Production studios and fans alike are turning to generative AI tools to make voice actors say things they never said — and their jobs are on the line.



 oice actor Allegra Clark was scrolling through TikTok when she came across a video featuring Beidou, a swashbuckling ship captain from the video game&nbsp;Genshin Impact&nbsp;whom she’d voiced. But Beidou was participating in a sexually suggestive scene and said things that Clark had never recorded, even though the rugged voice sounded exactly like hers. The video’s creator had taken Clark’s voice and cloned it using a generative AI tool called ElevenLabs, and from there, they made her say whatever they wanted.



Clark, who has voiced more than 100 video game characters and dozens of commercials, said she interpreted the video as a joke, but was concerned her client might see it and think she had participated in it — which could be a violation of her contract, she said.



“Not only can this get us into a lot of trouble if people think we said [these things], but it’s also, frankly, very violating to hear yourself speak when it isn’t really you,” she wrote in an email to ElevenLabs that was reviewed by&nbsp;Forbes. She asked the startup to take down the uploaded audio clip and prevent future cloning of her voice, but the company said it hadn’t determined that the clip was made with its technology. It said it would only take immediate action if the clip was “hate speech or defamatory,” and stated it wasn’t responsible for any violation of copyright. The company never followed up or took any action.



“It sucks that we have no personal ownership of our voices. All we can do is kind of wag our finger at the situation,” Clark told&nbsp;Forbes.



In response to questions about Clark’s experience, ElevenLabs cofounder and CEO Mati Staniszewski told&nbsp;Forbes&nbsp;in an email that its users need the “explicit consent” of the person whose voice they are cloning if the content created could be “damaging or libelous.” Months after Clark’s experience, the company launched a “voice captcha” tool that requires people to record a randomly generated word and that voice must match the voice they are trying to clone.



The company, which is valued at about $100 million and backed by Andreessen Horowitz and Google DeepMind cofounder Mustafa Suleyman, is one of the hottest voice AI companies right now. Its technology only requires between 30 seconds to 10 minutes worth of audio to create what sounds like a near-identical replica of someone’s voice. Along with sites like FakeYou and Voice AI, which offer a free library of digital voices, it’s also at the center of generative AI’s impact on voice actors.



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“There’s no legal protection for voice like there is for your face or for your fingerprint.”Jennifer Roberts, voice actor
</blockquote>



Interviews with 10 voice actors revealed an already precarious industry on the brink of widespread change as employers begin to experiment with these text-to-speech tools. One voice actor&nbsp;Forbes&nbsp;spoke to said an employer told her she would not be hired to finish narrating a series of audiobooks the day after it announced a partnership with ElevenLabs, leading her to fear she would be replaced with AI. Another said her employer told her that they wanted to use ElevenLabs’ AI to speed up retake sessions, a standard part of recording audio that voice actors are paid for. When she told her employer she didn’t consent to her voice being uploaded to any AI site, the employer agreed, but she said she hasn&#8217;t been called in to do any retakes.



The community of voice actors first noticed an influx of AI generated voices after Apple Books launched&nbsp;<a href="https://authors.apple.com/support/4519-digital-narration-audiobooks" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">digital narration</a>&nbsp;of audiobooks with a suite of soprano and baritone voices in January 2023, said Tim Friedlander, the president of NAVA. Actors began discovering thousands of audio files of familiar voices being uploaded to various sites mostly by fans, he said. Most recently, famed actor Stephen Fry said that his voice was scraped from his narration of the Harry Potter books and cloned using AI. In a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zZfS8uk70Zc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">talk</a>&nbsp;at CogX festival, Fry said the experience “shocked” him.



In a public&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/u/1/d/1n6KZpcahyckjmzgsH90ghgNs5pcEQ57baavbjAI_ed8/edit#gid=0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">spreadsheet</a>, hundreds of voice actors have requested to have their voices purged from AI voice generators Uberduck and FakeYou.ai, which have said they will take voices down from their sites if the voice’s owner reaches out. While FakeYou.ai still provides thousands of popular voices like those of John Cena and Kanye West that anyone can use, Uberduck removed user-contributed voices from its platform in&nbsp;<a href="https://www.uberduck.ai/post/new-voice-hosting-policy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">July</a>. Uberduck and FakeYou.ai didn’t respond to multiple requests for comment.



One of the voice actors who has publicly requested his voice be removed from voice generators is Jim Cummings, the voice behind characters like Winnie-the-Pooh and Taz from Looney Tunes. He told&nbsp;Forbes&nbsp;he would only agree to users templating his voice if he and his family received royalties for it. “Keep your paws off my voice,” he said.



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-legal-dilemma">A Legal Dilemma</h2>



Like striking film actors, who are sounding the alarm about the coming of AI and how it could affect their jobs, voice actors are on the front lines of technological change. But unlike other creative fields, where&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/cyrusfarivar/2023/09/11/michael-chabon-other-literary-giants-sue-openai-over-alleged-copyright-infringement/?sh=4d2b431e66a4">authors</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theverge.com/2023/1/16/23557098/generative-ai-art-copyright-legal-lawsuit-stable-diffusion-midjourney-deviantart" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">artists</a>&nbsp;are banding together in class-action lawsuits to push back against their copyrighted work being used to train AI models, voice actors are uniquely vulnerable. Even though voices are inherently distinguishable, they aren’t protected as intellectual property. “There’s no legal protection for voice like there is for your face or for your fingerprint,” said Jennifer Roberts, the voice behind several video game characters. “Our hands are tied.”



A recording of a voice, however, can be copyrighted, and according to Jeanne Hamburg, an attorney for law firm Norris McLaughen, using a voice for commercial purposes can be protected by “rights of publicity,” which prevents celebrities&#8217; likenesses from being exploited. That’s in theory, though: Most contracts signed by voice actors don’t stop recordings of their voices from being used to train AI systems. For more than a decade, contracts have stated that producers “own the recording in perpetuity, throughout the known universe, in any technology currently existing or to be developed,&#8221; said Cissy Jones, a voice actor who is part of the founding team at National Association of Voice Actors (NAVA), a newly formed union for voice actors.



Those contracts were largely written and signed before the advent of AI systems. “Voice actors have not provided informed consent to the future use of an audio recording and haven&#8217;t been fairly compensated for it,” said Scott Mortman, an attorney for NAVA. “And so protections need to be strengthened significantly in the wake of AI.”



That’s why NAVA, and the actors union SAG-AFTRA, are working to strike verbiage from&nbsp;<a href="https://navavoices.org/synth-ai/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">contracts</a>&nbsp;that allows employers to use an actor’s voice to create a “digital double,” or “synthesize” their voice through machine learning. The organizations have also developed new boilerplate language to add into contracts that would protect voice actors from losing the rights to their voices.



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-myriad-of-misuses">A Myriad of Misuses</h2>



Like Clark, numerous voice actors have experienced fans manipulating their voices using generative AI tools to create&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ign.com/articles/voice-actors-speak-out-on-nsfw-skyrim-mods-nexus-mods" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">pornographic</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/dy7mww/ai-voice-firm-4chan-celebrity-voices-emma-watson-joe-rogan-elevenlabs" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">racist and violent</a>&nbsp;content. Even when fans use AI voices to create innocuous memes or other kinds of fan content, voice actors have spoken up on social media,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.themarysue.com/voice-actors-dont-want-you-using-ai-to-copy-their-voices/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">forbidding</a>&nbsp;people from fabricating their voices.



NAVA member Jones, whose voice has been featured in Disney shows and Netflix documentaries, found TikTok videos in which fans had used Uberduck to create clones of her voice saying inappropriate things. “Not only is my voice saying something I would never say, that stuff is out there in the world,” Jones told&nbsp;Forbes. “If potential buyers hear our voices saying that, how will that affect my future work?” After she reached out, Uberduck removed her voice from the platform, Jones said.



AI generated voices have also become a new medium for harassment. Abbey Veffer, whose voice has been featured in games like&nbsp;Genshin Impact&nbsp;and&nbsp;The Elder Scrolls, said she was doxed by someone who had created a clone of her voice in February. The person created a Twitter account with her address as the username, generated an AI clone of Veffer’s voice and then made the clone say racist and violent things. The anonymous user directly messaged the recording to Veffer and pinned it at the top of the Twitter account. They claimed to have used ElevenLabs’ technology. The experience, Veffer told&nbsp;Forbes, was “intense” and “very upsetting.”.



But when Veffer reached out to ElevenLabs with her concerns, the company said that the clone was not created using its software and was part of an “organized smear campaign” against the startup, according to messages reviewed by&nbsp;Forbes.&nbsp;Three days after Veffer reached out to Twitter, the account was suspended and the video was taken down but her residential address remained on the site for three months, she said.



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“Controlling how our voice gets used and where it gets used is very important to us.”Tim Friedlander, president of National Association of Voice Actors
</blockquote>



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After ElevenLabs rolled out the beta version of its text-to-speech AI tool in January, the startup&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/elevenlabsio/status/1620032627075063811" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">announced</a>&nbsp;that it was struggling with people misusing its technology. A day later, Vice’s Motherboard&nbsp;<a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/dy7mww/ai-voice-firm-4chan-celebrity-voices-emma-watson-joe-rogan-elevenlabs" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">found</a>&nbsp;that anonymous 4Chan posters used ElevenLabs’ then free cloning tool to generate racist, transphobic and violent remarks with the voices of celebrities like Joe Rogan and Emma Watson.



