It has since dawned on some in the tourism industry that unless they use their stature and influence to lobby their governments to do more to protect the species and by extension, their business, they stand to lose out. Their argument is that if there are no rhinos to see, they cannot sell the Big Five to potential tourists.
The world’s most powerful women should be getting into something that some might say is not exactly their business: the physical, emotional and sexual abuse of women less powerful than themselves.
There are businesswomen’s associations that help to fund halfway stations where women recovering from or fleeing their abusive partners can learn business principles that can help them be independent once they leave their tormentors. Such associations should lobby their governments to improve conditions of girls and women and tighten punitive measures for those who hurt, abuse and marginalize women.
The logic is simple. The more women do not need to depend on men, the less they will tolerate abusive men. The more women there are in business, especially if they are confident in their femininity, the greater the chances of the feminine motif becoming the norm in the business world and in the executive suite.
It is not enough to assume that being a woman means you can understand the plight of a woman in an abusive relationship. Even if you did, unless there are programs in place in your  business that recognize the debilitating effects of patriarchy on productive capacity and therefore the bottom line, you are no better than those who see or hear no evil.
I am not holding my breath that business is ready for such a leap of faith in the interest of abused women and marginalized girls. Far too many still go with the logic that the business of business is business. Everything else is someone else’s business – the preacher, the teacher or the politician.
I continue hearing about how women boast about what they have had to go through, implying that others who want to attain the same status must also grin, bear and get on with it. And still some insist that having a female boss is better for one’s self-worth.
I don’t know if it is just me, but one hardly sees powerful women – except in their capacity as government officials or public representatives – become champions of the anti-woman abuse movement. The rest of the time, it is the less glamorous women in non-governmental organizations, academia or in the arts, who are left to make the big deal of this social scourge and drain to the economy.
It seems to me that powerful women do not want to risk their power reputation by associating themselves with what they might see as being weak or the doormat at home.
I can see why some women would not want to contaminate their reputation as tough task masters who drive a hard bargain by confessing to have been pushed around like British TV personality Nigella Lawson. But it is the recognition that there are many other Nigellas and that businesswomen’s associations can become socially relevant and inspirational to the women who do not yet own a power suit or have not yet been invited for high tea.
There is also the economic impact of women who are prevented from earning a living and being financially independent by abusive partners, or who are forced to divert their earnings into areas that are not as productive as they could have been.
Women should not be forced to buy make-up only if the intention is to hide the marks and scars on their faces if they could be investing that money into areas that grow their wealth and independence.
There is also the denialism in the top echelons of business that makes top businesswomen or executives pretend that abuse is only suffered by others with a less net worth than themselves or who hold mundane jobs.
Some may say that I am blaming the victim by not addressing the patriarchal power that places women in these situations. Perhaps I am. What is clear to me though is that it is those who feel and have known the discomfort of a stone in the shoe, who are best placed to remove the stone. Demanding that whoever placed the stone there remove it, might slow you down.
The stories we hear about women needing to juggle being wives, partners, parents and business executives should not be used as a demand for sympathy or a self-pat on the back. It should be a catalyst for change that is driven by those who understand the pain and unnecessary hurdles it has brought and ensure it does not happen to other women.

Get The Stone Out Of Your Shoe

It was a caucus about transformation and we were going to appoint a committee, almost like a task-team, to deal with certain issues. I was the only woman at the meeting and when it came to electing the members, the men started appointing each other. Eventually, one of them realized that they did not have any female members, so they said to me, ‘Come and sit on the panel so we can have a woman.’ I said no.’”
Despite repeated requests from her colleagues, Ntambi Ravele declined adamantly. She made it clear that she would stick to her decision.
“I wasn’t going to be part of something just because I was a woman. Especially because I had experience on my side,” she says.
At the time of the convention, Ravele had served as national co-ordinator for Women and Sport South Africa, represented the country at the International Olympic Committee, chaired the Supreme Council for Sport in South Africa’s zone VI Women and Sport Committee, and won the president’s Sport Administrator of the Year title. She had credentials many people in the room could only dream of and she was not going to allow them to be undermined by a politically-correct, gender-based appointment.
“When those types of things happen, you get to a point where you can’t even feel offended. You can only sit back and laugh.”
Ravele had the last laugh as the team that was set up turned out to be nothing more than a talking shop.
“Nothing ever happened after that,” she says.
But much has happened for Ravele. She has served as president of Netball South Africa in the mid-2000s, during which she obtained a television rights deal with the public broadcaster, the SABC, and corporate sponsorship worth R10 million ($913,000). In April 2013, she got into the boxing ring with BSA. It is her most challenging role yet, but she has already packed a serious punch.
When Ravele was appointed, she identified the most pressing issue in boxing to be that of compliance. Mismanagement, be it from administrators or promoters, resulted in embarrassment. Veteran super middleweight boxer Dingaan ‘The Rose of Soweto’ Thobela had his license revoked because he was over the age limit and did not fight actively for the stipulated period. And Noni Tenge, South Africa’s first female world champion, was stripped of her IBF title for not competing often enough.
“We really needed to clean up the industry. We had to change our image by looking at licenses and payments. We had situations where licenses were not issued properly, others where fighters were not paid within a certain time and fights were being canceled.”
To address these issues, Ravele had to reach a consensus with boxing promoters, whom she met at the National Sports Indaba early in her tenure. She extracted commitments from them that would pay greater attention to playing by the rules.
“We put systems in place and now we have to make sure we work within these systems. Money must be paid within a certain time frame and the promoters must have registered companies that operate properly. For example, they must all have a tax clearance. We will be making sure all these things are abided by,” says Ravele.
Her first step towards reviving South African boxing was to find a common ground regarding television rights for fights. Broadcast deals are one of the largest revenue streams for sports, who controls them has major implications for how the game is run.
During Ngconde Balfour’s tenure, Ravele’s predecessor, BSA had no control over which matches were televised on the public broadcaster and which were sold to pay television.
When boxing promoters Golden Gloves reached an exclusive deal with satellite service SuperSport to broadcast its fights, BSA could do nothing. Similarly, BSA was powerless when the SABC decided it would no longer televise matches.
At the recent Boxing Indaba, all promoters agreed that BSA could negotiate dates with broadcasters for fights. While it does not solve the problem it is a step in the right direction.
Now, BSA will hold discussions with SABC, SuperSport and e.tv to decide which one will commit to showing live matches. Ravele will also discuss SuperSport’s Golden Gloves deal to see if they are willing to adjust the terms when the contact comes up for renewal. Promoters will then bid to have their fights televised on the dates BSA agrees on. She has also guaranteed smaller promoters, who develop boxing by giving unknown fighters a chance, that they will get their fights on air for a minimum fee.
In this way, Ravele hopes that boxing can reach the masses rather than only be accessible to the elite.
“We want to move away from the monopolies and make sure that we have television channels that give us coverage at prime time, so that we can promote the sport,” says Ravele.
Her reasons for wanting more coverage are two-fold. On the one hand, it will be financially beneficial to BSA and everyone involved in the sport, and on the other, her goal is to restore boxing to the prominence it once enjoyed, in terms of results and among its fans.
“We used to have a lot of world champions and we need to get back to that level. At the moment, we are not there. If you think back to the days when Baby Jake Matlala was in his prime, everybody knew who he was.”
Because of the relative anonymity of IBO super middleweight champions Thomas ‘Tommy Gun’ Oosthuizen and junior lightweight title-holder Kaizer Mabuza, South Africans may see boxing as a sport in decline. That is not the case, of the 122 titles that South African male boxers have won, 32 were earned in the last five years.
What is concerning is that many of these titles are with the smaller federations, Ravele vows to change that. She also hopes that female fighters, who are known almost exclusively as Tenge, can start making headlines. Ravele was part of the committee that paved the way for women to participate in boxing in South Africa. Today, she wants to be the driving force behind making champions of the fairer sex.
“South Africa has not been involved in women’s boxing for that long and because it’s quite new, we need to support female boxers and the set-up they work in. At the moment, there are very few women promoters and trainers and we have to create a system where more of them can come through. I’d like to see more women trainers, especially because they understand the challenges facing women in the sport and they allow women to prepare in way that is comfortable for them,” she says.
But what about the challenges Ravele will face as she aims to lift BSA off the ropes and into the center of the boxing ring?
“I have been in the industry for a long time and the only thing I want is to do my job to the best of my ability.”
While she continues fighting to put boxing back on track, after she ends her tenure with the pugilists, she will concentrate on her business and work as a consultant for various sports federations.
“I think I will enjoy that kind of work because people respect me for who I am. In the early days during meetings, some of the men may have expected me to make tea during the breaks or something like that. I never did that and I never will.”

