The deadliest African cyclone, to date, tore through
Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambique in March, leaving a trail of death and
destruction. The worst is yet to come for survivors.



<hr class="wp-block-separator"/>



The deadliest cyclone to ever hit Africa, Idai, overnight,
ripped through Mozambique and then tore into Zimbabwe and Malawi, leaving a
long trail of destruction in its wake. 



Trees were uprooted, so were people, in the millions. 



Roads were washed away, houses destroyed and bridges torn
from their edifices. Worst of all, the raging muddy waters killed at least 847
people, affected about two million and destroyed several hundreds of thousands
of crops. The devastation caused by the cyclone is almost unimaginable as, in
these three countries, bodies could be seen floating in water where there used
to be villages. 



“This was unimaginable. I am in the military but I have
never seen such. People are desperate for help and have lost everything,” says
Brigadier General Joe Muzvidziwa, who is helping survivors in Zimbabwe. 



For those who did survive, the worst is yet to come. Many of
them will mourn the deaths of their loved ones on empty pockets and growling
stomachs. 



The drive to Zimbabwe’s hardest hit district, Chimanimani,
is long and painful. A mere six days after the furious waters swept away most
parts of the villages in the area, the ground is dry but the pain and
destruction still palpable. 



We struggle to drive into the villages as trees and debris
still block the roads and bridges have been decimated. 



We continue our journey on foot and meet many with no place
to call home. One of them is Tsitsi Mungana. 



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="918" height="610" src="https://www.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Tsitsi.png.png" alt="" class="wp-image-40646" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Tsitsi.png.png 918w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Tsitsi.png-300x199.png 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Tsitsi.png-600x399.png 600w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Tsitsi.png-768x510.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 918px) 100vw, 918px" /><figcaption> Tsitsi Mungana in the aftermath of Cyclone Idai. Picture: </figcaption></figure></div>



As we meet, she is trying to climb over a tree blocking the
road, to make her way to aid agencies for her first decent meal since Cyclone
Idai. She is walking barefoot and is wearing the only dress and doek (headwrap)
she now owns. She mutters a few words to herself as tears stream down her
cheeks. 



“It’s been the worst time of my life. I don’t know how I am
going to move on from this. I don’t have anything else left. My husband was
swept away by the floods and was found about 10km away&#8230; We spent hours
looking for my grandson. The rocks which fell off the mountain due to the heavy
rains and wind covered his body and it took many people to find him. All our
belongings and livestock are also gone,” says Mungana as she begins to weep
uncontrollably. 



She is one of hundreds of families who have lost loved ones,
and thousands who are most likely going to starve this year. 



According to Wandile Sihlobo, Chief Economist of the
Agricultural Business Chamber of South Africa (Agbiz), Mozambique, Zimbabwe and
Malawi will collectively have to import over a million tons of maize this year
to feed its people. 



He says Zimbabwe’s maize imports could reach 900,000 tons in
order to meet the annual needs of roughly two million tons a year. 



“Meanwhile, Mozambique will most likely double the typical
maize import volume of about 100,000 tons a year,” he says.



It’s going to be hard to find suppliers of maize because the
key suppliers, South Africa and Zambia, are expecting low harvests this year. 



“If we assume that South Africa’s expected production of
10.6 million tons materializes, then the country could have about 1.1 million
tons of maize for export markets. A large share of this will, most likely, be
destined to the BNLS countries (Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho, and Eswatini), thus
leaving a small volume for Zimbabwe and Mozambique,” Sihlobo says. 



There is also very little to be expected from Zambia as the
International Grains Council forecasts the country’s 2018/19 maize harvest at
2.4 million tons, down by 33% year-on-year. This will be enough only for
domestic consumption. 



Cyclone Idai also affected trade. 



In its wake, according to the UN Economic Commission for
Africa Executive Secretary, Vera Songwe, the cyclone cost Africa infrastructure
worth more than a billion dollars. 



Port of Beira, the main corridor for Zimbabwe, Zambia,
Malawi and Eastern DRC, closed its doors. 



“We closed the port two days before the cyclone hit to allow
us time to prepare for it by reorganizing and removing all potential hazards.
There was a lot of damage to the port. It took another two days to clean up
and, at least, make the port accessible. The damage was several millions of
dollars. We are currently in talks with insurance to know how much exactly. It
will take time and money to fix everything up. We are currently improvising
just to make sure business goes on,” says Jan de Vries, Managing Director of
Port of Beira. 