AI’s ability to closely mimic people’s voices has also created opportunities for scammers. The FTC has issued&nbsp;<a href="https://consumer.ftc.gov/consumer-alerts/2023/03/scammers-use-ai-enhance-their-family-emergency-schemes" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">warnings</a>&nbsp;this year that criminals are using AI voice clones to impersonate loved ones as a way to convince their targets to send them money. One journalist was able to use ElevenLabs’ tool to create an AI-generated version of his voice that&nbsp;<a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/dy7axa/how-i-broke-into-a-bank-account-with-an-ai-generated-voice" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">successfully</a>&nbsp;logged into his own bank account.



ElevenLabs did not comment on any of these specific instances, but CEO Staniszewski said in an email, “If someone is using our tool to clone voices for which they don’t have permission and which contravene fair use cases, we will ban the account and prevent new accounts from being set up with the same details.” Along with a “voice captcha” tool to ensure people have that permission, the company says it has also developed an AI speech classifier that can detect with more than 90% accuracy whether an audio clip that contains AI was made using its tools.



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-consent-and-control">Consent And Control</h2>



In response to misuse, voice generation sites are adding restrictive measures to police their technologies. Speechify, which licenses the voices of celebrity narrators like Snoop Dog and Gwyneth Paltrow (with full permission), doesn’t allow people to upload content to create customized voices without the active participation of the person whose voice they want to use. Similar to ElevenLabs, it presents a unique text that the user, or someone who is physically present with them, has to read aloud in their own voice. “I think it is short sighted to take shortcuts and my goal is to put content owners in the driver&#8217;s seat,” said founder Cliff Weitzman, who first started Speechify to convert his textbooks into audiobooks using machine learning in 2012.



And at Resemble AI, which touts enterprise customers like Netflix and World Bank Group, people can only create a customized AI-generated voice after recording a consent statement in the voice they want to generate. Resemble AI founder and CEO Zohaib Ahmed said that implementing safe ways to deploy the technology has been integral to his startup because he believes the onus of preventing misuse should fall on the vendors making the tools rather than on the end user.



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
“It sucks that we have no personal ownership of our voices.”Allegra Clark, voice actor
</blockquote>



These kinds of verification checks, however, don’t address higher level ethical questions around consent. Actors, for instance, don’t really have control over how their voices will be used posthumously. Voice actors were enraged when&nbsp;<a href="https://www.gamesradar.com/after-backlash-over-using-ai-to-clone-dead-voice-actors-smite-and-paladins-studio-says-it-will-change-its-contract/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">gaming studio</a>&nbsp;Hi-Rez Studios added a clause that would allow it to clone a voice using AI after the owner of the voice died (the clause was removed after the uproar). “If an actor passes away, it’s better to replace them with another human than create some artificial performance because it&#8217;s not them and it doesn&#8217;t bring them back,” said voice actor Clark.



The big concern hovering over all of this is whether there’s a future for voice actors. With employers and fans turning to synthesized voices, many are concerned about finding their next gig or keeping the ones they have. “Controlling how our voice gets used and where it gets used, and how much we&#8217;re paid for that usage is very important to us,” said NAVA’s Friedlander.

Voiceover artist voice actor in vocal recording studio with larg diaphragm microphone and antipop shield.

‘Keep Your Paws Off My Voice’: Voice Actors Worry Generative AI Will Steal Their Livelihoods

In an interview with FORBES AFRICA, Joel Bronkowski, Paystack&#8217;s country lead in South Africa, discusses how the startup has facilitated integration with African regional payment channels, deepened security practices, and attracted top talent, following its acquisition by Stripe in 2020.



Paystack, a Nigerian fintech startup founded by Shola Akinlade and Ezra Olubi, has been making significant strides in the African market since its establishment in 2015. As the first Nigerian startup &nbsp;invited to join the Y Combinator accelerator program, Paystack has expanded its reach, serving over 60,000 businesses across Africa and processing billions of dollars in transactions annually.



In 2020, Paystack made headlines when it was acquired by Stripe, the Irish-American financial services company powering online payments for some of the world’s largest firms. This deal, reportedly valued at over $200 million, stands as the most substantial acquisition of an African startup and represents a pivotal moment for the continent&#8217;s tech ecosystem.



Since the merger with Stripe, what changes have occurred at Paystack? How has this acquisition empowered the startup to enhance its operations, refine its products, and enter new markets? Additionally, what challenges and opportunities lie ahead for Paystack and the broader African fintech sector?



To address these questions, FORBES AFRICA speaks to Joel Bronkowski, Paystack’s country lead in South Africa for insights into how the acquisition has enabled seamless integration with African regional payment channels, bolstered security measures, and attracted top-tier talent to the organization.



Touching on strategies for growth and expansion in African markets, Bronkowski elaborates on Paystack&#8217;s focus on expanding into North Africa and Francophone Africa, while strengthening its existing markets with reliable infrastructure.



“In addition to launching in new countries, we’re also focused on deepening the value we offer in our existing markets,” he says.



“Paystack is licensed in Nigeria, Ghana, South Africa, and Kenya, and we never lose sight of the fact that thousands of businesses rely on us. We invest deeply in infrastructure, and this investment has earned us an unparalleled reputation for high reliability. Overall, we’re excited to explore newer markets while building deeper foundations in our existing ones.”



When addressing unique challenges and opportunities in African markets, Paystack&#8217;s approach, according to Bronkowski, involves extensive collaboration with stakeholders, including merchants, regulators, and ambitious companies, to tailor solutions to each market&#8217;s needs.



To create an omnichannel experience for African merchants, Bronkowski explains Paystack&#8217;s move beyond digital payments, including the introduction of the Paystack Terminal, aimed at unifying online and in-person payment experiences.



In order to adapt to fintech trends, build partnerships, and expand services, Paystack anticipates trends like the shift to bank transfers, and embraces commerce platforms, and plans to introduce innovative products such as an extension to Paystack Terminal and global payment methods like Apple Pay.



“Paystack has invested significantly in building direct integrations with over 40 platforms, which means that merchants who use those tools can immediately begin accepting payments with Paystack. These platforms include general ecommerce solutions like Shopify and WooCommerce, as well as specialized platforms like Commerce7 (for wineries), SiteMinder (for hotels), and Xero (for seamless accounting). We’re constantly investing in building new platform integrations that allow businesses in Africa to have access to these best-in-class tools to grow their businesses,&#8221; he says.



To promote financial inclusion and collaborative growth, Bronkowski outlines Paystack&#8217;s initiatives to incorporate regional payment methods, partner with other African fintechs, and provide resources, discounts, and insights to support startup growth.



“Many consumers across Africa operate outside of traditional bank or card-based payment systems. In recognition of this, Paystack has integrated channels like M-Pesa in Kenya and Mobile Money in Ghana, giving customers who primarily use these channels a chance to engage with the rest of the formal economy,” says Bronkowski.



“By tapping into these regional payment methods, businesses can reach a broad spectrum of users, ensuring that even those without bank accounts can access, transfer, and receive funds on the Paystack platform.”



He adds, “Understanding that it takes more than an API call to build a successful tech startup, we launched Paystack Catalyst – a suite of high-growth tools and resources to help tech startups in Africa scale. We partnered with companies like Stripe, Intercom, and Amazon Web Services (AWS), to offer the Paystack Startup Bundle, which includes discounts on best-in-class tools that startups use in their daily operations. Startups can access perks like $25,000 in free Paystack processing, $25,000 in AWS Activate Credits, 100% off their first year on Intercom, and more to help cut operating costs.”



Showcasing the success stories of African merchants benefiting from Paystack&#8217;s services, Bronkowski shares case studies highlighting how Paystack has positively impacted a variety of businesses, from e-commerce platforms like The Local Edit and healthtech, mPharma to financial services like PiggyVest and the implementation of custom solutions for companies like Burger King and UPS Nigeria.



“We process payments for some of the most ambitious organizations on the continent, from small businesses to tech startups to government agencies to enterprise businesses and global brands,” says Bronkowski.

instagram daily – 2023-10-05T141120.764

Paystack To Focus On Expansion Into North Africa and Francophone Africa And Strengthening Existing Markets

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella said that Microsoft can’t compete with Google and that the search engine’s market share is so large the internet has basically become the “Google web” Monday during more than three-and-a-half hours of testimony in Google’s antitrust trial, according to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/02/technology/microsoft-ceo-testifies-google-search.html?smtyp=cur&amp;smid=tw-nytimes" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">multiple</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/10/02/microsoft-ceo-google-antitrust-trial/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">news</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/microsoft-ceo-testifies-about-limits-of-ai-at-google-antitrust-trial-32d032a9?mod=hp_lead_pos5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">organizations</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h2>



Nadella reportedly testified that Microsoft and Bing, its search engine, was unable to compete with Google because of deals Google has made with partners like Apple and Samsung to make Google the default search engine on their devices and browsers.



Nadella described Google’s deal with Apple in particular as “oligopolistic,” and said the deals in sum amount to a “vicious cycle” for Microsoft, according to reports.



He also said that at one point Microsoft was willing to pay “north of 10 plus billion a year” to convince companies to make Bing the default over Google, but companies wouldn’t give in (equity firm Sanford Bernstein estimated Google is paying Apple $18 billion to $19 billion this year to make Google the default on iPhones and other Apple products, according to the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/10/02/microsoft-ceo-google-antitrust-trial/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Washington Post</a>).