Men Expect Me To Make Them Tea, I Never Will

East African athletes are renowned for the awards they have collected due to their legs. Ethiopian and Kenyan runners are world-record holders across distances from the marathon to the mere 800 meters. Now, there is another sport for which they are flexing their muscles: cycling.
Rwanda is the unlikely candidate leading the bike boom. Five years after Jonathan ‘Jock’ Boyer – the first American to participate in the Tour de France – set up Team Rwanda, the country sent its first cyclist to the Olympic Games.
Adrien Niyonshuti – a survivor of the genocide that killed six of his brothers and a million other countrymen – rode in the mountain biking event. He was placed 39th of 40 riders, but that hardly mattered because he put Rwandan cycling on the map.
Niyonshuti is now a professional rider contracted to South African team MTN Qhubeka, which competes at events across five continents, including Niyonshuti’s home country in the Tour of Rwanda.
The race is 25 years old and this year, for the first time, it is set to launch a women’s version. Should the plan come to fruition, it will be the first major stage race for women on the African continent.
The wheels to turn cycling from a mode of transport into a competitive sport were put in motion by complete chance. In 2006, Boyer was lured to Rwanda by a childhood friend, Tom Ritchey, a bicycle frame designer and builder, who had traveled to the country. Like many foreigners who came to the country after the genocide, he wanted to serve the people and had a skill that could benefit them.
Ritchey had an association with American businessman Daniel Cooper, who was involved with Starbucks. Rwandans transported their coffee harvest on foot or by single speed Chinese bicycles. Cooper wanted to make the process more efficient. Ritchey designed a special cargo bicycle with an elongated rear to distribute through a non-profit start-up called Project Rwanda.
Their masterpiece was to be unveiled at a rally, the Wooden Bike Classic, which would feature races between cyclists, taxis and motorbikes and, for the first time, a mountain bike race. Niyonshuti, who was 15 at the time, won the climbing event. Boyer was impressed with the teenager’s potential and promised to return, but few believed him.
The following February, true to his word Boyer came back and started recruiting a team. He tested cyclists and selected the top 10 for intensive training. Niyonshuti was among them. A month later, Boyer handpicked him to complete in the Cape Epic, the biggest professional mountain bike event in the world that is held in South Africa. Boyer and Niyonshuti raced as a team and finished 33rd out of a field of 607.
That was how the concept of Team Rwanda took off. The coffee-carrying vehicles formed part of the broader project. They were sold at cost, usually on credit, to vendors, while the professional cycling arm was to make itself financially viable through donations and eventually corporate sponsorship.
Money has dripped in and the aim is to assemble a team that will compete at the Tour de France.
“Everything is progressing towards seeing an all-African team at the Tour de France. It will not be an all-Rwandan team but a team made up of riders throughout the continent,” Kimberly Coats, Team Rwanda’s director of marketing and logistics told Forbes Woman Africa.
“Federations across Africa are getting more involved and putting more money into cycling. What we need most is money, financial support and a commitment to sponsorship from local, national and international companies. The future of cycling is Africa, it’s now time to invest in this continent’s young talent.”
For the same reason, Team Rwanda has not been able to extend itself to women just yet.
“With our limited budget and the lack of races in Africa, we have focused on the men,” says Coats.
But if interest levels are anything to go by, Rwandan women are enthusiastic about cycling despite the difficulties they face in participation.
“Culturally, it’s not like America, where girls grow up playing sports and it’s okay. The girls in Rwanda grow up working in the fields, taking care of numerous siblings, dropping out of school early and then starting a family of their own. Sport isn’t something that they even think about,” says Coats.
Gender inequality affects much of the region and continent. Cast an eye to western Kenya’s Kisumu county, where a hotly-debated law could see women forced to sit sideways on motorcycles and bicycles because it is considered improper for them to straddle.
“Bicycles have brought a culture that is really demeaning to our women,” says Kisumu county assembly member Caroline Owen.
With attitudes like that, it is understandable why women are reluctant to take up sport in some areas, but in Rwanda the trend is catching on. Cricket is played widely, especially at schools. There are 10 institutions with established women’s teams and an inter-school tournament, sponsored by an Indian family, was introduced in February of last year.
Stories like these give hope to Rwandan women cyclists, that soon they too may receive the funding they need to race. They already have the support of the Rwandan Cycling Federation (RCF) and hold monthly races, in which women participate. In November 2011, the runlikeagirl.com blog reported that one of those events drew 84 female participants including Angelique Mukanekezi, who caught the interest of Boyer and Coats. She is part of their training program, which is slowly growing to accommodate women.
In March 2012, the national federation held a 40 kilometer race exclusively for women. Over 100 women took part.
“One of our objectives this year is to develop the sport among women so that we have a national team of women cyclists,” says Emmanuel Murenzi, executive secretary of the RCF.
The country is getting there. Last year, Rwanda sent two women to the Continental Championships in Egypt. The men’s team took bronze in the overall event and the two women finished 8th and 10th in the women’s junior event out of a field of 15. Their progress was hailed by Murenzi, who promised that this year they will up their game even further.
The next and biggest step will be to hold a women’s Tour of Rwanda and Coats sees no reason why that boundary cannot be breached. She also believes in Team Rwanda’s ability to cross borders. They have been asked to expand their project to Ethiopia and Eritrea and if they can find the funding. Soon, the men and women of East Africa will have another discipline to stretch their legs for.

Hope On Two Wheels

Traditionally, women have not been associated with science, mathematics and engineering. Kirsty Chadwick is the antithesis of stereotypes that dictate who techies should be and what they should look like. The 39-year-old New Zealander is the founder and chairperson of The Training Room Online.
The company designs bespoke e-learning platforms for some of South Africa’s biggest private and public sector institutions, such as: FNB, Investec, ABSA, Standard Bank, Nedbank Discovery, PwC, Woolworths and the department of basic education.
Chadwick has a varied career. She was a teacher for three years, after studying towards a bachelor of music at the University of Auckland and receiving a teaching diploma. Relocating to the United Kingdom allowed her to take her first step into the corporate world, where she eventually became a director at mortgage broker Ashley Moore Financial and remained for six years.
In 2004, she moved to Cape Town where she began a call center, which she ran until 2008. The move to the ‘Mother City’ was largely a lifestyle choice that made sense due to the fact that Cape Town is in the same time zone as London, which worked well for her business.
Motivated by the desire to get back into the education space, especially after spotting a gap in the market for training solutions, she founded The Training Room Online in 2008, with seven employees. While Chadwick is passionate about incorporating technology into training, the primary focus of the company is the content that is delivered through an online platform. The technology facilitates learning. It presents an exciting opportunity to bring creativity and human interaction through the use of gamification and animation.
People are central to the creation and development of the technology. Over the last five years, the company has grown tenfold to employ 70 people. Given the shortage of skills required for the technology, content development and instructional design, Chadwick says it cannot grow quickly enough. In the short term, she outsources a number of processes to India. It is merely a stop-gap measure because the quality of the output often leaves much to be desired. To remedy this, her medium- to long-term goal is to develop the Creative Technology Hub that will develop the talent and skills required for this industry. This will contribute to job creation on the continent and will keep content creation on local shores.
Despite the challenges, the company is doing well; it has offices in Cape Town, Johannesburg, London and the Seychelles. Chadwick recently sold 49% of the company to Open Learning Holdings. Despite the strong strategic fit, the move has been one of the most difficult, as she had to deal with bringing new people onboard.
Globally, online training is a multi-billion dollar industry. According to Chadwick, South Africa is well positioned to be a leader in this space, for her it is a destination of choice by virtue of its time zone and the quality of the instructional design. The local market has become increasingly receptive, as they have realized that e-learning goes beyond Powerpoint slides. The industry has grown and she has five other similarly-sized competitors. While many tech companies are moving into the mobile market, she works primarily in the computer and tablet space. But learning via cellphones still has limitations.
Expansion into the rest of the continent is on the cards, with Botswana first in line. In each new market she will employ locals and retain each country’s content production.
For Chadwick, technology is part of the solution to South Africa’s challenges and she is keen to get involved with the education department. She sees an opportunity for a mass-scale e-learning revolution in South Africa. Low-cost, high-quality, centralized learning management systems are key to this revolution that can enhance the performance of pupils and teachers. Across the world, through examples such as the Khan Academy, e-learning has helped students realize their potential and master learning material by allowing them to learn at their own pace. The success of this rollout will be dependent on collaborations and partnerships, to ensure that obstacles such as connectivity and device design are overcome.
If Chadwick’s track record is anything to go by, the future of learning on the continent is optimistic and set to be filled with graduation caps.

