



<p><a href="https://investors.biontech.de/news-releases/news-release-details/pfizer-and-biontech-provide-update-booster-program-light-delta" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Pfizer and BioNTech Provide Update on Booster Program in Light of the Delta-Variant</a>&nbsp;<em>(BioNTech)</em></p>



<p><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2021/05/18/96-of-people-develop-covid-antibodies-after-just-one-shot-of-pfizer-or-astrazeneca-vaccine-uk-study-finds/?sh=30b7f66699b9">96% Of People Develop Covid Antibodies After Just One Shot Of Pfizer Or AstraZeneca Vaccine, UK Study Finds</a>&nbsp;<em>(Forbes)</em>&nbsp;</p>



<p><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2021/06/15/when-will-you-need-a-covid-booster-shot-pfizer-monitors-breakthrough-infections-as-experts-say-more-data-is-needed/?sh=1068ed587f69">When Will You Need A Covid Booster Shot? Pfizer Monitors Breakthrough Infections As Experts Say More Data Is Needed</a>&nbsp;<em>(Forbes)</em></p>



<p><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-people-vaccinated-covid?time=2020-12-02..2021-07-07&amp;country=~OWID_WRL" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Share of people who received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine</a> <em>(Our World In Data)</em></p>



<p><strong><em>By Graison Dangor, Forbes Staff</em></strong></p>


TOPSHOT-US-HEALTH-VIRUS-STOCKS

Pfizer Will Ask FDA To Authorize Third Covid-19 Shot As A Booster


<p id="h-topline"><strong>TOPLINE</strong> Pfizer’s coronavirus vaccine staved off illness and death for over 95% of Israeli patients, according to government figures released Saturday from a report reviewed by multiple news outlets, encouraging news from the world’s most heavily vaccinated country.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h3>



<ul><li>Israel’s Ministry of Health studied the roughly 1.7 million Israelis who had received both shots of Pfizer’s vaccine as of the end of last month, and released a report later obtained by <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-israel-vaccine/covid-infections-dropped-95-8-after-both-pfizer-shots-israeli-health-ministry-idUSKBN2AK0NC" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Reuters</a> and several <a href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/vaccine-close-to-99-percent-effective-in-preventing-death-latest-israeli-data-shows-1.9555313" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">local</a> <a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-says-vaccine-dramatically-effective-prevents-98-9-of-covid-deaths/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">news</a> <a href="https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/1613844321-israel-coronavirus-vaccine-almost-96-percent-effective-in-preventing-disease" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">outlets</a>. </li></ul>



<ul><li>Two weeks after receiving both doses, vaccinated Israelis were 95.8% less likely to fall ill from Covid-19 and 98.9% less likely to face hospitalization or death, Reuters reported.</li></ul>



<ul><li>This report follows a spate of good news from Israel: The country’s main healthcare provider <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-israel-vaccine-idUSKBN2AE0Q2?taid=60298276a77dbd00013d1f6c&amp;utm_campaign=trueAnthem:+Trending+Content&amp;utm_medium=trueAnthem&amp;utm_source=twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">said Sunday</a> vaccinated patients are 92% less likely to end up with serious Covid-19 cases than their unvaccinated peers, and a <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2821%2900448-7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">non-peer reviewed study</a> Thursday found just one dose of the vaccine reduces the <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2021/02/19/single-shot-of-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-is-85-effective-study-finds/?sh=52725c173969">risk of infection</a> by 75% after two weeks.</li></ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-big-number">BIG NUMBER</h3>



<p>32.4%. That’s the share of Israelis who are fully vaccinated as of Saturday, according to the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/world/covid-vaccinations-tracker.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>New York Times</em></a>’ tracker. The country ranks first in the world for vaccinations, compared to the United States’ 5.1% immunization rate.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">KEY BACKGROUND</h3>



<p>Israel is leading the worldwide vaccination race, partly&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemimamcevoy/2021/01/04/why-israel-is-leading-the-world-in-covid-vaccinations-and-the-us-is-trailing/?sh=6408ca0b1592">due to</a>&nbsp;the country’s small size,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/why-israels-vaccine-success-might-be-hard-replicate/617780/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">speed</a>&nbsp;in buying up doses and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/31/covid-vaccine-israel-says-its-inoculated-7percent-of-its-population-its-less-than-1percent-in-us.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">comprehensive network</a>&nbsp;of HMOs (the effort&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/04/world/middleeast/israel-palestinians-vaccine.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">controversially</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/55800921" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">doesn’t include</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/pa-says-israel-has-agreed-to-vaccinate-palestinian-workers-against-covid-1.9553781" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">most</a>&nbsp;residents of the West Bank and Gaza Strip). Public health authorities around the world are&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/05/world/middleeast/israel-virus-vaccination.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">watching Israel’s progress closely</a>, making the country the planet’s largest test case for the impact of mass-vaccination. So far, experts say there’s reason for cautious optimism: cases and hospitalizations have&nbsp;<a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-05/israel-s-pioneering-covid-vaccination-program-offers-key-lessons" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">declined for</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/region/israel" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">several weeks</a>.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-crucial-quote">CRUCIAL QUOTE</h3>



<p>“Israel has a remarkable diminution in cases associated with the efficiency of their vaccine,” U.S. infectious disease expert Dr. Anthony Fauci <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2021/02/17/press-briefing-by-white-house-covid-19-response-team-and-public-health-officials-4/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">said Wednesday</a>.</p>



<p><em>By Joe Walsh, Forbes Staff</em></p>


Tag: Pfizer

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