Google’s lawyers continually argued that Microsoft’s lack of ability to compete was because it had an inferior product, not because of the default agreements.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-crucial-quote">CRUCIAL QUOTE</h2>



“The entire notion that users have choice, and they go from one website to another website … is completely bogus,” Nadella testified Monday. “Defaults is the only thing that matters in changing search behavior.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-surprising-fact">SURPRISING FACT</h2>



“Google” is the most searched for word on Bing, John Schmidtlein, Google’s lead litigator, pointed out as he cross-examined Nadella.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">KEY BACKGROUND</h2>



When this trial began earlier this month, it became the biggest antitrust trial in more than two decades. The trial revolves around these agreements Google’s made with Apple, Samsung and other partners. The Department of Justice, which brought the case, argues that they constitute illegal means of creating and maintaining a monopoly. Google has continually argued that it is the default search engine on so many products, as well as most users’ preferred search engine, because it is simply a superior product.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-further-reading">FURTHER READING</h2>



<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/02/technology/microsoft-ceo-testifies-google-search.html?smtyp=cur&amp;smid=tw-nytimes" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Microsoft C.E.O. Testifies That Google’s Power in Search Is Ubiquitous</a>&nbsp;(New York Times)



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<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/10/02/microsoft-ceo-google-antitrust-trial/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Microsoft CEO says Google’s deals with Apple led to its dominance</a>&nbsp;(Washington Post)



<a href="https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/microsoft-ceo-testifies-about-limits-of-ai-at-google-antitrust-trial-32d032a9?mod=hp_lead_pos5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Microsoft CEO Says Google’s Agreements With Apple Unfairly Harmed Bing</a> (Wall Street Journal)

Google Chrome Requests A New Emergency Security Update

The Internet Is Really Just The “Google Web,” Microsoft CEO Says During Google’s Antitrust Trial

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



OpenAI, the artificial intelligence company that created ChatGPT, is in discussions about a potential share sale that would value it at $80 to $90 billion,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/openai-seeks-new-valuation-of-up-to-90-billion-in-sale-of-existing-shares-ed6229e0?mod=e2tw" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">according</a>&nbsp;to the&nbsp;Wall Street Journal—about three times what it was valued in&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/01/05/chatgpt-creator-openai-discussing-offer-valuing-company-at-29-billion-report-says/?sh=62fa761311e0">January</a>, as the AI race heats up.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h2>



It’s expected that the deal will let employees sell their shares, instead of OpenAI issuing new ones, the&nbsp;Journal&nbsp;reported, citing multiple unnamed sources.



A valuation of $80 or $90 billion would make OpenAI—which is privately held—one of the highest valued startups, joining the ranks of TikTok owner ByteDance and SpaceX and surpassing companies like Shein and Canva.



OpenAI is positioned to earn more than $1 billion in revenue over the next year by selling access to a higher-quality version of ChatGPT and the technology behind it, Reuters&nbsp;<a href="https://www.reuters.com/technology/openai-track-generate-more-than-1-bln-revenue-over-12-months-information-2023-08-29/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">reported</a>&nbsp;last month.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-tangent">TANGENT</h2>



OpenAI is backed largely by Microsoft, which owns 49% of the company, according to the&nbsp;Journal. Microsoft&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2023/01/23/chatgpt-parent-open-ai-gets-game-changing-multibillion-dollar-boost-from-microsoft/?sh=4173fcd63c0c">expanded</a>&nbsp;its investment earlier this year when it put billions more into OpenAI, and it has begun integrating the company’s AI technology into its&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/08/technology/microsoft-bing-openai-artificial-intelligence.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bing search engine</a>&nbsp;in a bid to compete with Google.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">KEY BACKGROUND</h2>



ChatGPT—OpenAI’s chief product—launched last November and quickly became one of the most popular artificial intelligence programs. Within a week of its launch, the program attracted one million signed-up users who were able to use it for free while the product was in a “research preview” phase. People can still use ChatGPT for free, but OpenAI also offers ChatGPT+ for a $20 per month subscription fee. Beyond normal access to ChatGPT, subscribers get faster response times, are able to use the service even during peak times and get priority access to new features, according to its&nbsp;<a href="https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt-plus" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">website</a>.



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By signing up, you accept and agree to our&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/terms-and-conditions" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Terms of Service</a>&nbsp;(including the class action waiver and arbitration provisions), and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/privacy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Privacy Statement</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-to-watch-for">WHAT TO WATCH FOR</h2>



OpenAI backer Microsoft isn’t the only major tech company to invest in artificial intelligence. Google <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/anafaguy/2023/03/21/google-releases-bard-ai-chatbot-amid-competition-with-chatgpt/?sh=769740e832b7">launched</a> its Bard AI chatbot earlier this year, and has <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tylerroush/2023/09/19/google-expands-ai-chatbot-bard-to-apps-like-gmail-drive-and-youtube/?sh=594736544905">begun integrating it</a> into services like Gmail and YouTube, while Amazon announced a <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/siladityaray/2023/09/25/amazon-plans-to-invest-up-to-4-billion-in-ai-startup-anthropic/?sh=7408d8aa30e0">$4 billion investment</a> in AI startup Anthropic on Monday.

In this photo illustration a Open AI logo is displayed on a

OpenAI Could Reach Massive $90 Billion Valuation With New Share Sales, Report Says

Cloud-literate employees are increasingly needed across every industry. In an exclusive interview, Amazon Web Services’ commercial sales lead for sub-Saharan Africa tells us how they want to fast-track this objective. And the one area the company is focused on is startups. 



Amazon Web Services (AWS), Amazon’s cloud computing platform, has its eye on Africa. The company recently opened its first international skills center in Cape Town in a strategic move to upskill local cloud talent. Cape Town is not only AWS’ third skill center but the first to be built outside of North America.



“South Africa is a country close and dear to our hearts. It’s where we started our engineering center back in 2004 and our region investments – it has always been our first entry into Africa,” says Amrote Abdella, AWS’ sub-Saharan Africa’s commercial sales lead, in an exclusive interview with FORBES AFRICA.



In 2020, AWS launched the Cape Town region with three local availability zones. “This was when we started to really look at how we could fast-track this cloud transformation that was starting to take off across sub-Saharan Africa,” she says. “In September 2022, we launched our AWS Nigeria local presence… Nigeria now has the largest GDP in Africa and you have to look at the cloud adoption rate and other investments being made into the market. We see an opportunity to not just be a partner, but lead the way in how we’re driving investments into the market.”



The one area AWS is focused on is startups. Africa is home to many thriving fintech startups and the company is looking to grow that number exponentially, recently launching its first, equity-free accelerator. The initial cohort includes startups from Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, Uganda, Cameroon, Egypt and South Africa.



“Innovation is something that despite of the challenges that we’ve had, we’ve had to accelerate on. If you think about fintech and mobile payments and where we are now (and where we have been), the African startups that are really getting traction are the ones addressing real challenges,” she says. About trying to force solutions that work in the western world into African, she adds: “Our realities are different.”



Build locally, export globally



For Abdella, the idea of creating African solutions for African problems works, but it is only the first step. “How about we build locally and export globally?” she asks. “We’re now seeing customers that are not only building solutions with a multicultural presence in Africa, but globally as well.



“By investing in infrastructure, we are making sure we create the platform for innovators and developers to start building. The AWS Skills Centre is the beginning of what it means to be able to provide these tools and services so as Africans, we can start competing but also have access to the opportunities.”



In 2020, Amazon shared the goal that they would help 29 million people worldwide grow their tech skills with free cloud computing skills training by 2025. Since 2017, the cloud giant has trained over 100,000 people in South Africa and are hoping the new skills center will remove barriers to access by offering free and interacting training.



“As an African working in Africa, it’s our responsibility. If not me, it’s you. If not you, then who?” asks Abdella. “If we want to really be able to deliver on Africa’s potential, we have to start with our people. We have to start building capabilities and we have to be able to get to a point, from a competitiveness perspective, deliver African world-class solutions.”

Amrote Abdella; photo by Tiana Cline

‘Deliver African World-Class Solutions’: Amazon’s Cloud Computing Platform On Plans For Continent

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



Spotify will start using artificial intelligence to translate podcasts into other languages, the company announced Monday as part of a partnership with OpenAI, as Spotify becomes the latest to use generative AI for its products.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h2>



Spotify&nbsp;<a href="https://newsroom.spotify.com/2023-09-25/ai-voice-translation-pilot-lex-fridman-dax-shepard-steven-bartlett/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">announced</a>&nbsp;Monday that it is releasing a pilot for its “Voice Translation” feature, which will translate podcasts into other languages that will match the original speaker’s voice and style.



The feature was created in partnership with OpenAI, which&nbsp;<a href="https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt-can-now-see-hear-and-speak" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">announced</a>&nbsp;Monday that it was releasing new “voice and image capabilities” for ChatGPT, allowing users to speak with the AI chatbot with generated “human-like audio from just text and a few seconds of sample speech.”



Spotify’s new feature is based on OpenAI’s voice transcription tool Whisper, which transcribes English speech and translates other languages into English.



The pilot includes three podcast episodes—including the&nbsp;Lex Fridman Podcast,&nbsp;Armchair Expert&nbsp;and&nbsp;The Diary of a CEO with Steven Bartlett—available in Spanish to both subscribed and unsubscribed users, with episodes available in French and German “in the coming days and weeks.”