The Go-Getter

Many are mesmerized by the flickering night sky that makes Earth minute in comparison. A few may recognize Venus, the morning star, and one or two other planets, but almost all are overcome by acatalepsy – the inability to fully comprehend – when it comes to the vastness of the universe. Perhaps this is why the unknown that confounds us, and simultaneously fascinates, is often accompanied by a deep-seated desire to unfurl mysteries.
Tanja Sund juggles three South African fitness publications, her two-and-a-half-year-old daughter Sienna, the planets, stars and the galaxy’s wonders all in a day’s – and night’s – work. Granted, it is an unusual combination, but this entrepreneur has modelled her business to allow her to work half-days so that she can pursue her passions.
The Astrophotographer As An Entrepreneur
Sund studied graphic design and animation at art school in Johannesburg. She ran her own design firm and did a lot of freelance agency work, before she met her fitness trainer, who would later become her husband and today is a close friend and business partner.
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“Business made a lot of sense to me, so we decided that we wanted to work together and there wasn’t a publication in SA for that niche… So the natural progression was because of my business sense and his passion for it, we were able to pull the magazine titles together.”
It would not have been possible without the sacrifice of their weekends, holidays, social lives, and many a sunset and sunrise at the office. But it paid off.
“Because I am a business owner it’s not just a position [that of editor] I will give to someone. I don’t think I’ll find someone who will look after it the way that I do. The whole team has control over the magazine but my function is business management because we have three titles now and we do merchandizing,” says Sund.
Being an entrepreneur has allowed her to free up her time and choose her lifestyle.
“I started hiring the right people for my team and now I have set up a team that is pretty much independent of me, so I can be a complete mom in the afternoons and I can do my own things at night and I have the freedom to travel.”
Sund attributes her business prowess to The 4-hour Work Week by Tim Ferriss.
“A lot of people do the normal 8-5 and get stuck in traffic for two hours a day and they don’t do the things they love, they do things because they have to get them done, but the thing is it’s all about the mindset,” she says.
The business owner and fitness fanatic shines when she compares life to a gym workout.
“It’s like gym, with anything in life, you don’t find the time, you make the time. You’re not going to get stuff served on a platter and everyone is going to dream ‘Oh, this would be so nice,’ well work for it, the only person who is going to give it to you, is you.”
She finds herself applying many of the skills she utilizes in publishing to her astrophotography.
“It’s a very deep rabbit hole but start somewhere and as soon as you get involved and see the possibilities, it opens up a whole new world. I like technical challenges and that’s why this mergers passion with the intellectual side of problem solving, astronomy and art,” says Sund.
The Entrepreneur As An Astrophotographer
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“It started with my dad, we borrowed a Dobsonian telescope from a friend of his. It didn’t even have a stand, so we used to rest it on our braai [barbeque]. I remember many cold winter nights… With Haley’s comment, he woke me up in the middle of the night and carried me out of bed,” says Sund.
An early childhood fascination in astronomy led to hours of watching Yoda and peering, with one eye shut and draped in blankets, through telescopes.
“I was a Star Wars fan, growing up I watched it repeatedly. Just the whole concept of interstellar travel and other galaxies, life and adventure [intrigued me].”
Astrotanja – as she is known in the online astrophotography community to fellow purveyors of the night sky – bought her first telescope, a Bushnell reflector sonutonian 3-inch, in 2007. Since then, her evenings, weekends and vacations are planned around the heavens. She has already photographed deep space from Africa, North America and Europe, and in late 2013 traveled to Iceland to photograph the Northern Lights. Astrophotography became her “professional hobby”, as she calls it, in early 2012.
“I know of three other female [astrophotographers in the world]. I’m sure there are more females out there but they are not very active online,” she says.
She is yet to meet, even virtually, another female, African astrophotographer. They seem to be as rare as alien sightings, which is one of the most common questions she is asked.
“I believe that there is life elsewhere, I don’t know if it’s intelligent life but honestly if I was an alien, I wouldn’t want to come to earth, I don’t think our civilization is advanced enough. Being of a superior intelligence, being able to travel through space, they should know that if they reveal themselves to us there will be anarchy. Just leave Earth alone. But I definitely think that there is other microbial and non-intelligent life out there, the universe is just too big. If you think about evolution or the age of man, we’ve only been here for such a short time of Earth’s lifespan, dinosaurs have come and gone, so exactly the same may have happened elsewhere, where there may have been intelligent life that may have been destroyed. I think it’s very narrow-minded to think that we’re the only living creatures, look at how many billions of stars are in our galaxy and then there are billions of galaxies out there. We’re not that unique.”
The curious often ask her if she has managed to photograph a UFO.
“I’ve seen one weird thing but I’m not sure if it was a UFO. I have to think about this intelligently. I’m sure it was Chinese lanterns but it was like the three-point that a lot of people describe and they move together. I ran into my home to get my camera but then they weren’t there anymore,” she says.
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Aliens or no aliens, Sund’s greatest love is deep sky photography because it is all about the editing technique and stacking principle. She has learnt to see the potential of a photograph in its pixels, long before she has edited or stacked it. Sund prefers deep sky photography to star trails – those long-exposure photographs that illustrate the apparent movement of the stars, which is actually due to the Earth’s rotation – as it is more challenging.
Her best advice to aspiring astrophotographers is: “As with anything, if you’re passionate about it, if you’re persistent and you just educate yourself, and the education is out there, [you can do it]. Everything I do in my life is like that: I let my passion drive me.”
But astrophotography will never be her full-time job because, in her opinion, relying on it financially will kill the passion. Sund has already presented workshops at Africa’s biggest photography expo that is held annually in Johannesburg, but that is as far as it goes.
“I’m not interested in that because financially I make more money with my publication, so why would I work hard to free up my time only to fill it in?”
By using her background in publishing, she hopes to write a beginner’s guidebook to astrophotography and sell her photographs through an online gallery.
While her head may be in the stars, this entrepreneur’s feet are firmly on the ground.

The Star Chaser

The end of last year saw a mix of patrons, celebrities and fashion professionals from around the world descended on upscale Victoria Island for the GTB Lagos Fashion and Design Week 2013 (LFDW). In the front row were the founders of luxury retailers Luisa via Roma (Andrea Panconesi) and Browns (Joan Burstein), buyers from Bergdorf Goodman and Barneys, and publications including ELLE, Paper and Grazia. All were there to view collections by some of Nigeria’s most talented designers such as Maki Oh, Jewel by Lisa, Iconic Invanity and Tiffany Amber.
This event is not a first. Suzy Menkes, fashion editor of the International Herald Tribune, attended LFDW 2012 and declared: “The time for Nigeria is now. The development of a middle class means that a larger number of people are able to upgrade from basic necessities to luxury brands.”
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British luxury department store Selfridges also sent a delegation and hosted the Nigerian fashion pop up, Ndani, in association with LFDW founder Omoyemi Akerele. In her words: “The fashion industry is very much in its infancy here. Ndani gave the designers more exposure abroad, that way they will be better appreciated locally.” The lawyer-turned-fashion consultant established LFDW in 2011 and is riding the crest of the ever-rising wave of interest in Nigeria’s fashion industry.
So why all the buzz? Nigeria has one of the highest growth potential economies in Africa. With a population of nearly 170 million and its youthful inhabitants enjoying rapidly rising discretionary incomes, it should not come as a surprise that there is a large market for fashion. Nigeria’s apparel market is estimated to be worth over $7 billion according to Euromonitor, and it has been growing at 13% per annum. However, many wealthy Nigerians still tend to shop overseas for their apparel needs. Global Blue reported that Nigerians ranked third, ahead of Americans, but are behind Middle Easterners and Chinese in apparel retail spending in the United Kingdom.
There are also many other challenges facing local designers. They struggle with a lack of manufacturing facilities, inadequate infrastructure, textile import bans and very little governmental support. Most find it difficult to produce a consistent product of high standards within the timeframe and price range required to fulfill significant overseas orders. However, some have proven to be up to the task and are quickly developing a name abroad.
“There is a lack of skilled labor, general mediocrity and often a lack of appreciation of our tradition and culture,” says Maki Osakwe, the young designer behind Maki Oh. The label has captured the attention of celebrities like Solange Knowles, Leelee Sobieski and Michelle Obama.
“I am true to myself and am always striving towards perfection while keeping my heritage alive,” she continues.
Her designs are stocked at Maryam Nassir Zadeh, a New York City-based emporium. The local landscape is changing rapidly and there has certainly been an influx of international fashion brands coming into Nigerian malls, a boon to the country’s burgeoning marketplace. Euromonitor estimates that the number of international retailers opening outlets in Nigeria is growing at 36% a year and apparel is one of the leading categories. Lagos has seen the opening of high-end stores Ermenegildo Zegna, Hugo Boss, MAC and mid-range apparel players such as Foschini as well as mass-market chain outlets like Mr. Price. The much-anticipated Alara, Nigeria’s first concept store, opened its doors in late 2013. Designed by critically-acclaimed architect David Adjaye, the store changed the face of retail in Nigeria by bringing authenticity and world-class aesthetics.
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E-commerce is another way many are overcoming the real estate and infrastructure restrictions in the country. There are new online retail models tailored to the environment. Internet retailers Konga and Jumia offer payment on delivery options, since most Nigerians are still skeptical about paying online. Additionally, 5th and Quansah, a luxury apparel and accessory e-tailer, offers personal shopping and styling appointments in Lagos.
“Aside from economic growth, what fascinates people are the colors, textures and newness of the collections shown in Nigeria,” says 5th and Quansah founder, Nana Serwah Kankam about international interest in the Nigerian fashion industry.
“Nigerian women are stylish and trendy, proudly owning their own perspective on fashion. I don’t think you see this so often in the world. They are well aware of the global trends, confidently weaving them in with local influence.”
The apparel value chain is quickly developing and the future of Nigerian fashion seems to be very bright. With thoughtful government policies to support investment in the sector, perhaps the country will see indigenous fashion businesses serving the population and maybe even a Mercedes-Benz-sponsored Nigerian fashion week in the not too distant future.