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="884" height="609" src="https://www.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Jan.png.png" alt="" class="wp-image-40647" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Jan.png.png 884w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Jan.png-300x207.png 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Jan.png-600x413.png 600w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Jan.png-768x529.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 884px) 100vw, 884px" /><figcaption> Jan de Vries, Managing Director of Port of Beira. </figcaption></figure></div>



Before this disaster, Beira port controlled 60% of the
country’s imports and 40% of its exports. 



“We handle about 300,000 containers per year and about three
million tons of general cargo per year and a lot of fuel but we had to put
services on hold&#8230; On the first day, it was tough to go around. Nearly all the
roads were blocked, to some extent, with trees, electricity cables and many
things. There was a lot of destruction. A lot of roofs damaged, buildings
completely collapsed. This place looked like a warzone,” de Vries says.



He says at the port, roofs, doors and warehouses were
destroyed but they are lucky because it is currently low season. 



“Electricity supply had been cut off but we are very
impressed by the government because power is being restored. Technicians from all
over the country are working hard. Major industries have been reconnected and a
few residential areas are now being connected. Rail and road infrastructure is
also being fixed. Although we have to struggle a bit, we have opened the port
and business continues,” he says. 



The president of the Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries
(CZI) Sifelani Jabangwe says Beira is one of the major ports for the SADC
(Southern African Development Community) region and its closure, no matter how
short-lived, affected trade. 



“Zimbabwe imports fuel and wheat through the Port of Beira.
The closure caused a strain on the supply of these two commodities. We had
trucks that were stuck in Beira for a number of days. The bigger impact is also
on businesses located on the eastern sides of the country, like timber estates,
fruit and tea producers, and even the diamond company, in that area, is now
revising its targeted output because of the flooding,” Jabangwe says. 



Henry Nemaire, the Chairman of the CZI Trade Development and
Investments Promotion Committee based in Mutare, says most businesses have been
severely affected and are looking for funding to rebuild.



“Some businesses are in areas that can’t be accessed with
30-ton trucks which they used to move their goods like timber&#8230; Power lines
are cut off and there are issues around water supply systems which have been
damaged. Smaller businesses were the most affected. Most of them are now trying
to apply for loans to get new trucks and rebuild so they can get back on
track,” Nemaire says. 



Jabangwe agrees with Nemaire. He says it will be a long and
harsh road to recovery. 



“We are still waiting for reports from various companies
affected by the cyclone which should start coming in soon so we can understand
the actual loss that has occurred&#8230; there are already teams working with
government to import the required maize to feed the country. We need additional
support to make sure that people are catered for. We would need to feed people
in that area for at least 12 months, which means a full-fledged program has to
be put in place,” he says.



Cherukai Mukamba, a local smallholder farmer, says he relied
on farming to make money. “I would sell maize and chicken, and sometimes cows,
to make money to be able to take care of my children. A week before the
cyclone, I had hired people who were going to help me with harvesting when the
time came,” he says.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="463" height="617" src="https://www.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Cheru.png.png" alt="" class="wp-image-40648" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Cheru.png.png 463w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Cheru.png-300x400.png 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Cheru.png-225x300.png 225w" sizes="(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px" /><figcaption> Cherukai Mukamba, a local smallholder farmer.</figcaption></figure></div>



Like many in this area, Mukamba spent the night fearing for
his life and that of his family. 



“I was asleep and was woken up by very loud winds that I
have never heard before. I went outside to look and right in front of me, was a
bus rolling down the mountain. I could hear people scream and it crushed them
before my eyes. I tried to go help but it pouring and I could see rocks fall
off the mountain right into the fields and I had to go back in the house and
say a prayer.” 



The next day, Mukamba says he woke up to the biggest horror.




“Everything was destroyed; all my crops, livestock and part
of my house. I went to check on the bus but didn’t find anyone inside. I heard
that there had been three people in the bus and their bodies were found over
100km away. I couldn’t believe it. It is the worst thing to ever happen to us,”
he says. 



Mukamba’s story is one of thousands of stories in Zimbabwe,
Malawi and Mozambique. 



These countries have weathered many storms over the years
like Cyclone Leon–Eline and poverty, but this massive natural disaster will go
down in history books as the worst and southern Africa will bear its scars for
generations to come.

cyclone1

Cyclone Idai Aftermath: No Maize, No Money, No Future

Cyclone Idai, which recently devastated Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Malawi, was one of the&nbsp;worst&nbsp;natural disasters to hit the southern African region. It killed at least&nbsp;a thousand&nbsp;people and caused damages estimated at&nbsp;US$2 billion.