All translated podcasts will be available in Spotify’s “<a href="https://spoti.fi/VoiceTranslation" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Voice Translations Hub</a>,” which will be updated with additional episodes and podcasts “over the coming weeks and months.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-big-number">BIG NUMBER</h2>



100 million. That’s how many users “regularly” listen to podcasts on Spotify, according to the company.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">KEY BACKGROUND</h2>



Other companies have started to use generative AI for its products in recent months. Meta&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/irenebenedicto/2023/08/02/meta-launches-tool-to-create-music-using-ai-heres-what-to-know/?sh=4eddc404444d">announced</a>&nbsp;earlier this year that it would release AudioCraft, a tool that allows users to create AI-generated music and sounds. The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ft.com/content/6f022306-2f83-4da7-8066-51386e8fe63b?list=intlhomepage" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Financial Times</a>&nbsp;reported in August that Google and Universal Music Group were in discussions over whether to license artists’ melodies and vocals for AI-generated music. Google also&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tylerroush/2023/09/19/google-expands-ai-chatbot-bard-to-apps-like-gmail-drive-and-youtube/?sh=3282847f4905">announced</a>&nbsp;earlier this month that it had integrated its AI chatbot Bard into its other applications, including YouTube, Gmail and Drive. Amid concerns over privacy and safety, OpenAI said it was gradually releasing its image and voice capabilities for ChatGPT, after the company warned the new features could present new risks, including “the potential for malicious actors to impersonate public figures or commit fraud.”



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-further-reading">FURTHER READING</h2>



<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tylerroush/2023/08/08/google-and-universal-music-group-negotiating-ai-generated-music-tool-report-says/?sh=3d4d29cf22e7">Google And Universal Music Group Negotiating AI-Generated Music Tool, Report Says</a>&nbsp;(Forbes)



<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/irenebenedicto/2023/08/02/meta-launches-tool-to-create-music-using-ai-heres-what-to-know/?sh=4eddc404444d">Meta Launches Tool To Create Music Using AI—Here’s What To Know</a> (Forbes)<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tylerroush/"></a>

Photo Logo Illustrations

Spotify Will Translate Podcasts Into Other Languages Using AI

Hydrogen powered fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are extremely rare. BMW plans to bring a small fleet of iX5 Hydrogen cars to South Africa in 2024 to gauge interest with government representatives, thought leaders and potential customers. We got a sneak preview of the car at the IAA Mobility 2023 show in Munich.



The world’s largest hydrogen-powered mining vehicle was launched in South Africa by multi-national mining company Anglo American in 2022. The prototype mine haul hybrid truck uses 2MW of hydrogen fuel cells to carry 290-tonnes, designed specifically for mining conditions at Mogalakwena Mine, the world’s largest platinum mine, in the country’s Limpopo province.



At the launch, President Cyril Ramaphosa called it a historic event not because of the impressive piece of machinery, but for being the “genesis of an entire ecosystem powered by hydrogen”.



“This is a gigantic leap for South Africa’s hydrogen future economy,” said Ramaphosa.



Fast forward to the Festival of Motoring in Johannesburg in August this year, when BMW showcased a unique vehicle flown in from its global fleet: an iX5 Hydrogen vehicle.



The display drew lots of attention from visitors. Peter van Binsbergen, the head of BMW Group South Africa, said there were many discussions locally about just energy transition, and with its trial fleet of the vehicle, it would contribute to the development of the hydrogen economy.



“I feel that a country like South Africa, and indeed a continent like Africa, has the ideal conditions to be a leader in generating green hydrogen for industrial and automotive applications,” said van Binsbergen.



In partnership with the South African government and other entities, Anglo American conducted a hydrogen valley feasibility study to identify three potential hubs in the cities of Johannesburg and Durban, and in Limpopo, to integrate hydrogen into the country’s economy.



It is reportedly estimated that the hydrogen valley concept could add between $4 billion to $9 billion to South Africa’s Gross Domestic Product by 2050 and create between 14,000 to 30,000 direct and indirect jobs per year.



Meanwhile, BMW plans to bring a small fleet of iX5 Hydrogen cars to South Africa in 2024 to gauge interest with government representatives, thought leaders and potential customers.



The German auto maker is due to make an announcement soon regarding an agreement with two large South African multinationals to work together to use hydrogen as an energy source.



Speaking to FORBES AFRICA ahead of the IAA Mobility 2023 show in Munich in September, Dr Jürgen Guldner, general program manager of hydrogen technology at the BMW Group, says the future of energy is electric.



“Electricity produced from solar, wind, and hydropower will be the backbone of our energy system, versus today where we produce energy from coal, gas, oil, and a little bit from the sun,” says Guldner.



Electricity has a few issues that can be solved with hydrogen, he explains; the main one being how difficult it is to store electricity over a long period of time. “You have to use something like hydrogen as a gas for chemical component molecules instead of electrons to store energy over longer periods of time, like several months.”



The feedback from BMW customers is that not all are 100% happy with a battery electric vehicle; they want to be emission-free but prefer to drive like they currently do without worrying about charging, he says.



“Hydrogen does exactly this; a hydrogen car is an electric car – the only difference is the energy is stored as hydrogen and not as electricity in a battery.”



The iX5 hydrogen prototype that FORBES AFRICA had access to briefly in Munich showcased the vehicles fitted with two 700-bar tanks that contain 6kg of hydrogen in total, which can be operated in any weather condition. The eDrive’s peak power battery can supply additional power boost on top of the electric energy from the fuel cell system.



The iX5 is based on the current BMW X5, has a total output of 296kW and a range of 504km without refueling the tanks. It can go from 0-100km/h in under six seconds, and has a top speed of 185km/h.



Hydrogen powered fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are extremely rare, with only 15,391 units sold globally in 2022, representing 0.02% of global passenger sales when compared to the 10.5 million battery electric vehicles (BEVs) sold in 2022. In Japan alone, there was a huge drop in sales, from 2,440 vehicles sold in 2021, vs. 844 in 2022.



These stats were shared by BloombergNEF Electric Vehicle Outlook 2023 report, which said figures were so low that it could not make future projections: “We are not able to make a long-term outlook for passenger FCVs while sales are so low, show limited momentum and are highly concentrated in a few markets and models.”



There are two mass-produced hydrogen vehicles on sale today: the Toyota Mirai and the Hyundai Nexo. Upcoming FCEV models include the BMW iX5, Honda CR-V, Hyundai Staria, Kia Carnival, and Toyota GR Yaris H2.



While the industry is still an experimental one, there are concerns from scientists about the lack of data on hydrogen leaks and the potential harm they could cause, according to Reuters, which may cause a blind spot for the nascent industry. It said at least four studies concluded that hydrogen loses its environmental edge when it seeps into the atmosphere.



Despite this, the European Commission’s proposed REPowerEU plan aims to produce 10 million tons (MT) of renewable hydrogen and 10MT of imported renewable hydrogen by 2030, as part of achieving climate neutrality by 2050.

On Location BMW iX5 Hydrogen Antwerp

Hydrogen Cars On The Horizon In Africa

Hacker, IT and person with code on computer, programming and phishing scam with malware or virus. Hacking, system glitch and cloud computing error in dark room, cyber crime and cybersecurity fail

How AI Is Supercharging Financial Fraud–And Making It Harder To Spot

A new wave of innovation is rising on the African continent, where startups are leveraging AI to address local challenges, fueling sustainable growth, and forging a path for others to follow. The AI industry on the continent is expanding rapidly, with reportedly over 2,400 companies specializing in the industry as of this year.



Spending on AI innovation in Africa and the Middle East is likely to see the fastest growth in AI spending in the world, hitting $3 billion this year and over $6 billion by 2026 per the International Data Corporation (IDC). This innovation is both locally and internationally-driven, with organic AI-based startups across the continent, as well as collaborative initiatives such as Google’s first AI research center in Ghana, launched in 2018.



In the heart of Cameroon, in the capital city of Yaoundé, resides Agrix Tech — a startup committed to aiding smallscale farmers in their battle against plant diseases and pests. These threats, exacerbated by the ongoing climate crisis, pose a critical challenge to agriculture. Agrix Tech&#8217;s innovative solution is a mobile app that empowers farmers to scan their plants&#8217; leaves. Leveraging AI, the app identifies any ailments and suggests appropriate interventions.



What sets Agrix Tech apart is its dedication to inclusivity. The app&#8217;s features are available regardless of location or internet connectivity — crucial for remote farmers. &#8220;The app can work offline as the AI model is embedded into the mobile app,&#8221; states founder and CEO Adamou Nchange Kouotou to FORBES AFRICA. “This allows farmers with no internet connection to still use it. The app can also be set in many local African languages.&#8221; By extending its AI library to other developers, Agrix Tech is broadening the reach of its crop and disease detection capabilities.



In Nairobi, Kenya, is another groundbreaking company making use of AI. Since its inception in 2012, SunCulture has made significant strides in equipping farmers with precision irrigation solutions.



Starting with solar-powered irrigation and pay-as-you-go financing, the company has expanded its reach from Kenya to Ethiopia, Uganda, Zambia, and the Ivory Coast, among others.



“It’s a viable business idea,” says SunCulture CEO Samir Ibrahim.



Approximately 90% of smallholding farms on the continent rely on rainfall for irrigation. As a result, the timing of planting, fertilizing, and harvesting is critically dependent on weather forecasts, which are often too broad or inaccurate. SunCulture&#8217;s solution — a trailblazing amalgamation of technologies called AgOptimized — addresses this issue head-on. The app gathers local soil and weather data, integrates it with meteorological and satellite data, and analyzes it alongside historical trends using AI. The result? Detailed, localized weather forecasts and recommendations on irrigation, fertilizing, and pest control, designed to lower costs and maximize farming yields.



Further south in Johannesburg is an AI startup that aims to meet their bold slogan of ‘AI for Africans, By Africans, Solving African Problems’. Lelapa has crafted an AI-based language- model-as-a-service named Vulavula.



Linguistic diversity is the heartbeat of Africa, and nowhere is this more evident than in South Africa, a country that proudly recognizes 12 official languages. Yet, the digital space often falls short in catering to this richness. That&#8217;s where Vulavula steps in, carving out a unique niche in the landscape of AI applications.