Nigerian Fashion Is Flying

It’s February 2014. The New Year is already distant. The overcrowded yoga studio is thinning out as the New Year’s resolutions fade. I like more space but I don’t like what it means in terms of women letting go of their resolve to take better care of themselves this year.
Sometimes I draw a Wheel of Life with clients and ask them to place descriptors on the spokes for the different roles in their lives. They generally easily combine their professional and personal selves: executive, mother, spouse, member of professional body, MBA student, extended family member, board director, church committee and so on. I ask them to rate, from one to 10, how important each role is – marking the spoke with a colored pen. Using a second color, they rate the effort they dedicate to each role. With the third colored pen they rate their level of satisfaction. Together we consider the alignment and discord, and the changes that are needed.
There’s often one role missing. My clients stare at their wheel, puzzled. “What about the role of self-care?”  I ask rhetorically. Without self-care every other role may be jeopardized. It is extraordinary how many people relegate and neglect self-care. Steven Covey’s concept of being “properly selfish” needs more advocacy. I admire the women I’ve had the privilege to work with for over a decade but I often fear for them. They are outstanding achievers but at what cost to their long-term selves?
Whilst this column was named Headspace, I aspire to work with clients on the connectivity between our headspace, emotions, body fitness and energy. I’m increasingly respectful of the power of breath. It seems like the simplest thing – breathing. We’ve done it since the day we were born. Yet breathing consciously can contribute to our ability to create different choices and outcomes for ourselves.
As CEO of the Land Bank my medical check-up revealed high blood pressure and the blood analysis indicated high levels of cortisol – another indicator of stress. I spent 10 years on chronic medication. Then I read that one of the beneficial effects of meditation is improved blood pressure. My meditation breathing has been one of my best investments and I’ve had four drug-free years.
“So how have things gone since our last session?” The client gives me an update and the very recall of the events spark a panic attack. I’m able to draw on my training on breathing for relaxation to assist my client to recalibrate and regain their equilibrium. Another client is battling with insomnia – again certain breathing exercises can induce sleep and act as an effective alternative to slipping pills and their possible side effects.
My favorite easy breathing tool is one that I often teach clients, both individuals and teams, to use when they need to interrupt a burst of anger that might otherwise lead to behavior they will later regret. It’s aptly named S.T.O.P.
Imagine the traffic light. STOP. On red, take a breath – breathe in for the count of four. On amber, observe and hold your breath for the count of four. Then proceed to green, breathe out for the count of four and repeat. Focusing on the breathing breaks the anger burst in the way that a fuse breaks the electrical circuit when there’s danger of overload.
Another conscious breathing practice includes movement. Perhaps you’ve seen people doing Tai Chi, which resembles slow-motion ballet. Chi or Qi (Mandarin for breath) embodies the concept of vitality and life-force. While western medicine works with two body networks:  blood veins and the nervous system, the Chinese work with a third network, that of meridians. When meridian flows are blocked people experience fatigue in spite of clocking up hours of sleep or cardio training. It’s worth considering learning the body-breathing exercises that stimulate Qi.
I hope I’ve made you curious on two counts. Firstly, to consider what your wheel of life look likes. And secondly, the role that breathing plays in an expanded concept of fitness. Remember that leadership roles are stressful and self-care is paramount.

S.T.O.P.

For all the time executives spend concerned about physical strength and health, when it comes down to it, mental strength can mean even more. Particularly for entrepreneurs, numerous articles talk about critical characteristics of mental strength – tenacity, “grit,” optimism, and an unfailing ability as Forbes contributor David Williams says, to “fail up”.
However, we can also define mental strength by identifying the things mentally strong individuals don’t do. I was impressed by this list compiled by Amy Morin, a psychotherapist and licensed clinical social worker, that she shared in LifeHack. It impressed me enough I’d also like to share her list here along with my thoughts on how each of these items is particularly applicable to entrepreneurs.
<ol>
<li>
<h5>Waste time feeling sorry for themselves.</h5>
</li>
</ol>
You don’t see mentally strong people feeling sorry for their circumstances or dwelling on the way they’ve been mistreated. They have learned to take responsibility for their actions and outcomes, and they have an inherent understanding of the fact that frequently life is not fair. They are able to emerge from trying circumstances with self-awareness and gratitude for the lessons learned. When a situation turns out badly, they respond with phrases such as “Oh, well.” Or perhaps simply, “Next!”
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<li>
<h5>Give away their power.</h5>
</li>
</ol>
Mentally strong people avoid giving others the power to make them feel inferior or bad. They understand they are in control of their actions and emotions. They know their strength is in their ability to manage the way they respond.
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<li>
<h5>Shy away from change.</h5>
</li>
</ol>
Mentally strong people embrace change and they welcome challenge. Their biggest “fear”, if they have one, is not of the unknown, but of becoming complacent and stagnant. An environment of change and even uncertainty can energize a mentally strong person and bring out their best.
<ol start="4">
<li>
<h5>Waste energy on things they can’t control.</h5>
</li>
</ol>
Mentally strong people don’t complain (much) about bad traffic, lost luggage, or especially about other people, as they recognize that all of these factors are generally beyond their control. In a bad situation, they recognize that the one thing they can always control is their own response and attitude, and they use these attributes well.
<ol start="5">
<li>
<h5>Worry about pleasing others.</h5>
</li>
</ol>
Know any people pleasers? Or, conversely, people who go out of their way to dis-please others as a way of reinforcing an image of strength? Neither position is a good one. A mentally strong person strives to be kind and fair and to please others where appropriate, but is unafraid to speak up. They are able to withstand the possibility that someone will get upset and will navigate the situation, wherever possible, with grace.
<ol start="6">
<li>
<h5>Fear taking calculated risks.</h5>
</li>
</ol>
A mentally strong person is willing to take calculated risks. This is a different thing entirely than jumping headlong into foolish risks. But with mental strength, an individual can weigh the risks and benefits thoroughly, and will fully assess the potential downsides and even the worst-case scenarios before they take action.
<ol start="7">
<li>
<h5>Dwell on the past.</h5>
</li>
</ol>
There is strength in acknowledging the past and especially in acknowledging the things learned from past experiences – but a mentally strong person is able to avoid miring their mental energy in past disappointments or in fantasies of the “glory days” gone by. They invest the majority of their energy in creating an optimal present and future.
<ol start="8">
<li>
<h5>Make the same mistakes over and over.</h5>
</li>
</ol>
We all know the definition of insanity, right? It’s when we take the same actions again and again while hoping for a different and better outcome than we’ve gotten before. A mentally strong person accepts full responsibility for past behavior and is willing to learn from mistakes. Research shows that the ability to be self-reflective in an accurate and productive way is one of the greatest strengths of spectacularly successful executives and entrepreneurs.
<ol start="9">
<li>
<h5>Resent other people’s success.</h5>
</li>
</ol>
It takes strength of character to feel genuine joy and excitement for other people’s success. Mentally strong people have this ability. They don’t become jealous or resentful when others succeed (although they may take close notes on what the individual did well). They are willing to work hard for their own chances at success, without relying on shortcuts.
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<ol start="10">
<li>
<h5>Give up after failure.</h5>
</li>
</ol>
Every failure is a chance to improve. Even the greatest entrepreneurs are willing to admit that their early efforts invariably brought many failures. Mentally strong people are willing to fail again and again, if necessary, as long as the learning experience from every “failure” can bring them closer to their ultimate goals.
<ol start="11">
<li>
<h5>Fear alone time.</h5>
</li>
</ol>
Mentally strong people enjoy and even treasure the time they spend alone. They use their downtime to reflect, to plan, and to be productive. Most importantly, they don’t depend on others to shore up their happiness and moods. They can be happy with others, and they can also be happy alone.
<ol start="12">
<li>
<h5>Feel the world owes them anything.</h5>
</li>
</ol>
Particularly in the current economy, executives and employees at every level are gaining the realization that the world does not owe them a salary, a benefits package and a comfortable life, regardless of their preparation and schooling. Mentally strong people enter the world prepared to work and succeed on their merits, at every stage of the game.
<ol start="13">
<li>
<h5>Expect immediate results.</h5>
</li>
</ol>
Whether it’s a workout plan, a nutritional regimen, or starting a business, mentally strong people are “in it for the long haul”. They know better than to expect immediate results. They apply their energy and time in measured doses and they celebrate each milestone and increment of success on the way. They have “staying power”. And they understand that genuine changes take time. Do you have mental strength? Are there elements on this list you need more of? With thanks to Amy Morin, I would like to reinforce my own abilities further in each of these areas today. How about you?