The response from the Southern African Development Community (SADC) member states, civil society, the private sector and individuals in the region points to the need for a collective, regional approach to addressing natural disasters – rather than individual countries working alone.



Idai also showed, once again, just how unprepared SADC is to respond to major natural disasters. It doesn’t seem to have learnt much from earlier ones.



In 2015, floods and torrential rains associated with the&nbsp;tropical storm Chedza, and&nbsp;Cyclone Bansai&nbsp;left about&nbsp;260 people dead&nbsp;and 360,000 homeless in Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe.



About a year earlier,&nbsp;flash floods&nbsp;killed, displaced and left thousands homeless in Zimbabwe. However, the storm that remains most vivid in many people’s minds is the one that hit Mozambique 19 years ago&nbsp;in 2000, killing 700 people and leaving two million homeless.



Disasters of this kind&nbsp;know no boundaries. That’s why they require thinking beyond the narrow view that individual governments should respond to crises alone.



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Responses to Idai</h4>



The first regional response to Idai came from the&nbsp;South African National Defence Force&nbsp;and South African disaster relief NGO,&nbsp;Gift of the Givers. These responses followed a&nbsp;request&nbsp;by the Mozambican government.



The United Nations responded with&nbsp;aid operations&nbsp;in the affected countries a few days later.&nbsp;Other SADC countries, NGOs, the&nbsp;private sector&nbsp;and&nbsp;ordinary citizens&nbsp;also&nbsp;donated&nbsp;to the relief efforts.



For its part, however, SADC’s voice was conspicuously absent for at least a week after the devastation. Ordinarily, it should have led relief operations.



It was disconcerting to see UN Secretary General António Guterres appeal for help and outline a plan to respond to the disaster at a&nbsp;Security Council stakeout, while SADC remained missing in action.



SADC has a dedicated&nbsp;Disaster Risk Reduction Unit. It coordinates regional preparedness and responses to trans-boundary disasters and hazards. But, as South Africa’s Foreign Affairs Minister Lindiwe Sisulu said, the regional body was&nbsp;completely unprepared&nbsp;for the disaster.



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Pooling resources</h4>



Of SADC’s 16-member states only Angola, Botswana, Tanzania, Zambia and South Africa contributed to the relief efforts. This reflects the prevailing preference for a&nbsp;bilateral approach&nbsp;to regional challenges within the SADC.



At the heart of this are narrow nationalistic interests and a preoccupation with sovereignty. The member states are unwilling to surrender control over policies to be administered by the regional body for the collective good.



But, natural disasters like Idai doesn’t respect national boundaries. Their very regional scope requires solutions that integrate domestic actions into a regional governance framework to address them effectively.



When SADC eventually responded, it&nbsp;pledged US$500,000&nbsp;for relief efforts towards a disaster that cost over&nbsp;US$2 billion&nbsp;in damages to infrastructure alone.



Instead of acting individually, SADC countries need to work together to pool resources and mobilise disaster relief efforts and resources to be more effective. This could be done through the SADC Secretariat.



Funds for immediate humanitarian assistance and the rebuilding of infrastructure should be held in a preexisting, dedicated facility, like a regional disaster risk fund.



This would provide southern Africa with risk financing for climate-related and other disasters. Funds that are often donated by SADC member states, private sector, NGOs, and ordinary citizens for relief efforts can also be pooled and placed in the permanent regional mechanism.



But, there are challenges.



The major challenge to establishing a sub-regional disaster fund probably lies outside SADC, and even Africa. The idea might not sit well with some governments. For example, an attempt to create an Asian Monetary Fund after the 1997/98 Asian financial crisis failed because the US&nbsp;strongly opposed&nbsp;it, and China didn’t support it.



But, SADC could work with global financial institutions to surmount this challenge. The World Bank, for example, already runs&nbsp;disaster risk programmes. SADC could approach it for support and partnership in making the facility a reality.



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Cushion against harm</h4>



Cyclone Idai has once again shown that natural disasters are capable of wreaking havoc across southern Africa. It’s also shown that affected countries are too poor to respond to the devastation of their infrastructure and the accompanying humanitarian disaster.



It is thus necessary for countries in the region to work together to devise sound contingency plans, including a permanent regional disaster fund, to help cushion them against the effects of natural disasters.



-Chris Changwe Nshimbi; Director &amp; Research Fellow, University of Pretoria



-The Conversation



<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/114541/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important" />

Tag: cyclone idai

FORBES AFRICA SOCIAL MEDIA

Cyclone Idai Aftermath: No Maize, No Money, No Future

Southern African Countries Won’t Manage Disasters Unless They Work Together