“We tackle the challenges of language diversity through very careful data creation and curation with the help of sociolinguists who understand the nuances of dialects,” says Jade Abbott, Director at Lelapa AI. “Our vision is for Vulavula to be used across education, healthcare, government. 



Children learn maths best when taught in their home language, people die because doctors do not speak the same languages as their patients, and many people can’t participate in government because majority of the resources are available in English or Afrikaans.” 



Vulavula harnesses the power of AI to provide real-time translation and transcription services, enabling businesses to communicate with their customers in their own language seamlessly. 



Ubenwa, a Nigerian-owned AI startup, is making significant strides in the realm of neonatal health. Named after the Igbo term for &#8216;baby&#8217;s cry&#8217;, Ubenwa has developed an AI system that deciphers infants&#8217; cries to detect early signs of neurological issues. It specifically targets birth asphyxia — one of the leading causes of infant mortality in sub-Saharan Africa — by analyzing frequency, pitch, and other key acoustic features in a baby&#8217;s cry. This AI- powered approach provides a low-cost, non-invasive diagnostic tool for early intervention, potentially saving many young lives.



What sets Ubenwa apart is its commitment to accessibility. Their AI solution operates independently of internet connectivity, a pivotal feature ensuring its usability in Africa&#8217;s remote areas. Bymeeting this challenge head-on, Ubenwa exemplifies how AI can be harnessed to tackle region-specific healthcare issues, paving the way for other AI startups to make impactful strides in their domains.



On a broader scale, Ubenwa underscores the transformative potential of AI in healthcare, particularly in settings with limited resources. Their innovative approach is a powerful testament to the potential of AI in Africa, spotlighting the profound societal impact of locally-sourced solutions to local challenges.

Close-up of businesswoman use computer while use digitization display for monitoring the data in business office.

Africa’s AI-Based Businesses And Innovations

Micro-X is developing an automated screening process that could save time and minimize stress, but it’s likely to be expensive.



Inan industrial park near Seattle’s airport, an Australian company called Micro-X is developing a system that could make air travelers’ dreams come true: speedy security screening that promises minimal interaction with TSA officers.



Micro-X is using new technology to redesign airport checkpoints to resemble self-checkout lanes at supermarkets. If it works as planned, Micro-X’s process would not only be faster, it would be less stressful for passengers and Transportation Security Administration employees. Yet, in an environment where TSA often seems to be&nbsp;<a href="https://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/5-9-2012-Joint-TSA-Staff-Report-FINAL.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">under fire</a>&nbsp;for some shortcoming —&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelgoldstein/2017/11/09/tsa-misses-70-of-fake-weapons-but-thats-an-improvement/?sh=cfd2ea12a38d">poor performance</a>&nbsp;on tests for detecting weapons, making the experience confusing and unpleasant for travelers, and, especially,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2021-09/OIG-21-69-Sep21.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">its expensive bloat</a>&nbsp;— the new equipment may not satisfy critics. It would be pricey.



Micro-X’s target for the cost of the self-screening system is roughly twice that of the newest type of conventional security lanes, according to Brian Gonzales, Micro-X’s chief scientific officer and head of its U.S. operation. This year, the TSA has already committed to pay up to $1.3 billion for about 1,200 CT scanners to screen carry-on bags. As for the Micro-X system, the hope is the cost would end up being “competitive” on a per-passenger basis, according to John Fortune, who oversees the project as manager of a Department of Homeland Security technology-development program called Screening at Speed.



The company’s design “breaks the mold,” Fortune tells&nbsp;Forbes. “It would really shake up the way a checkpoint is built.”



Here’s how it would work. After getting their IDs checked, travelers enter an area with rows of booths, each big enough for two adults. An avatar on a screen tells them to put their belongings in the cabinet of a<a href="https://micro-x.com/products/miniature-baggage-scanner/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">&nbsp;CT scanner</a>&nbsp;that’s one-quarter the size of anything else on the market. The scanner uses X-rays to create a 3-D image that’s automatically analyzed for prohibited items by software powered by machine-learning algorithms. Meanwhile, a camera system and an electromagnetic body scanner examine the traveler and the avatar prompts them if they’ve forgotten to take something out of their pockets — or seem to be hiding something.



TSA officers would step in only if the system detects a suspicious item or if a traveler needs help.



From 2020 through 2022, DHS committed $4.9 million for Micro-X to develop its concept and deliver initial prototypes. In July, the agency awarded the company a contract extension worth up to $14 million to build six screening booths, with the goal for the first to be delivered for testing within the next 12 to 18 months.



Airport security officials, especially since 9/11, have been navigating a delicate balance, weighing travelers’ convenience with the imperative of keeping them safe. That task only grows harder when more people fly, and more people are flying. Air travel has bounced back from pandemic doldrums, with a record 264 million people passing through airport security checkpoints during the summer travel season —&nbsp;2 million more than in the same period in 2019. If passenger growth rates return to their pre-pandemic trajectory — about 4% annually — that means bigger challenges, Fortune says. “At some point you’re not going to be able to keep up with both the evolving threats, but also the number of travelers that continue to go through the system,” he says.



Micro-X promises its revamped checkpoints would keep foot traffic moving, with passengers able to complete the screening process in an average time of 60 seconds and in as little as 30 seconds. Its design features eight screening booths in the same space as the current single-line lanes. That way, if a passenger dawdles or sets off alarms, other travelers could still flow through the remaining booths.



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-faster-future">Faster Future</h2>



DHS’ goal is for the self-service system to be capable of screening 400 passengers per hour per lane, with less than 5% requiring officer intervention. Micro-X thinks it could do better — 500 passengers an hour per lane, Gonzales says. TSA won’t disclose statistics on its current performance, but Gonzales says his understanding is that 500 an hour would be well above the flow of PreCheck lanes, which he says tend to handle 300 an hour at best. A jammed-up standard lane might only process 150 travelers an hour, he says.



The goal is to have seven TSA officers staffing a lane, down from 11 currently, Gonzales says. If the image-analysis algorithms can be made accurate enough, he says it may be possible to reduce that to as few as three officers.



The system would reduce stress for officers. They would spend more time helping passengers rather than conducting often tense pat-downs and bag searches. They could also be freed up to remotely examine images of bags flagged by the detection algorithms.



The process could be particularly helpful at smaller airports with light traffic. A single Micro-X pod could be all the capacity needed.



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-take-two">Take Two</h2>



DHS is also funding a project led by a Dutch company, Vanderlande, to develop a self-screening checkpoint with current technology. It’s added a gating system and automated instructions to its<a href="https://www.vanderlande.com/us/systems/security-screening/pax-mx2/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">&nbsp;two-lane checkpoint</a>, which uses a conventional CT machine paired with a Rohde &amp; Schwartz<a href="https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/us/products/aerospace-defense-security/security-scanner/rs-qps-quick-personnel-security-scanner_63493-332676.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">&nbsp;body scanner</a>&nbsp;kitted out with a virtual assistant that cues passengers to check their pockets if the scanner picks up anything.



The Vanderlande project is further along than Micro-X’s. DHS tested it this spring and hopes to launch a trial by year-end on the PreCheck lanes at Harry Reid International Airport in Las Vegas. It has some features that could speed up the flow of passengers — there are three stations where travelers line up to put their bags on a conveyor — but it doesn’t have the same potential to accelerate the process as the system Micro-X is developing, Fortune says.



Fortune cautions that there’s much about the new technologies that still needs to be proved out.



Micro-X has already commercialized light, mobile medical X-ray machines based on the same technology in its CT scanner. Standard X-ray machines still work pretty much the same as they did when they were first developed around the turn of the 20th century. A filament heats up in a vacuum tube, similar to an old-fashioned light bulb, generating a stream of electrons that create X-rays when they’re rapidly slowed down by a dense metal. Micro-X has perfected technology first developed by researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill that applies an electric field to carbon nanotubes to generate a current of electrons. The benefits: its X-ray tubes are about a quarter of the size and a tenth the weight of standard ones. It also provides more precise electronic control of timing and dosing, the company says.



The success of the self-screening security project could mean a big future for a small company. Micro-X had sales of $9.7 million in the fiscal year that ended June 30. With a market capitalization of just $35 million on the Australian Securities Exchange, Gonzales says it will need outside investment or partnerships to get the system to market.



The project also depends on Munich-based<a href="https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/news/2021/10/13/news-release-st-awards-funding-design-passenger-self-screening-hardware-system" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">&nbsp;Voxel Radar</a>&nbsp;delivering on its claim that its next-generation millimeter wave body scanner is capable of taking accurate images of travelers while they’re moving in the booth and providing quick feedback about items they’re carrying. Current millimeter wave scanners require travelers to stand still with their arms extended.



Another key will be whether detection algorithms can be created that accurately interpret the images that both types of scanners create.



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-computer-vision">Computer Vision</h2>



Image-analysis algorithms are already used with CT scanners to detect explosives in checked luggage. TSA told&nbsp;Forbes&nbsp;that 75% to 80% of checked bags are cleared without human intervention. But carry-on bags are trickier. They need to be checked for a wider variety of banned items, including guns and knives.



It can be difficult for algorithms to pick up the shape of a gun depending on the orientation, or to recognize if a gun has been broken up into pieces, or those pieces are split among different bags, says Norman Shanks, a baggage screening expert who ran security at London Heathrow in the late 1990s. “I’m not that convinced that we’ve got the image recognition for every prohibited item,” he tells&nbsp;Forbes. “It will come but we’re not there yet.”