Mentally Strong People : The 13 Things They Avoid

Consumer services and industries are overtaking resource extraction as the most attractive investment area in Africa, a trend that is being overlooked by many global investors.
According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), consumer spending amounted to $680 billion in 2008 – up from $150 million in 2000 – and comprising nearly a quarter of the continent’s gross domestic product. It is set to nearly quadruple to $2.2 trillion by 2030, with sub-Saharan Africa making up the lion’s share of spending.
This puts the region on course to become the world’s fastest-growing consumer market over the next two decades, says UK-based research company Capital Economics. Spending will be driven by the continent’s rapid population growth, rising real incomes, increased urbanization and better access to financial services.
Africa’s population is currently estimated at one billion and is expected to more than double to 2.4 billion by 2050, making it bigger than India and China combined. The key question is whether the continent’s strong pace of economic growth and development can create the employment and living standards necessary to support the anticipated surge in consumer demand. So far, the omens are good.
The AfDB believes that Africa’s middle class – those earning between $2 and $20 a day – will climb to 1.1 billion, or 42% of the population, by 2060. That compares to 350 million, or 34%, at present.
“Consumerism in Africa is a really big opportunity over the medium – to long-term – there are lots of people looking to buy lots of things. Huge parts of Africa are under-represented in terms of daily items – this is underplayed to some extent,” says Simon Venables, deals leader for Africa at PricewaterhouseCoopers.
Nonetheless, rapid growth of investment into consumer products and industries on the continent has already begun, according to Ernst &amp; Young (EY). In 2007, extractive industries represented 8% of foreign direct investment (FDI) projects and 26% of capital invested in Africa; in 2012, it was only 2% of projects and 12% of capital – despite the booming oil and gas sectors.
In comparison, services accounted for 70% of projects in 2012, up from 45% in 2007, while manufacturing activities accounted for 43% of capital invested in 2012, up from 22% in 2007. In an EY survey of 500 business leaders last year, mining and metals was still perceived as the sector with the highest growth potential in Africa, but the number who believe this, dropped to 26% from 38%. In contrast, interest in African infrastructure projects is increasing rapidly, with 21% of respondents identifying this as a growth sector versus 14% in 2012 and only 4% in 2011.
“These changing perceptions of relative sector attractiveness in Africa reflect the changing fundamentals of many African economies,” says Mark Otty, EY’s area managing partner for Europe, the Middle East, India and Africa. This included “the diversification of sources of growth – the increasing contribution of services and the growing consumer class – and of the actual FDI flowing into these economies.”
Overall, Africa’s appeal as an investment destination has been growing in recent years, in step with its average annual pace of growth of 5% during the past decade. FDI flows to Africa increased by 5% to $50 billion in 2012, while global FDI fell by 18%, according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. The global financial crisis placed the continent on investors’ radar screens as its economic performance outshone many other global regions.
Global consultancy firms such as PwC, EY and KPMG have all reported a significant increase in enquiries about Africa’s investment potential in the past year.
KPMG Africa chairman Yunus Suleman says that telecommunications remains a big growth area as the continent still has the lowest teledensity rate. Financial services offer another opportunity – there are four bank branches per 100,000 people on the continent compared with up to 18 in other emerging regions. Health care is attractive, as is agriculture, since the continent has 60% of the world’s unused arable land.
Africa’s poor infrastructure is both a challenge and an opportunity for investment – the AfDB estimates that it needs $93 billion a year, mainly in transport and power generation. This has already taken off. In 2012 there were 800 infrastructure projects worth an estimated $700 billion in Africa.
Nonetheless there are other big barriers to investment on the continent, with negative perceptions still globally entrenched. The EY survey showed that 86% of businesses in Africa rate the continent as the second most attractive regional destination after Asia, while those with no business presence rank Africa as the least attractive.
“We are seeing some realism creeping in but distant and uninformed investors with no knowledge of emerging markets will find it difficult to get the risk/reward balance right,” says Venables.

More Middle Class Means Money

Tis the season to reconsider one’s investment portfolio for 2014. It is advisable to use a top-down approach by assessing the leading markets and then looking at emerging markets.
Most economists believe that there will be upside surprises, especially in the United States, but also in Germany and China. According to Nariman Behravesh, chief economist at IHS Global Insight, a global economic research firm, American consumers are feeling more upbeat.
“A lot of the unpleasant news is off the front page, like the government shutdown – and gasoline prices are down. The job situation is improving.&#8221; He provided a good holiday season that would build momentum going into 2014” he said. To back his theory, the Commerce Department reported that November retail sales rose by 0.7%, the biggest gain in five months. In conjunction with a revised stronger number for October, Americans had a strong start to the holiday shopping season. Some economists even upgraded their Q4 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) outlook based on the November retail sales number; Barclays raised its Q4 forecast to 2.2% from 2% and J.P. Morgan raised it to 2% from 1.5%. Consumer spending, or consumer sentiment, is the largest part of aggregate demand at the macroeconomic level. The attitudes of households towards the economy is a strong component of consumer spending. If consumers’ attitudes regarding the state of the economy is negative, they refrain from spending. Alternatively, if the state of the economy is good, people spend and invest with confidence, which makes consumer sentiment and spending a powerful predictor of the economy.
The next question is whether the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) will taper? With the October government shutdown – where 800,000 FRB employees were told to stay at home because Congress failed to enact legislation appropriating funds for the 2014 fiscal year – a median of 40 responses in a Bloomberg News Survey of economists believe that the FRB will delay the first reduction in its bond purchases until March 2014. Because the government shutdown slowed Q4 growth and interrupted the flow of data, policymakers will pare the monthly pace of asset buying to $70 billion from $85 billion at their March 18-19 meeting. The US government has been trying to stimulate their economy through a bond-buying program known as quantitative easing (QE). This occurs when the Federal or any central bank creates money by buying bonds or other financial assets from banks. In turn, the banks then have more money available to lend. Higher loan growth makes it easier to finance projects in which people work, thereby helping the economy to grow.
The first program of QE saw the US government inject $600 billion into their economy. In total, the FRB bought more than $2 trillion treasury bonds and mortgage-backed securities, which is nearly 10 times the annual rate of bond purchases during the previous decade. In 2012, the stock of bonds on the FRB’s balance sheet rose more than 20%.
Quantitative easing was not intended to last forever. However, Ben Bernanke, former chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank, stated that the flow of purchases will depend on the incoming data and the assessment of how the labor market and inflation is evolving in the US. Therefore, tapering quantitative easing would mean that policymakers are regaining confidence in the US economy. Though bonds sold off sharply in the wake of Bernanke’s first mention of tapering and stocks exhibited higher volatility than previously, tapering will not be an immediate or dramatic event. It is likely to take place over an extended period of time so as to create minimal market disruption. The FRB may pull back slightly if the economy continues to strengthen. It can increase the program again if the economy slows or the financial markets are shaken by an unforeseen crisis. Because the tapering threat has been ongoing for so long, I believe that the markets have now either factored in or discounted that news. Therefore, the market will most likely react marginally upon an initial tapering.
Most economists do not expect interest rates to rise until 2015. The FRB’s policymakers will not raise rates from the current 0%-0.25% range until the unemployment rate falls below 6.5% – so long as inflation is contained. A recent Producer Price Index (PPI) report showed wholesale prices fell 0.1% in November, the third consecutive drop. The PPI is up just 0.7% on a year-on-year basis, while the core rate is up 1.3%. Bernanke would have preferred the rate of inflation to be around 2%, and is hoped that more “monetary accommodation” would push inflation up and the unemployment rate down.
I forecast a stronger dollar. Though it could hurt the US economy as it makes exports more expensive for foreign consumers, it also attracts investors, which is positive for the US economy. A stronger currency will also make it easier for the US to borrow and finance its debt, all other factors being equal.
In Europe, GDP expanded by 0.3% in the first three months of 2013, which signaled the end of the longest contraction in continental Europe in over 40 years. However, unemployment remained at 12.2% in September, which means the region’s faltering economic recovery has yet to be felt in the job market. The Commission said it expected the Eurozone’s GDP to grow by 1.1% in 2014.
“There are increasing signs that the European economy has reached a turning point,” said EU Economic and Monetary Affairs Commissioner Olli Rehn.
With the majority of economists forecasting a positive change in market sentiment in leading economies, due to progressive improvement in economic data, this is bound to build momentum in the emerging markets, which will export more into the US and Europe. Africa’s stock markets should gain upside momentum in 2014 as economies steadily improve.