While accuracy will need to be high and false-alarm rates low to achieve the reductions in checkpoint staffing that the Micro-X project envisions, it’s not clear that human beings pose stiff competition to detection algorithms. In tests in 2017, DHS investigators were able to smuggle mock weapons and explosives past TSA officers at checkpoints&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tsa-screenings-fail-to-detect-explosives-guns-knives-70-percent/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">at least 70% of the time</a>.



Still, cutting staff poses a risk, according to Shanks. It means fewer officers who might notice if a traveler is acting suspiciously. “Technologists want to talk about technology being the answer for everything, and it isn’t,” he says. Also needed are “the soft skills of behavior detection and observation techniques.”



Another question is whether automated instructions will enable enough passengers to use the new systems without help. Experience has shown that signs and videos are no substitute for a person giving directions, says Jeffrey Price, an aviation security consultant and professor at Metropolitan State University of Denver, who calls it “one of the inside secrets of our industry.”



“You have to tell them what to do every time or else they stand there and get confused,” Price says of air travelers. “Even if they do nothing else other than walk down a corridor, you still have to tell them to walk down the corridor.”



The holy grail of the industry is to boil down the process to just that — do away with checkpoints and have passengers scanned continuously while walking. DHS has been funding research at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to develop technology to make that possible.



Fortune says a prototype for that dream may still be a couple of years away.

Delays And Cancellations Continue To Plague Airline Industry Heading Into Holiday Weekend

Through Airport Security In 30 Seconds? That’s The Goal Of This New Technology

Analyzing the rapid rise of artificial intelligence (ai), its impact across sectors with a special focus on innovations and ai startups in africa, and the need for mindful navigation in shaping ai’s future landscape.



The last three years have witnessed an unprecedented symphony of development and interest in the realm of artificial intelligence (AI). Its transformative potential, destined to reshape work and human development, is being felt tangibly around the globe for the first time, despite having been present in some form or another for several decades. Like any burgeoning revolution, AI has its skeptics — those who dismiss it as just another transient fad, akin to cryptocurrencies and Non- Fungible Tokens (NFTs).



Despite these misgivings, AI’s exponential growth and the multitude of its applications differentiate it from a passing tech trend – we are already witnessing AI’s formidable grip in sectors as diverse as finance and data analysis, programming, and multiple creative domains — marking AI’s evolution from a nascent idea to a legitimate driving force in our global technological landscape.



As this impressive engine of growth races ahead, critical questions about labor and wealth inequality loom. The full implications of AI are yet to be determined, as many of its applications are still in their infancy. And while the narrative has often centered on AI’s development in the West — particularly the progression of large language models (LLMs) — it is crucial to recognize the parallel innovations unfurling in Africa. A new generation of African innovators is embracing AI, fostering local solutions to local challenges, proving that significant breakthroughs are happening right in our backyard.



In the face of AI’s breakneck pace of development, it’s essential to anchor ourselves in the origins of this technology — to understand where AI began from an ancient dream into a modern reality, and the varied types and real-world implications, especially in Africa.



<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ghost-in-the-machine">Ghost in the machine</h4>



The origins of AI trace back to time immemorial, with the idea of automatons – self-operating machines – deeply embedded in the tapestry of human history. The ancient Egyptians and Greeks held beliefs in mechanical creatures imbued with a kind of spirit or voice — statues of wood or men of bronze and iron that could mimic life’s vital functions. These initial imaginings of AI shed light on humanity’s long-standing fascination with replicating life artificially.



In the 20th century this notion of life replication takes a leap forward, crystallizing into the foundational theory of modern AI. At the helm was the mathematician and computer scientist, Alan Turing. He posited the revolutionary idea of a ‘Turing Complete’ system or platform — a machine capable of performing any task solvable algorithmically, much like most programming languages today. Turing’s concept of ‘artificial neurons,’ capable of such functions, laid the cornerstone for AI’s development. Turing’s pioneering work sparked a wave of breakthroughs in the AI domain. In the mid-20th century, key figures such as Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon, John McCarthy, and Marvin Minsky emerged as the torchbearers of AI’s evolution. Together, they helped establish the field of AI and made significant strides in its development.



Their collective contributions propelled the AI narrative from a rudimentary concept to an intricate scientific discipline, setting the stage for AI’s transformative role in the world we know today.



<h1 class="wp-block-heading">Not all machines are made equal</h1>



A quick Google search reveals a cosmos of AI apps, allowing for everything from therapy chatbots to video editing. The last year has witnessed an explosion of AI innovations, prompting a surge in AI’s presence in everyday discourse. Despite this apparent novelty, we’ve been cohabiting with some form of AI for several decades now.



‘Narrow AI’ or ‘weak AI’, is what we are most familiar with. These are a class of AI systems designed to excel in specific tasks within a confined domain. This form of AI has been an invisible companion, aiding us in numerous ways. Apple’s virtual assistant Siri, integrated into the mobile iOS platform since 2011, has been aiding users in performing specific tasks such as making phone calls, scheduling calendar appointments, and more. In the same league is Amazon’s Alexa, and Google’s Assistant.



The truly transformative waves are being made by ‘General AI’ or ‘strong AI’. These systems are designed to approximate human-like intelligence, aiming to execute any intellectual task a human might undertake. They strive to demonstrate cognitive abilities such as reasoning, deduction, common sense thinking, and abstraction, a substantially more complex endeavor.



Until recently, the creation of a General AI seemed a far-off milestone, a vision more aligned with science fiction than reality. But, the advent of generative AI is changing that narrative.



Generative AI is no longer a distant dream; it’s a burgeoning reality. But to truly understand its significance, we must delve into its building blocks: deep learning, natural language processing (NLP), and neural networks.



Deep learning, an offshoot of machine learning, harnesses artificial neural networks to learn from large quantities of data. It’s the foundation that enables AI systems to interpret and understand the world, much like the human brain does. NLP, on the other hand, empowers AI to comprehend and respond to human language, allowing it to interact more naturally with us. Both these fields are anchored in the concept of neural networks, AI models inspired by the human brain that enable machines to learn from experience. 



These technologies constitute the core of modern AI, enabling the development of powerful AI systems that can understand, learn, predict, and potentially function autonomously.



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Enter Generative AI</h4>



A distinct class of AI platforms has started making waves, its ripples felt across society and diverse industries, from cybersecurity to programming and creative writing. This is the realm of Generative AI. Systems like OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Bard, and Bing’s Chat represent this new age of AI, capable of engaging with an array of problems and redefining the boundaries of what AI can achieve.



But what sets Generative AI apart? At its heart, it involves creating content from scratch. Unlike traditional AI systems that analyze input to produce a predictable output, Generative AI leverages an understanding of data patterns to produce an entirely new, unique output. This is accomplished through a specialized form of machine learning known as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs).



GANs operate with a kind of internal rivalry. Comprising two parts, a generator and a discriminator, these networks play a game of cat and mouse. The generator creates new data instances, while the discriminator evaluates them for authenticity; that is, whether they seem to come from the actual dataset as opposed to being artificially created. This internal competition fuels the system to continuously improve and adapt, enabling the generation of highly convincing artificial data.



OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Bard, and Bing’s Chat exemplify how potent this technology can be. ChatGPT, for instance, can generate coherent and contextually relevant text given an input, emulating human-like text patterns. This powerful capacity has opened a plethora of applications in fields like content creation, customer service, and even tutoring.



The arrival of Generative AI signifies a paradigm shift in the AI world. It’s not just about developing AI that can understand and learn from data anymore; it’s about creating AI that can generate new, original content, push creative boundaries, and find solutions in complex landscapes.



Africa is one such landscape.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Ethics</h3>



Amidst the labyrinthine possibilities offered by AI, many ethical considerations also arise. The advent of AI also poses significant implications for the world of work. On one hand, AI has the potential to automate routine tasks, liberate human creativity, and create new kinds of work. On the other, it could lead to job displacement and exacerbate wealth inequality if not managed responsibly.



The situation gains an added layer of complexity in Africa, a continent grappling with high unemployment rates and a



burgeoning youth population. According to a recent report by the African Development Bank, the continent’s youth population could be an advantage in the adoption and growth of AI systems.



However, existing inequalities might make job displacement even stronger, making the need for ethical AI practices and thoughtful labor policies even more pressing.



It’s vital to ensure that the adoption of AI doesn’t outpace the ability of workers to reskill or find new jobs.



Government preparedness to make use of AI, or regulate its impact on the economy and labor force, varies drastically across the continent, with only Mauritius, Egypt and Kenya having dedicated national strategies.



Moreover, there’s a need for transparency and accountability in how AI affects the labor market. Workers should have a say in how AI is implemented in their workplaces and should be adequately supported in navigating the AI-driven transition.



Also, it’s important to build robust ethical frameworks to ensure that AI is developed and deployed in a way that respects labor rights and promotes economic justice.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Within limits: hallucinations</h3>



“What they are able to imagine becomes more real to them.” Hallucinations, Oliver Sacks, 2012.



The march of AI’s progress, while filled with exhilarating innovation, also walks in the shadow of challenges and limitations.



AI systems, despite their intellectual prowess, can become targets of adversarial attacks. These are strategic attempts to mislead AI algorithms through manipulated input, leading to incorrect output. This vulnerability poses significant threats in areas such as cybersecurity and data integrity, making it an area of increasing concern for AI developers.



Another challenge is data poisoning — a type of attack where malicious actors inject false data into the learning process of AI systems, consequently affecting the decisions these systems make. Such attacks can not only undermine the effectiveness of AI systems but can also pose serious risks if these systems are used in critical domains such as healthcare or defense.