Where The Money Is Going In 2014

It is a Saturday afternoon and like many other shopping malls, this Johannesburg center is thronged with people running errands and lugging shopping bags. Escalators and elevators are full. At the tills bored tellers ring up purchases as snaking queues of customers wait their turn, while others push packed trollies through chaotic aisles.
One would be forgiven for mistaking this scene for the Christmas rush, except that this is a weekend in mid-January. The number of shopping malls mushrooming around the country and the expansion of shopping centers cannot keep up with South Africa’s insatiable consumer culture. Shopping has gone from being a fun to an arduous and time-consuming task. It is no surprise then, that 2013 saw the largest increase in online shopping. This trend is bound to continue in 2014.
“It’s true that e-commerce in South Africa is booming and it’s incredibly exciting to be part of this adventure, which is partly what drove me to relocate from Germany: the opportunity to be part of this evolution,” says Kalahari.com’s new CEO, Caren Genthner-Kappesz, who relocated to Cape Town last year to head up the online retailer.
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“There have been a number of new entrants to the market in the last few years, which is fantastic because the more players there are, the more innovation there will be, and the more reasons people will have to enjoy the benefits of shopping online.”
It is hard to believe that before 1999, the word Kalahari meant the desert located in the west of Southern Africa. Today, the word lends itself to a pioneer in South African online retail. Last year, the Online Retail Brands Report ranked Kalahari.com as South Africa’s leading online retail brand, ahead of Amazon. That global online giant has aggressively dominated the online retail market in the United States. It is currently establishing its global footprint with localized branches in Europe and South Africa. Kalahari’s timeous delivery and the ease with which online shoppers can order anything from appliances to beauty products, has placed the brand in a strong position, according to Acentric Marketing Research, the agency that compiled the report.
“Kalahari.com has managed to maintain our lead as South Africa’s number one online store, and we believe that the key to doing this is to always keep your customer at the core of your business. We are extremely sensitive to our customer base and utilize various means to maintain open dialogue with them and actively action necessary innovation to improve the kalahari.com experience.”
With nine years of experience as general manager at shopping.com and as a director and general manager for eBay Express, both in Germany, Genthner-Kappesz fine-tuned the customer experience. She has also worked as a chief operations officer at brands4friends, an eBay subsidiary and market leader in flash sales in Germany. Genthner-Kappesz, who holds a PhD in Mathematics, maintains that the human element is what drives Kalahari.com’s success.
“It’s also essential to have the right team, and I’m very proud to say that I believe I am supported by some of the best and brightest available.”
Spurred on by the growing online shopping environment in South Africa, fashion vendor Style36.co.za and online furniture retailer 5rooms.com launched ‘Cyber Monday’ this December, as the festive season shopping frenzy began. The initiative was based on ‘Black Friday’, the day after American Thanksgiving in the United States, when items are marked down to a fraction of their price. With the tagline ‘One Day. One Sale. One Massive Discount’, the South African version was an exclusively online sale that offered discounts of up to 80%.
The inaugural ‘Cyber Monday’ sale was a bold move by the two smaller retailers that became an effective advertising vehicle as more South Africans turn to online shopping. The furniture retailer 5rooms.com had their biggest sale day since the site was launched in 2012, while fashion retailer Style36.co.za saw a record of 100,000 visitors in 24 hours and became one of the most-visited websites in the country on the day.
Despite the boom in online shopping, retailers still face stiff competition from shops and have to be a step ahead.
“At the end of the day retail is retail, and pricing is a key element of that. Obviously online retailers need to plan and negotiate very carefully in order to offer value,” she says.
“We are very big on malls and we like to taste and touch and see and feel. The more you move down in the pyramid the more tactile they are with objects. They’re looking at the stitching on the shoe, they’re feeling the fabric for how thick it is. They’re testing the stitching, they’re yanking and pulling and you can’t do that online. I don’t think that the trust is there yet for online shopping, and that’s understandable because we don’t even trust the stores we’re going into, we’re still inspecting everything very closely,” says Genevieve van Vuuren at the Consumer Insight Agency
The Cape Town-based consumer trends analyst also recalls the challenges faced by a Kenyan client who established an online shoe shop. While the website had a fair share of visits, customers preferred to try on the shoes before buying them. This made the website more of an advertiser than a vendor.
“I think as a culture we’re getting there, especially with electronics and stationery and stuff that you don’t have to try on like clothing,” says van Vuuren.
Building trust and a desire to purchase are key to building an online presence. In aspirational cultures like South Africa, products that consumers can’t purchase in their home country are most popular, but this has its drawbacks.
Kalahari.com has launched a cellphone application that could prevent customers from ever wanting to leave their couches. The Kalahari.com Scan and Shop app allows customers to find the best deals by scanning the barcode of a book, DVD, CD or gadget they’re eyeing out in a shop. The app compares the shop’s price to that of the online retailer’s price. Following in the footsteps of Amazon, Kalahari also offers a mobile shopping app as well as its own e-book reader.
“We believe that mobile internet is really the future in South Africa and we aim to be at the forefront of this. A recent survey of our customer base indicated that over 95% of smartphone users either already use shopping apps or would consider doing so. The development of a proprietary app allows us to deliver a much more sophisticated user experience to the user and also opens up the native technologies of the device to us.”
Since joining Kalahari.com in March last year, Genthner-Kappesz has tried to harness the popularity of mobile internet in South Africa.
Smaller retailers have fewer resources to throw at advertising and consumer innovations rely heavily on word of mouth. My Sister’s Closet is a popular women’s fashion boutique in Johannesburg, owned by sisters Sharna and Louise Darko. The shop carved a niche for itself by offering London’s latest trends to Johannesburg’s fashionistas. Last year, the Darko’s felt that the only way to expand the shop was through cyberspace.
“Going online was a natural progression for us as we were avid online shoppers back home in the UK. That coupled with the emerging global trend of online shopping, we knew South Africa would soon be jumping on the bandwagon. We were already getting requests from our customers to courier items to them if they couldn’t get to the store,” says Sharna Darko.
In February 2013, the sisters launched their e-commerce website. While they entered a market that was already dominated by online clothing fashion stores, such as Zando.com as well as retail giants Mr Price, it was well received. After observing a noticeable dip in their boutique’s foot traffic, they decided to trade solely online from August of that year.
“I think the size of our business works in our favor as we’re able to add that personal touch to our customer service. We also offer exclusivity, as we’re not shifting thousands of units of the same item,” says Sharna Darko.
Many e-commerce websites are reaping the benefits of engaging online with their clientele. My Sister’s Closet actively uses social media platforms, such as Facebook and Twitter, to communicate with their customers. The online fashion retailer also sponsors the wardrobes of popular television presenters. So, if a potential customer liked the kente cloth pencil skirt that they saw on the box, they can tweet the boutique. In minutes they’ll know about the availability of their size and will be directed to the online website – all from the comfort of their lounge. If the skirt is not the right fit, it can be easily returned without the hassle of an in-store exchange or the unforgiving harsh light of a fitting room.
Online retailers still need to build unfaltering consumer trust, as ultimately this will encourage customers to shop from the comfort of their homes rather than the inconvenience of bustling shopping malls. This means no pushing or shoving, no long queues when you have so many other things to do. One thing online retailers are getting right is that the customer’s time is limited.