Beneath the formidable capabilities of AI lies a caveat — it lacks the nuanced understanding of context, emotions, and human-like reasoning. This limitation becomes evident in areas like NLP, where despite impressive advancements, AI struggles to fully grasp the intricacies of human language and sentiment.



Moreover, balancing AI’s capabilities with privacy and security concerns presents a complex dilemma. While AI’s ability to analyze vast amounts of data can lead to groundbreaking insights, it also brings up concerns about data privacy and consent, requiring careful consideration and stringent regulations.



Finally, the use of AI in content moderation and censorship opens up a can of worms.



While AI can help moderate and filter harmful or inappropriate content, it may inadvertently suppress freedom of expression or fall victim to political manipulation. Here, the challenge lies in leveraging AI’s capabilities while ensuring it does not become an instrument of oppression or bias.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Ubiquity of AI</h3>



From the familiar chime of a smartphone notification to the recommended movie on a streaming service, AI has silently become a ubiquitous presence in our everyday life. But it’s not just about trivia and entertainment — the reach of AI extends far beyond, weaving itself into the very fabric of our society and business operations.



Many of us interact with AI-powered technologies on a daily basis, often without realizing it. The friendly virtual assistant that sets your alarms and reminders, the sophisticated chatbots that swiftly handle customer service queries, and the personalized recommendation systems that curate your shopping and streaming experiences — these are all shining examples of AI working behind the scenes to simplify our lives.



However, the ubiquitous nature of AI comes with both promise and caution. The potential economic and social implications of widespread AI adoption are enormous. On one hand, it promises to drive productivity, improve decision- making, and create new job opportunities. On the other, it raises concerns about job displacement, privacy issues, and an increased digital divide.



Beyond everyday applications, AI plays a pivotal role in tackling more complex issues. It’s at the forefront of combating digital threats like deep fakes, which use AI to create realistic fake videos or audio recordings, and misinformation, where AI can help detect and mitigate the spread of false information.



Yet, as AI becomes increasingly pervasive, it also amplifies concerns around bias and freedom of expression. For instance, the algorithms behind news feeds or search engines can unintentionally create echo chambers, reinforcing our existing beliefs and narrowing our world view. As we continue to entrust AI with these roles, it becomes imperative to ensure it promotes diversity of thought and doesn’t impinge on our freedom of expression.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Here, now</h3>



AI is no longer an abstract concept or an elusive future — it’s here, it’s now, and it’s reshaping our world in ways we could only imagine a few decades ago.



In traversing the fascinating journey of AI — from its early theoretical conceptions to its current state of ubiquity, it’s important to remember its ability to generate new wonders and solutions hand in hand with magnifying existing inequalities.



Amidst these challenges, the resilience and ingenuity of Africa’s AI ecosystem shines through. The journey ahead is an uncharted one, filled with immense opportunities and formidable challenges. But as Africa stands at the threshold of this AI revolution, it also stands at the cusp of a transformative era — one where AI could be the catalyst that accelerates its leap into a future of unprecedented growth and prosperity.

AI, Machine learning, robot hand ai artificial intelligence assistance human touching on big data network connection background, Science artificial intelligence technology, innovation and futuristic.

The AI In African Innovation Explained

The tech behemoth’s latest iPhone features a new USB-C charging port and titanium frame for its higher-end models.



Apple has unveiled the iPhone 15, with the base models 15 and 15 Plus priced at $799 and $899 respectively, in its most anticipated product event of the year. The higher-end 15 Pro and 15 Pro Max will be priced at $999 and $1,199 respectively.



As usual, the iPhone 15 will come equipped with a better camera and upgraded processing power, but it will also feature a significant change: a USB-C port for charging and data transfers. Apple was forced to do away with its Lightning port in iPhones after the European Union passed a law last year that requires all mobile devices to accommodate a common&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/siladityaray/2022/10/26/weve-no-choice-apple-says-iphones-will-switch-over-to-usb-c-chargers-to-comply-with-new-eu-law/?sh=786790cabcde">USB-C&nbsp;</a>charger.



The consumer tech giant also announced two new makes of the Apple Watch: the Apple Watch Series 9, which it said was its first carbon neutral product ever, and the Apple Watch Ultra 2. Sustainability was one of the central themes of the event, where Apple detailed its increased use of recycled materials like cobalt in the battery and energy efficient manufacturing and transportation practices to produce the Apple Watch Series 9. This comes ahead of the company’s goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2030.



With inconspicuous changes in design and appearance, the screen sizes for the standard iPhone 15 models are the same as before (6.1 inch and 6.7 inch), but the iPhone 15 Pro and Pro Max have a slightly larger display as their bezels are thinner than previous iPhones, the company announced. The Pro iPhones are built with Grade 5 titanium frames for the first time rather than stainless steel, making them the lightest Pro phones Apple has ever built.



Similar to its predecessor, iPhone 15 has a matte finish, but the edges of the phone are more rounded than before. The regular models are available in pink, yellow, green, blue and black while the Pro models come in black, blue and white titanium. All new phones have the “Dynamic Island,” an interface that was first added to iPhone 14 Pro that lets users see notifications in the black pill-shaped notch at the top of the display.



Apple touted the phone’s upgraded camera capabilities: a 48-megapixel camera sensor is replacing the 12-megapixel and lets users zoom into photos while capturing minute details and nuances. The new Pro phones come with a feature that uses machine learning to detect when a person is in the photo, enabling you to automatically switch to portrait mode even after a photo has been taken.



If you’re on a call using the iPhone 15 Pro, a machine learning-based feature called “voice isolation” prioritizes the speaker’s voice and drowns out background voice. The phones are also enabled with an emergency SOS service and roadside assistance while off the grid.



The pricier models come with a performance edge, thanks to a new A17 chip. All new iPhones are embedded with a new ultrawide-band semiconductor, a technology that uses radio waves to send and receive signals, to make location tracking on the Find My app more accurate.



The ring/mute slide switch, which has never changed since Apple launched the original iPhone in 2007, has been replaced in iPhone 15 Pro models with an “Action Button” that can be customized to set different functionalities like starting a voice recording, launching the camera or opening the flashlight.



For the Apple Watch Series 9 and a second generation of the Apple Watch Ultra , the look and design for the new watches has remained consistent, but their guts have gotten an upgrade, with 30% faster processing speed and brighter screens. The two new Apple Watches are equipped with a feature that lets users double tap their index finger and thumb to carry out actions like accepting or ending a call, and playing or pausing music with just one hand.



Apple’s latest product reveal comes at a crucial time for the company. Demand for smartphones is&nbsp;<a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2023-08-06/apple-iphone-15-comes-amid-us-sales-slowdown-tim-cook-q3-earnings-comments-lkzfs14u" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">slowing</a>&nbsp;down across the industry, and Apple’s iPhone sales dropped about 2% year over year in the third quarter of 2023. Core to its business, iPhones, Apple Watches and AirPods accounted for about 60% of Apple’s $394.3 billion annual revenue in 2022.



Although more mainstream, the new iPhone and Apple Watches aren’t the only products that Apple announced this year. In June, alongside new Macs, Apple introduced the <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnpaczkowski/2023/06/07/this-is-what-its-like-to-use-apples-new-vision-pro-mixed-reality-headset/?sh=43c3323539e4">Apple Vision Pro</a> mixed-reality headset, its first major new product category since the Apple Watch made waves in 2015. The iPhone 15 lets users create photos and videos that are compatible with the Apple Vision Pro.

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Packages containing rifle parts hidden inside George Foreman Grills also contained Apple’s dime-sized location tracker, investigators say.



In November last year, Customs and Border Protection intercepted a package en route from Illinois to Israel. It contained a George Foreman Grill — innocuous enough. But when agents X-rayed the item and opened it up, they found rifle barrels wrapped in tinfoil and an Apple AirTag.



When Apple launched the dime-sized location tracking devices in 2021, they were pitched as a cheap piece of tech to help you keep tabs on your belongings, like luggage, keys and wallets. But AirTags and similar devices like Tile have also been put to use by criminals,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/sep/05/i-didnt-want-it-anywhere-near-me-how-the-apple-airtag-became-a-gift-to-stalkers" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">most notably stalkers</a>.



Now, CBP inspectors claim to have found evidence of another illicit use for AirTags: helping illegal weapons smugglers keep tabs on their shipments, according to a search warrant for an Apple iCloud account linked to the trackers that was obtained by&nbsp;Forbes.



Drug and gun traffickers have long used GPS trackers to keep tabs on shipments, either in order to ensure they reached their destination, or detect when they go missing. But while older trackers have proven bulky and unreliable, Apple’s AirTag is small, lightweight and efficient.



“Like drug dealers, [weapons traffickers] want to make sure the load didn’t get ripped by police or somebody else,” said Brady Wilkins, a recently-retired investigator in Arizona. “If another group takes it or it gets seized, they can abandon it or know something is not right.”



Apple did not respond to requests for comment at the time of publication, but it has been attempting to curtail malicious uses of the AirTag over the last two years. One recent addition is a feature that warns users when an unknown tracking device is detected, via Bluetooth, on their person. “We condemn in the strongest possible terms any malicious use of our products,” the company wrote in a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apple.com/uk/newsroom/2022/02/an-update-on-airtag-and-unwanted-tracking/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">press release</a>&nbsp;last year.



According to the warrant, the DHS Homeland Security Investigations unit traced the rifle barrel shipment back to a Palos, Illinois-based man, Amin Betuni. Records the government said it obtained from an unnamed online gun supplier showed Betuni had bought various AR-15 and Glock barrels. Investigators said that CBP intercepted a package containing what appeared to be those same parts, together with the grill and an AirTag, en route to a contact in Jerusalem, Israel. The warrant says the package’s shipping label stated it was sent from “Ameen Betuni” from a vacant lot next to a property owned by the suspect.