Online’s Fine, So Manic Malls Decline

Alegion of precocious iPad-toting mini Steve Jobses sit in a circle on the carpet at Little Ashford Preschool (LAP), in Johannesburg. This is South Africa’s first iPad preschool. It is the brainchild of educationalist and parent Jena Mukina. The woman from the Democratic Republic of Congo has a Master&#8217;s in business management from the University of Johannesburg. Her thesis tackled the impact of communication, technology and social media on children’s decision-making processes, so LAP is right up her street.
Thirty-year-old Mukina has led the introduction of cutting-edge technology into the classroom, with the establishment of LAP 2009 in Saxonwold, Johannesburg. Today, the city is home to three such learning institutions. She aims to transform the learning environment through innovation – not only within the pre-school environment but also in higher education.
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Mukina, also a full-time lecturer at her alma mater, was awarded a ‘best lecturer’ and ‘most innovative lecturer’ award in the faculty of management sciences. She struggled to find a preschool for her eldest daughter that met her expectations. At work at the time, her biggest challenge was to encourage her university students to think out of the box. She discovered that the issue was rooted in their foundational education and that the first eight years of a child’s life are the most vital for their future development. Fearing the same fate for her daughter, the hands-on mother began teaching her daughter and the neighbors’ children from home, before she lectured in the afternoon. Her class grew until she could no longer accommodate the children arriving each morning. It was then that Mukina traded the lectern for the ledger and became a business owner.
Being a mother of two has helped her learn to multitask and prioritize duties in her business, That means play time is play time, work time is work time and of course holiday time means no interviews for FORBES WOMAN AFRICA, she teases.
Educationalist Sir Ken Robinson dispels the myth that intelligence can only be measured through the one-dimensional lens of academia. Physical and emotional intelligence are equally important in the spectrum of human competency. Mukina’s preschool belongs to a new tradition that follows this philosophy. It was initially modeled on  Les Biboux, a progressive preschool in Brussels, Belgium. LAP has since come into its own by using Montessori best practice to nurture creativity, self-expression, individuality and confidence-building in children, in a playful environment. The curriculum encourages problem-solving and skills development. The preschool’s director, Marli Hoffman, stresses the importance of balance in the curriculum.
“The iPad is used in addition to, not in place of traditional learning. The children learn by doing,” she says.
The teachers also use the iPads to communicate with the youngsters’ parents, and even take photographs of the learners during the school day.
“All our communication happens via email, so parents have an idea of what their kids do on a daily basis,” says Hoffman.
Understandably, the question of costs is not far from the minds of prospective parents. The school subsidizes the cost of the iPad if it is bought from them. Parents agree that they get value for their money, especially when five-year-old Hlumisa begins teaching the other children at the park about the life cycle of the frog.
These upstart preschools are challenging their well-established competitors that act as gatekeepers into Johannesburg’s best primary schools. But realizing the dream of a world-class preschool has its downsides. As a small business with nearly 180 toddlers to run after and an annual turnover of around R9 million ($825,000), finance and HR have been bugbears.
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Mukina has ambitions to expand across South Africa, especially into Angola and Malawi, but the sensitive nature of early childcare means expansion is slow.
In her sights is a doctorate in education. It will help her influence policy changes to improve the state of education on the continent, where enrolment remains low and quality education is scarce. According to UNESCO, less than 12% of African children have access to early childhood care and education (ECCE), and 43 million school-aged children find themselves outside the formal education system in Sub-Saharan Africa.
“Early education is an essential, if we are going to have a better education system,” she says.
Slowly but surely, African governments have begun to step up efforts to ensure that more children enroll in pre-primary schools. For Mukina the question remains how to expand quality educational services so that they are not confined to pockets of Africa’s biggest cities.
If Mukina’s ambitions are anything to go by, we have reason to be optimistic about the future of Africa’s youth.

Pencil, Eraser, iPad

Renewable energy has been a hot topic in Africa recently. The increased need to curb coal reliance for energy production has resulted in governments – such as South Africa, Nigeria and Ghana – developing more sustainable energy solutions for the continent.
A worrying reality is that power outages have an impact on the performances of the continent’s economies and might drive away potential foreign investors.
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Off the grid power production has not only been influenced by the need to decrease the reliance on coal, but most importantly carbon dioxide omissions.
Renewable energy is the new gem of Africa. With a favorable climate on the continent, renewable energy has rapidly transformed from being a mere imperative to a lucrative, investment-attracting industry that is growing.
While most energy production on the continent has been state-owned, a brewing phenomenon has been the growth of Independent Power Producers (IPPs).
Female participation within the continent’s renewable energy space is a rarity that is being addressed by governments and policymakers. In South Africa, the department of energy has included the need to incorporate women-owned enterprises in the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP).
With the recent completion of the third bidding rounds of REIPPPP, 17 renewable projects have been awarded to preferred bidders. The estimated deal value for the third round of bidding is said to be around R33.8 billion ($3.1 billion)
One of the successful bidders has been DLO Energy Resources – an energy investment and advisory firm owned by South African entrepreneur Linda Olagunju. Through the Longyuan Mulilo Maanhaarberg consortium and the Longyuan Mulilo De Aar 2 North Wind Facility consortium, the combined capacity of both projects is estimated to be 244MW.
No stranger to sizable deals, this 30-year-old attorney with specialization in energy and project finance was part of the team at Dewey &amp; Leboeuf LPP – now Baker McKenzie – that advised on key transactions in the African energy sector, including Eskom’s $250 million bank loan for its renewable energy projects. Olagunju is also the founder of the Renewable Energy Forum South Africa – a platform that congregates renewable energy players and decision makers within the private and public sectors to engage on key issues affecting the continent’s renewable energy industry.
“Growing up in rural Eastern Cape, prior to the electrification process, therefore having lived and experienced the absence of electricity, I grew up reading about the continent’s vast oil and gas resources and could not understand why countries with an abundance of resources still remained impoverished. Primarily I wanted a further understanding of this, but most importantly to contribute towards making sustainable changes,” says Olagunju.
After being awarded a scholarship to the University of Aberdeen, Olagunju completed her masters in law with a focus on oil and gas law. During this period, she was brought onto a renewable energy organization that was tasked to develop Aberdeen’s first offshore wind farm. It was here that she was introduced to the renewable energy space.
“My introduction to renewable energy occurred at the time when South Africa was facing an electricity deficit and an increase in blackouts. On my return, the national regulator of South Africa was still at the stages of establishing a legal regulatory framework in which renewables could form a part of the energy mix through a feed tariff.”
Olagunju’s perfect timing allowed her to play a contributing role towards the development of South Africa’s renewable energy scene. With Africa set to spend over $72 billion a year on infrastructure development over the next decade, of which energy forms a large part, Olagunju believes that there is still a void within the industry that needs to be filled when it comes to female participation.
“Government is playing an adequate role in ensuring female inclusion, especially in sizable transactions. I do, however, think that the private sector needs to play a bigger role in ensuring that the objectives of female involvement are actually met through ensuring the real involvement of female-owned enterprises and skills transfer,” she says.
With a large part of South Africa’s economy heavily reliant on the mining sector – the biggest electricity consumer – the renewable energy IPP Programme has allowed for the diversification of the country’s energy mix, by integrating renewables into the Integrated Resource Plan. Another benefit of renewable energy projects is the shorter construction turnaround time and connection period, which makes them a favorable solution to address the energy deficit.
International energy companies – mainly from Asia, Europe and the United States – have also been involved in renewable energy projects in Africa. The bidding process in South Africa requires that projects are at least 40% owned by South African companies – a necessary pre-requisite to ensure the sustainability of the projects post-construction and connection. Olagunju believes that there is still a great need for African-owned companies to start investing in such projects to ensure further economic development within the continent.
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“Nigeria has done very well in creating local ownership within the oil and gas sector and it would be great to see some of those companies taking up equity in the renewable energy projects that are in progress. I am a firm believer in inter-African trade and investment and certainly this process provides a platform.”
Olagunju believes that strategic partnerships are the perfect recipe for guaranteed development within any industry, especially in energy.
“It is important to have partners with the right mix of skills in order to grow. It is just as important to align oneself with partners that can facilitate an expansion strategy. In the context of REIPPPP, we have seen companies that have aligned themselves with strong international partners with a solid balance sheet, they have been able to achieve better tariffs,” says Olagunju.
With the on-going transformation of Africa’s energy sector – the privatization of Nigeria’s power sector and South Africa creating a platform for large-scale procurement from independent power producers – renewable energy has been a priority within these agendas.
Other recent developments include: Namibia working on the development of three solar PV plants, Zambia’s Request for Proposal (RFP) for the provision of solar power in the country’s mining region, and Ghana announcing the construction of the largest solar park in Sub-Saharan Africa with the development of UK-based blue energy.
“This [solar] park boasts approximately 155MW capacity and is geared to supply much-needed power to the ECOWAS region. Countries such as Kenya, Angola and Mozambique in their embracing of renewable energy is a clear indication that the continent is slowly moving away from being subsistent to being self-reliant and responsible for its own development, which is a great thing.”
2012 saw Olagunju launch the inaugural Renewable Energy Forum South Africa (REFSA) – a Pan-African conference in which players within the renewable energy space can engage in dialogue and find solutions to challenges faced by the industry.
“The reason why I created REFSA was because I felt that developers and other key stakeholders needed a platform to discuss the sector and issues affecting the sector while sharing ideas,” she says.
It is through platforms such as the REFSA conference that the seeds for intercontinental transactions can be planted.
“For the upcoming 2014 conference, which will be held in March, there will be representatives from Nigeria, Ghana, Mozambique, Angola, Zambia, Kenya and South Africa. What is expected from this conference is the exchange of ideas and insight sharing on the South African bidding process from law firms, such as Norton Rose Fulbright and Webber Wentzel, as well as funding advice from advisory firms such as Fieldstone. Coupled with snapshots into key projects that are out in the market and how one can access such opportunities.”
When it comes to the future of renewable energy on the continent, the road ahead will be a long, arduous and expensive one, but with dedicated individuals like Olagunju driving REFSA the rewards will be priceless.

Shedding Light  On Renewable Energy

By 1993, Uganda’s economic indicators were a far cry from what they are today. The East African state was, by then, just emerging from a string of civil wars. The infrastructure lay in ruins and unemployment was startlingly high. The banking sector was one of the few that offered enviable job opportunities. But here was Regina Mukiibi Mugongo, who had diligently worked with the now defunct Uganda Commercial Bank for 15 years, desperate to throw in the towel so as to become an entrepreneur.
Mukiibi rose through the ranks from a banking assistant to an accountant. She sought early retirement to enter into the travel business. But her request was turned down by her employers, who increased her salary, for they thought it was all about the money. Barely a year later, they learned that they were wrong when she submitted a second retirement request, this one was granted.
Mukiibi joined her brother’s travel bureau and it was on one of her numerous trips abroad that she discovered a business idea that would see her forge a new way.
“It was during these many trips to Europe that me and my brother [Frederick Katamba Mukiibi] thought about starting a funeral service company to offer professional send-offs for the deceased, just like we had witnessed,” she recalls.
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Little did she know that it would take years before they would see a cent. In 1994, they registered the Uganda Funeral Services (UFS) and pioneered its service across the African Great Lakes region. It took three years before operations kicked off in 1997, mainly due to differing cultural beliefs and practices within the region. Traditionally, nobody left the responsibility to handle and prepare the dead for burial to people not from the deceased’s clan and family.
“We risked the wrath of society and indeed they called us all sorts of names for our innovation. Most people interpreted our venture as taboo,” says Mukiibi.
Sadly, things would become harder before they became easier. Her brother, who was also a renowned lawyer in Kampala, passed away on a year after the company started operations, leaving her the mantle to carry on with the challenge of undertaking.
“For two months, I didn’t think I would be able to carry forward the business. Society was vehemently against what we had initiated that I even thought about going back to the bank to plead for my former job,” Mukiibi notes.
At the time, the communities around Bweyogerere, a Kampala city suburb on the eastern flank, were up in arms against the new funeral home she had established using part of her retirement package. It was the first of its kind in the country and a cultural shock to most. Nothing seemed to petrify residents more than learning that the funeral parlor was used for the embalmment of bodies, keeping vigil for the deceased and as a preservation room for cadavers.
She sought refuge by joining numerous national investor networks. Besides the support and protection the organizations offered her, they also held several events during which Mukibi created awareness for and marketed her services.
Mukiibi was forced to take on several jobs at no cost for demonstrational purposes and as a survival tactic. It was with relief that Mukiibi learned that similar services were being introduced by the Catholic Church in Uganda. Church leaders gave her hope and counseled her against giving up. When a priest passed on, the church enlisted her services. Soon after, elite citizens and the state also joined her list of clientele, as did foreign embassies in Kampala that need to repatriate bodies of the deceased.
Soon her business took off and she applied for a credit facility from a local commercial bank to boost it. This came easily given her good track record in the banking service. The funds helped her procure a permanent home within the precincts of Kampala.
Today, UFS’s offices are abuzz. Clients are constantly seen walking in and out. On the day that I conduct this interview, six families are processing a dignified goodbye for their departed. Mukiibi juggles between responding to my questions and playing her part as director in approving clients’ paperwork. She has to interrupt our interview to answer a few telephone calls with pathologists, clients and her team. It is then that I reflect on how Mukiibi has successfully transitioned from being a seasoned banker to an individual who stands side-by-side with bereaved families.
“When a departed family member is sent off in a dignified manner, in a way it reduces the trauma and agony that the bereaved family suffers,” she says.
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It was at Salisbury College of Funeral Sciences and Embalming in London that Mukiibi undertook professional training. Today, she is the proud proprietor of the only company in the African Great Lakes region to be a member of the National Funeral Directors Association based in Brookfield, Wisconsin, in the United States. She is also a council member of the International Federation of Thanatologists Association (IFTA) and FIAT-IFTA – the world organization of funeral operators headquartered in the Netherlands.
To date, she has won various international and local accolades in recognition of her outstanding service, the latest being the 2013 Phenomenal Woman of Funeral Services Trailblazer Award, which she picked up from the US-based 100 Black Women of Funeral Service, during their convention in Austin, Texas in October. Other accolades include the Best Ugandan Innovator in the senior category for the year 2004, Best Woman Entrepreneur 2007 and Regional Entrepreneur. She was also recognized as one of the top 50 brands when Uganda celebrated 50 years of independence in 2012.
With a fleet of over 30 hearses and a large team, Mukiibi stands out as a preferred service provider in a field that has since attracted about a dozen similar entities.
An expatriate from Thailand helps make customized coffin designs and other high-end furniture in the carpentry workshop she has established. Because Mukiibi understands the value of skills, she occasionally flies in professionals to train her staff in handling funeral services.
Her venture into neighboring Rwanda was short-lived due to what she describes as “non-commercial viability and unfriendly investment environment”. Regardless, she is happy with the breakthrough made in her home country.
Although in Uganda, like in many other African countries, most people rush into funeral arrangements after losing a person, Mukiibi says there is a growing trend to plan ahead for terminally-ill clients. Others have walked into her office to plan their own funerals. Her business has even transcended religious barriers as she has handled funerals for Muslim clients.
“People come in when they are completely shattered but they leave with a smile. Some have given us awesome gifts in appreciation,” she adds.
Her 10-year goal includes establishing a one-stop funeral center with a well-equipped morgue, modern crematorium, a cemetery and a funeral service institute affiliated to the US-based Mount Aida Funeral Training Institute.
Mukiibi bore the death of her brother and opposition to her business, but from her conviction sprung new life in a services industry that was unexplored in Africa.

From Banker To  The Business Of Burial

Women walk for miles with buckets on their heads to fetch water, as the warm air rustles the leaves of the eucalyptus trees. Children play outside and men work for little or no pay. Here, in the village of Zenebework, Addis Ababa, one of the most impoverished parts of Ethiopia, the people rely on international aid for food and supplies.
“It’s how we lived and how we survived…” says Bethlehem Alemu, founder and CEO of SoleRebels.
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When Alemu was a young girl she was saddened to see her neighbors struggle to make a decent living because of the lack of jobs.
“I don’t like to call people poor. I would call them disadvantaged… if you give opportunities to the poor, they will no longer be poor.”
After university she returned home, determined to create a better life for her community, one that would empower it through its members’ creative skills. With $10,000 and a few employees her dream and artisanal shoe brand began to take shape.
“It has a strong investment on people. It’s not about giving aid but teaching people life skills that will sustain them in the future.”
SoleRebels makes eco-friendly shoes that combine traditional Ethiopian Selate and Barabasso shoes with modern production. The shoes are made from recycled tires and natural fibers. Alemu says that although the market share for green products is small, it opens up a lot of opportunities. However, this requires a lot of marketing.
“We selected shoes because we saw that footwear was an excellent platform to begin to share many of the indigenous, eco-sensible, craft heritage and artisanal talents that we have here in Ethiopia,” she says.
It was a simple idea that turned the company into the first fair trade-certified footwear brand under the World Fair Trade Organization. Over the years SoleRebels has expanded and become the fastest-growing African footwear brand with stores in over 30 countries across the world. It is also the country’s number one exporter to the United States.
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The success of the company has transformed Alemu into one of the most successful businesswomen in the world. She has appeared on the Forbes ‘100 Most Powerful Women in the World’ list and was selected by the World Economic Forum (WEF), as a 2011 Young Global Leader. Last year, she sat alongside Sir Richard Branson, Bob Geldof and Arianna Huffington as one of the councilors at the One Young World (OYW) summit, which was held in Johannesburg, South Africa.
In her address to the youth at OYW, she spoke of the importance of being innovative and how blazing your own path will pave the way for others to follow.
“When I started the business I was afraid because the market was not there&#8230; I didn’t follow anybody’s road. What’s happening in Africa is there is one big road and everybody’s following it.”
One of her biggest challenges was breaking through the mindset of those who believed an African footwear brand would not succeed.
“There are a lot of entrepreneurs in Ethiopia who are doing really well, but they don’t know how to sell their product, how to market it, or how to brand it. It’s not only a problem in Ethiopia, it’s all over Africa.”
Another issue that troubles many female businesswomen is gender inequality. Alemu, fortunately, has never been treated differently or had difficulties because she is a woman.
“I don’t think females should think like a female, they have to see themselves as a person who has a dream and can make their dreams come true. I don’t want to put myself back in that box when I am already out of that box.”
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According to Alemu, the key to a successful business – whether you are in Africa, Europe or America – is to follow the business strategies of successful companies and adjust them to suit your community. The problem for Africans is the disconnect and lack of trading agreements between other countries.
“Whenever people want to start a business, they always look up to somebody and that’s a problem. We don’t ask: ‘how are other companies reaching this point?’ or “how am I going to build that inside my company?’”
As the founder, she has ambitious dreams for her Ethiopian-based company and wants it to become the “Apple of Africa”.
“I am inspired by the founder of Apple, Steve Jobs. I love how he came up with the idea and said I want to have this kind of product next week and then people put it in front of him the next week.”
Looking back, Alemu never thought that the footwear company with the quirky name would become what it is today. She set out to create a business that would allow her to earn an income and better the lives of the people around her, and today she is one of Africa’s most successful female entrepreneurs.
The people of Zenebework, who once felt hopeless, now stand with dignity. It was one small step for Alemu, but one giant leap for Ethiopia.
She just happened to do it in a pair of  SoleRebels.
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