Border patrol in Israel, meanwhile, reported intercepting a different package containing gun parts also hidden inside a George Foreman Grill and an AirTag alongside, according to the warrant. That parcel had a return address for Betuni’s residence, the DHS claimed. Israeli officials also seized an additional FedEx shipment containing other gun components that were concealed inside of auto parts, investigators said. An AirTag was discovered in that package too.



Wilkins said that adding a personal property as return address would be a stupid mistake. “Criminals become complacent too,” he added.



In late December, law enforcement raided Betuni’s property, though he was not at home. Investigators suspected, however, they were being watched by security cameras in his home, as only ten minutes after police entered Betuni’s residence, one of his AirTag devices was mysteriously unpaired with his iCloud account, the DHS said.



Betuni was arrested in July and has been accused of shipping illegal Glock switches, which effectively turn a pistol into an automatic weapon, in the U.S. However, he has not yet been charged for sending gun apparatus to Israel or any other nation. In a recent filing, the government asked the court for an extension to the deadline for filing an indictment, as it was continuing to investigate Betuni’s conduct. The request was granted last week.



Others involved in the alleged scheme, but whose identities were unknown to the government, were also using AirTags as part of their operation to “smuggle goods from the United States,” the agent wrote in the warrant. No more information on the wider use of the Apple devices was provided.



The Department of Justice declined to comment on the case. Betuni’s lawyer didn’t respond to requests for comment.



It’s not just criminals who’ve found uses for the AirTag — law enforcement has too, even if it goes against Apple policy to use the tools for surreptitious surveillance. In March, <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2023/03/23/apple-airtag-becomes-dea-surveillance-device/?utm_campaign=forbes&amp;utm_source=twitter&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_term=Gordie">Forbes found a warrant detailing the DEA’s use of an AirTag</a>, after it placed one of the devices in a machine agents suspected was being ordered online to manufacture illegal narcotics.

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Criminals Are Allegedly Using Apple AirTags To Track Illegal Weapons

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline">TOPLINE</h2>



Apple and Nvidia stocks tanked for the second consecutive trading session Thursday, a rare down stretch for the Silicon Valley titans this year fueled by concerns about each of their explosive sales.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">KEY FACTS</h2>



Apple shares slipped 3.4% by 2:25 p.m. Eastern time after Bloomberg&nbsp;<a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-09-07/china-plans-to-expand-iphone-ban-to-some-state-backed-firms-in-blow-to-apple?srnd=premium" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">reported</a>&nbsp;China is considering banning iPhone usage among some government workers and employees at state-owned corporations, casting doubt on Apple’s strength in the country which accounts for roughly a fifth of its sales.



The slide comes a day after Apple shed 3.6% – its 6.9% dip since Tuesday marks the steepest two-day loss for the world’s most valuable company since November.



Nvidia shares also dropped about 3% Thursday, bringing its two-day loss to 5.5% as the S&amp;P 500’s best-performer of 2023 suffered a rare tumble.



The artificial intelligence leader’s stock slump came as a dubious conspiracy theory&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/JesseCohenInv/status/1699307464619876691" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">proliferated&nbsp;</a>on X, the social media site formerly known as Twitter, suggesting that Nvidia has artificially inflated revenue in its AI segment by lying about its sales to CoreWeave, a Nvidia-backed cloud computing startup&nbsp;<a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-08-30/coreweave-said-to-seek-stake-sale-at-up-to-8-billion-valuation" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">reportedly</a>&nbsp;valued at about $8 billion.



That theory is “nonsense,” Bernstein analyst Stacy Rasgon wrote in a Thursday note to clients he “very grudgingly” sent out, encouraging investors to not get “your investment thesis from Twitter randos.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-big-number">BIG NUMBER</h2>



$250 billion. That’s how much market capitalization Apple and Nvidia shed over the last two days.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">KEY BACKGROUND</h2>



Apple and Nvidia are two of the seven tech stocks&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2023/04/10/these-7-tech-stocks-command-almost-90-of-the-sp-500s-gains-signaling-market-rally-may-not-be-so-healthy/?sh=65e0aafc65d5">accounting for</a>&nbsp;a large majority of major stock indexes’ gains this year, leading to lingering questions about the depth of the strong market (Alphabet, Amazon, Meta, Microsoft and Tesla round out the super seven). Both Apple and Nvidia set all-time high share prices this year, but on far different trajectories. Apple rode a steady 42% gain this year, just ahead with the tech-heavy Nasdaq’s 32% rise, thanks to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2023/05/04/apple-beats-quarterly-profit-sales-estimates-despite-interest-rate-headwinds/?sh=77f139f03637">solid</a>&nbsp;5% and 6% earnings beats during the first and second quarters, respectively, while Nvidia more than tripled in share price due to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2023/08/23/nvidia-earnings-stock-soars-as-ai-giant-again-smashes-quarterly-expectations/">exploding</a>&nbsp;expectations about its AI business, which grew by 141% just last quarter.



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-crucial-quote">CRUCIAL QUOTE</h2>



“The Nasdaq is sinking as one bad Apple spoils a bunch of mega-cap tech stocks,”&nbsp;<a href="https://www.marketpulse.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Oanda</a>&nbsp;analyst Edward Moya wrote Thursday. The index is down 2% over the last two days, steeper than the S&amp;P 500’s 1% loss.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-further-reading">FURTHER READING</h2>



<a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/tosv2.html?vid=&amp;uuid=14d8c1fa-4dad-11ee-bf85-ff6800d7a7ae&amp;url=L25ld3MvYXJ0aWNsZXMvMjAyMy0wOS0wNy9jaGluYS1wbGFucy10by1leHBhbmQtaXBob25lLWJhbi10by1zb21lLXN0YXRlLWJhY2tlZC1maXJtcy1pbi1ibG93LXRvLWFwcGxlP3NybmQ9cHJlbWl1bQ==" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">BLOOMBERGBloomberg</a>



<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2023/08/23/nvidia-earnings-stock-soars-as-ai-giant-again-smashes-quarterly-expectations/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">MORE FROM FORBESNvidia Earnings: Stock Soars As AI Giant Again Smashes Quarterly ExpectationsBy&nbsp;Derek Saul</a>



<a href="https://www.theverge.com/2023/8/8/23824661/coreweave-nvidia-debt-gpu-ai-chips-collateral" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">THE VERGEHow to get your startup a loan with one easy computer part</a>

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In a significant development for Africa&#8217;s digital landscape, Lagos-based Itana, formerly known as Talent City, has announced that it secured $2 million in pre-seed funding.



The investment is led by backers, including LocalGlobe, Amplo, Pronomos Capital and Future Africa, marking a step toward realizing Africa&#8217;s inaugural Digital Free Zone.



Founded by Luqman Edu, Coco Liu, and Iyinoluwa Aboyeji, this funding is pivotal in realizing their vision to enhance Nigeria&#8217;s ease-of-doing-business index, stimulate foreign direct investment, and catalyze employment opportunities within the nation.



As of early 2022, the self-described charter city, backed by Charter Cities Institute and Pronomos Capital, a Peter Thiel-backed venture fund, had secured over $10 million for the project situated within Alaro City, in the Lekki Free Zone, just outside of Nigeria&#8217;s largest city, Lagos.



&#8220;We are building an online jurisdiction that allows global companies to remotely incorporate and operate in a Nigerian Digital Free Zone in partnership with Nigeria Export Processing Zones Authority to develop relevant policies for a groundbreaking &#8216;virtual city.&#8217; Itana Free Zone will be powered by a one-stop-shop platform for business and government services, including taxation, business visas, banking, capital repatriation, and supportive legislation for businesses. We will also be building a business marketplace, working with trusted service providers including legal, tax, banking, and more. We hope to help the businesses in our zone navigate the business landscape and operations with transparency and clarity to enable growth,&#8221; Itana tweeted on the announcement.



Aboyeji, one of the co-founders, emphasizes the importance of creating a conducive environment for Nigerian tech companies to thrive locally.



&#8220;In 2016 when I incorporated @theflutterwave, my first Delaware company, I never imagined incorporating a Delaware company would become the default for Nigerian companies looking to go global. For me, it was just a clever hack. But it became a movement.



&#8220;Post SVB crash crisis, incorporating a Delaware company and getting a bank account from Nigeria has quietly become a little more stressful. With the ascension of one of our own, @bosuntijani, as Minister, it has become imperative to bring our tech companies home. However, to do so, we need the right regulatory environment with the right benefits and opportunities that allow them to compete globally from right here in Nigeria,” tweeted Aboyeji. &#8220;This is why I’m so grateful for @ItanaAfrica and the incredible cast of mentors and investors who have come together to make this possible. If you are a Nigerian company and you want to come home, head on to itana.africa and incorporate your FZE today. Super excited to welcome you home.&#8221;



The announcement of Itana&#8217;s funding has garnered enthusiastic support from the tech community.



Pronomos Capital tweeted: &#8220;We&#8217;ve been working with the @ItanaAfrica team for 3 years now, and we love them, their concept, and its traction. Also big fans of @iaboyeji&#8217;s leadership, and since co-founders Luqman &amp; @cocobliu joined, it&#8217;s been build mode beast time!&#8221; Victor Ndukwe tweeted: &#8220;Super proud to be a part of the dream team. Building the gateway to the digital economy in Africa is audacious, and with the right kind of folks around, it becomes one of the most exciting journeys. Cheers to a prosperous Africa as we build to expand its trillion-dollar economy!&#8221;

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